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Topic: Alexander Kolchak

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Aleksandr Kolchak

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Alexander Kolchak

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	WWW Irkutsk: From the Sea to the River: Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak and the Russian Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Despite Kolchak's meetings with the Provisional Government and cooperation with the Sailor's Soviets, Bolshevik agitators and the continual strikes in the ship-building and repair yards finally took their toll and the fleet mutinied in June 1917, demanding that the officers be disarmed.
		Kolchak writes about "the terrifying burden of Supreme Power" and that he thought of himself as "a fighting man, reluctant to face the problems of state craft." Either way, the British knew about the coup and had given it their approval, provided there was no bloodshed.
		Not all the blame for the Kolchak government's inability to win the support of the people can be placed on the incompetence of government officials, the atrocities and violence of army officers, or even on the fact that regular army officers encouraged desertions by their degree of cruelty and summary justice to their own men.
	www.icc.ru /fed/kolchak.html (5963 words)

	Glossary of People: Ko
		Kolchak was was admired by the aristocracy and bourgeoisie alike for possessing the “romantic" traits of chivalry and duty to the King above all else, as the servant of god.
		Kolchak publicly proclaimed his full support of England in its efforts to overthrow the Soviet government and was assigned to coordinate the military maneuvers of the various interventionist forces in the region.
		Kolchak was undeterred, and set plans to gain command of the White Army in the Don region, but as he reached Omsk he was persuaded to join the newly established White government ("the directory") as Minister of War.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/people/k/o.htm (2675 words)

	::Alexander Kolchak::
		Alexander Kolchak was one of the White leaders during the civil war that followed the November 1917 Revolution.
		Kolchak was an admiral in Russia’s navy and had been a follower of Alexander Kerensky and his Provisional Government that governed before the Bolshevik takeover.
		Kolchak was born in 1874 in the city of St.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /alexander_kolchak.htm (548 words)

	Polish 5th Rifle Division - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The other Polish divisions at that time were 1st, 2nd and 3rd fighting with the Blue Army formed by general Józef Haller de Hallenburg in France and the Polish 4th Rifle Division of general Lucjan Żeligowski fighting in Kuban River region in southern Russia.
		The offensive of admiral Kolchak ended with a failure in the summer of 1919.
		On January 15, 1920, admiral Kolchak was taken captive by the Red Army and was shot on February 7.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Siberian_Brigade (1354 words)

	Russian Constituent Assembly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On June 4, 1919 Kolchak accepted most of the conditions, but he refused to reconvene the Assembly elected in November 1917 since, he claimed, it had been elected under Bolshevik rule and the elections were not fully free.
		Both Kolchak and the leader of the White Movement in the South of Russia, General Anton Denikin, officially subscribed to the principle of "non-predetermination", i.e.
		Kolchak and Denikin made general promises to the effect that there would be no return to the past and that there would be some form of popular representation put in place.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly (4313 words)

	The Russian Civil War quiz -- free game
		Admiral Kolchak resigned his post, but was betrayed and handed over to the Red forces by his personal bodyguard.
		The White army did not get much support from the peasantry because they tended to be very cruel in their areas of occupation and enforced the return of seized lands back to their former landlord owners.
		Kolchak avoided enlisting WWI veterans (fearing they had been "radicalized" by the revolution) and the bulk of his army consisted of untrained 19 and 20 year olds.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=136689 (500 words)

	THE VOICE OF RUSSIA [Tid-Bits of the Week ]
		Kolchak at the time commanded a division of sappers and was in first in the world to introduce the tactics and strategy of mine warfare.
		Kolchak had a chance to stay abroad, his experience as an army and naval commander would have been in demand in any country.
		The author pictured Kolchak not as a despotic ruler, as we were used to consider him, but as a loving and suffering man, a dedicated romantic and a man always true to his word.
	www.vor.ru /English/Exclusives/excl_next1323_eng.html (775 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Alexander Kolchak
		Admiral Alexander Kolchak (1874-1920) commanded the Russian Black Sea fleet from 1916, and succeeded in harrying the Turkish navy in the sector until the advent of the Russian revolution brought about his recall and subsequent career fighting with anti-Bolshevik White forces.
		Kolchak made effective use of his growing fleet to establish superiority over Turkish forces in the sector; in particular his large-scale use of mines set in place an effective blockade of hostile shipping in the Sea of Marmora.
		Despite the February Revolution of 1917 Kolchak retained command of Baltic Sea forces until, in July 1917, he was finally ousted by a sailor's Soviet.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/kolchak.htm (294 words)

	Lenin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Kolchak's army used unconventional tactics that included pillaging and murdering anyone that seemed unenthusiastic to their cause.
		Kolchak's army could not hold against the full strength of Lenin's army and the other anti-Bolshevik armies were not making simultaneous attacks with Kolchak's offensives.
		So Kolchak called upon the British army but their help came to late and by the time they arrived Kolchaks army had been pushed back and destroyed.
	www.students.dsu.edu /ohottoa/History/lenin.htm (403 words)

	Chronology 1919
		Alexander Garbai, as president, and Bela Kun, as minister of foreign affairs, established a Socialist-Communist government in Hungary.
		After his retreat from eastern Russia, Admiral Alexander Kolchak was forced to step down as the Supreme Ruler of Russia and turned over control of the White Russian government in Siberia to General Nicolai Semenov.
		Admiral Kolchak was later captured by the Bolsheviks and executed on February 7, 1920.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1919.htm (7876 words)

	Russian - Encyclopedia FunTrivia
		Admiral Kolchak was nominated as the leader of the White forces but he soon established a military dictatorship in the Omsk region.
		Alexander II Alexander II was the tsar who emancipated the serfs in 1861.
		Admiral Kolchak's army of 40,000 troops attacked the Soviet 5th Army (10,000 strong), and after months of dogged resistance, the Reds were forced to give up the city of Ufa and retreat back to the river Volga.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/History/Russian-1949.html (1516 words)

	[No title]
		In April 1919, Kolchak launched an offensive against the Red Army, which was to be coordinated with offensives from the north (General F.K. Miller), the south (Denikin), and the west (Yudenich).
		However, the Kolchak, Denikin, and Yudenich offensives (the latter in June) were spread over vast distances and only loosely coordinated, so they could not prevail against the Bolsheviks who controlled the railway network of European Russia with its hub at Moscow.
		Kolchak stated the Czechs were to be stopped at all costs, even if this meant the destruction of key bridges and tunnels on the railway south of Lake Baikal.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch2.html (21015 words)

	Alexander Kolchak
		In March, 1919, Kolchak captured Ufa and was posing a threat to Kazan and Samara.
		Kolchak fled eastwards but he was caught by the Czechs who handed him over to the Bolsheviks.
		Alexander Kolchak was shot by firing squad on 7th February, 1920.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSkolchak.htm (163 words)

	Kolchak Aleksandr Vasilyevich - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Kolchak Aleksandr Vasilyevich - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Kolchak, Aleksandr Vasilyevich (1874-1920), Russian admiral and counterrevolutionist.
		He was born in Saint Petersburg, and educated at the Russian...
	encarta.msn.com /Kolchak_Aleksandr_Vasilyevich.html (91 words)

	First World War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Alexander Kolchak was the commander of 'White' military forces in Siberia and the best known of the anti-Bolshevik military leaders in Russia.
		In this order, signed at Omsk on 18 January 1919, he thanks the British military mission in Siberia for its support in establishing a training school for 'White' Russian army officers and NCOs on Russian Island, near the port of Vladivostok.
		Particular praise is reserved for the head of the British mission, General Alfred Knox, a close ally of Kolchak's and a staunch advocate of Allied involvement against the Bolsheviks.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /pathways/firstworldwar/spotlights/p_kolchak.htm (109 words)

	Russian Civil War (Grade B+)
		However large amounts of aid were sent by the Allies to Alexander Kolchak; in the first six months of 1919 Kochak's army received one million rifles, 15,000 machine guns, 700 field guns and 800 million rounds of ammunition.
		The armies of Generals Kolchak, Denikin and Yudenich in the east, south and northwest were the main threats to the authority of the Reds throughout the Civil War.
		The Republic of the UshaKovka: Admiral Kolchak and the Allied Intervention in Siberia 1918-1920, London, 1990.
	portal.jarbury.net /essay/civilwar.html (1660 words)

	The St. Petersburg Times - News - Efforts Redouble To Clear White Officers
		About 10 books have been published recently based on Kolchak’s interrogation in Irkutsk, Smirnov said, and in early February residents of that Eastern Siberian city erected a memorial cross on the spot where Kolchak was shot before his body was thrown into the icy Ushakova river.
		Alexander Yakovlev, chairman of the presidential commission for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression, has said Kolchak’s name should be cleared.
		In a separate interview with the Izvestia daily, Yakovlev also said that refusing to rehabilitate Kolchak on the grounds of his counterintelligence terror is illegitimate, considering that Stalin was not judged nearly so severely for the acts of his counterintelligence.
	www.sptimes.ru /index.php?action_id=2&story_id=6618 (1152 words)

	Out of the Frying Pan, into the Fire: Russian Immigrants in China
		Harbin was visited by the White Army’s Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Alexander Kolchak, whose purpose was to create anti-Bolshevik bases in Manchuria which would cater for the White Movement in eastern Siberia and Maritime Province.
		Kolchak’s uncompromising position irritated the members of Entente, who were much more interested in gold and territories than in the prospects of White Movement.
		On 7 February 1920, Kolchak and the Prime Minister Peplyayev were executed by the Revolutionary Military Committee of Irkutsk, but the White Movement continued to roll eastward across Siberia.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/champion/65/immigrants.htm (5543 words)

	Library of Congress Information Bulletin - February 19, 1996
		George Tellberg, the minister of justice in the Alexander Kolchak government, took a mass of documents on which he based his future books.
		Among them were unique documents about the life and death of Kolchak (1874-1920), whom contemporaries called "the Russian Washington" for his efforts to establish a new democratic republic in Russia, free from the Bolsheviks.
		In 1943 Tellberg donated his Kolchak materials to the Law Library of Congress, most notably the 262-page transcription of the interrogation of Kolchak upon his arrest by the Bolsheviks in early 1920 for treason and counterrevolutionary activities.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/9603/kolchak.html (1162 words)

	NARA - Prologue - Prologue: Current Issue
		Both Kolchak and the Japanese got the point across to Semenoff that he needed to back away from the brink of open war with the Americans.
		Graves sent the shipment of rifles for Kolchak's government, leaving Vladivostok on October 14, 1919, under an especially heavy guard and placed the command of the operation in the hands of 1st Lt. Albert E. Ryan with several companies of the Thirty-first Infantry Regiment.
		With Kolchak's death, this was a hollow trophy.
	www.archives.gov /publications/prologue/2002/winter/us-army-in-russia-2.html?template=print (2759 words)

	1918-20. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		At Omsk the military and conservative elements executed a coup (Nov. 18) by which the Socialists were forced out of the government, and Adm.
		Alexander Kolchak was proclaimed Supreme Ruler of Russia.
		But the Bolsheviks initiated a vigorous counteroffensive, taking Orenburg and Ekaterinburg (Jan. 25, 27, 1919) and gradually forcing Kolchak back into Siberia.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2067.html (1492 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Harvest of Bones
		In the bitter civil war that followed the 1917 Bolshevik revolution, Alexander Kolchak, former commander of the czar's Black Sea fleet, became the leader of the anti-Communist "Whites," whose last redoubt was here in Siberia.
		As we drank Admiral Kolchak in a park on the banks of the Angara River here, Alexandrov confided that the local branch of Memorial plans to file a lawsuit in Moscow.
		Its purpose is to win the legal rehabilitation of Kolchak himself, the embodiment of evil in Soviet propaganda for 70 years.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A11074-2001Aug14?language=printer (1716 words)

	HISTORY
		Alexander Kolchak set up an anti-Bolshevik military in eastern Siberia.
		Kolchaks forces captured Ufa but the Red Army led by Mikhail Frunze entered Omsk causing Kolchak to flee.
		Kolchak was captured by the Czechs who released him the Bolsheviks.
	www.angelfire.com /mn3/history101/cwar.html (650 words)

	The History of the Russian Navy. The Great War.
		Vice-Admiral Alexander Krieger tried to force the rebels to surrender but failed because of the unreliability of his own crews.
		Under Captain Alexander Pyshnov, the cruiser Ryurik severely damaged the German cruiser Rhoone, forcing it to withdraw.
		Lying at the pier, the Turkish steamship Irmingard was sunk during the bombardment.
	www.navy.ru /history/hrn11-e.htm (3337 words)

	Library of Congress Information Bulletin - February 5, 1996
		In the midst of the chaos of civil war, the Bolshevik leaders, thousands of miles away in the Kremlin, deemed it expedient to kill the Romanovs rather than risk their capture during evacuation to a safer place.
		Within days of their death, Adm. Alexander Kolchak's "white" army marched into Ekaterinburg and, by July 30, he ordered an investigation into the murders.
		The findings of the Sokolov Commission, comprising eight volumes and dozens of photographs, became important state documents for Kolchak's Siberian government and were carefully preserved through the chaos of war, the disorderly retreat to Eastern Siberia and the army's dispersal in the Far East.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/9602/romanov.html (1183 words)

	Carl Kolchak
		Set in Las Vegas, the resulting TV film turned out to be a near ideal mix of B-movie horror and humour, and at the time of its original airing it became the most highly-rated TV movie of all time, with a 33.2 rating and a 54 share.
		Some say it was because of mediocre ratings; others claim that Jeff Rice (the original creator of the Kolchak character, remember?) derailed the series when he sued the production company, allegedly because the TV show was done without his permission.
		Then in 2002, Moonstone Comics began to release a series of Kolchak graphic novels, including one issue that was adapted by Moonstone editor Joe Gentile from a legendary 'lost' TV episode script.
	www.thrillingdetective.com /eyes/kolchak.html (1418 words)

	Leon Trotsky - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By mid-1919, the Red Army had successfully defeated the White Army's spring offensive in the East and was about to cross the Urals mountains and enter Siberia in pursuit of Admiral Alexander Kolchak's forces.
		The leadership of the Eastern Front, including its commander Sergei Kamenev (a colonel in the imperial army, not to be confused with the Politburo member Lev Kamenev), and Eastern Front Revolutionary Military Council members Ivar Smilga, Mikhail Lashevich and Sergei Gusev vigorously protested and wanted to keep emphasis on the Eastern Front.
		Trotsky's conception of Permanent Revolution is based on his understanding, drawing on the work of the founder of Russian Marxism Georgy Plekhanov, that in 'backward' countries the tasks of the Bourgeois Democratic Revolution could not be achieved by the bourgeoisie itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trotsky (12383 words)

	Civil War, Lenin and the Rise of Stalin
		The anti-Bolshevik armies from other directions were not making attacks simultaneous with Kolchak's offensives, and Kolchak's forces could not hold against the full weight of the Red Army.
		The Red Army drove Kolchak's forces back, and Kolchak's army turned into a rabble of individuals solely concerned with their own survival - officers, wives and mistresses, hordes of soldiers and civilians, rushing eastward.
		From the south, but too late to be much help to Kolchak's army, an anti-Bolshevik force 150,000 strong, led by a former tsarist commander, Anton Denikin, drove the Bolsheviks out of the Caucasus region.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch11.htm (7640 words)

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