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Guardian | Alexander Yakovlev |
 | | Alexander Yakovlev, who has died in Moscow aged 81, was the most powerful - and most contradictory - intellectual in the top echelons of the Soviet Communist party in its final decade. |
 | | A short, plump, owlish figure, Yakovlev became the architect of Gorbachev's policy of non-intervention in eastern Europe, which was based on the hope that local communist parties could reform and liberalise (and even win multi-party elections). |
 | | Yakovlev denounced Bolshevism for "its fixation on keeping power at any cost, by force and unconstitutional means, if necessary" - an argument he elaborated in retirement, when he made it clear that he favoured the February 1917 revolution (which overthrew the tsar), but not the October revolution later that year. |
| www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,5313606-103610,00.html (952 words) |
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