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	Alexander Radishchev - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radishchev (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Ради́щев) (September 2, 1749 – September 24, 1802) was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under Catherine the Great.
		He brought the tradition of radicalism into Russian literature to prominence with the publication in 1790 of his Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
		Radishchev was born a minor noble and was very well educated and wealthy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Radishchev (209 words)

	Alexander Radishchev--Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow
		Alexander Radishchev (1749-1802) came from a moderately wealthy noble family with landholdings in Saratov Province.
		Radishchev's journey marks the first open condemnation of serfdom in Russian public life, and his overwrought emotional portrayals, drawing heavily on the style and motifs of pre-romantic sentimentalism, quickly drew the attention of Russian readers and the wrath of Catherine the Great.
		Alarmed by the radicalism of the French Revolution, Catherine saw in Radishchev's audacity a threat to the state and pronounced him "a rebel worse than Pugachev." Radishchev was arrested, tried and condemned to death, a sentence which Catherine commuted to 10 years exile in Siberia.
	artsci.shu.edu /reesp/documents/radishchev.htm (1349 words)

	Russian culture navigator
		Alexander Radishchev was born on August 20, 1749, into a well-to-do family of the gentry.
		Radishchev writes: "The laws of the supreme power are honored as instructions of tender parents given to their children.
		Radishchev returned to his estate in central Russia but was not restored either in his rank of gentleman or in civil rights.
	www.vor.ru /culture/cultarch83_eng.html (1217 words)

	Alexander Radishchev biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radishchev (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Ради́щев) (1749 – 1802) was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under Catherine the Great.
		He was educated in Leipzig and brought the tradition of social criticism in Russian literature to prominence with the publication in 1790 of his Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
		He was freed by Catherine's successor Tsar Paul, and attempted to push for the reforms in Russia's government, but was unsuccessful.
	aleksandr-nikolaevich-radishchev.biography.ms (184 words)

	Full TESINA
		One of the first 'philosophers' was Alexander Radishchev, a man who because of his condemnations of the evils of serfdom was considered a revolutionary and suffered exile in eastern Siberia.
		One could easily be of the opinion that Radishchev tended towards a form of under-developed semi-rationalism, through the influence of authors such as Leibniz, (Descartes), Aristotle and certain illuminists.
		Radishchev's conception of religion deserves a concluding comment: he appears to have preferred a semi-humanistic form of religion, without rites and stupid beliefs; religion should not degrade man who is by nature intelligent, but rather upgrade man, as the Radishchevian conception of the personal God might be interpreted to be saying.
	www.catholic-church.org /church-unity/rarp_s_e.htm (4617 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of Russians
		Alexander Ivanov (1806 - 1858) was a Russian painter who has become increasingly notable with the end of communism and opening of the iron curtain.
		Alexander Vasilievich Kuprin (Александр Васильевич Куприн) was a Russian painter, a member of the Jack of Diamond group.
		Alexander Beliaev (Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Беля́ев) (1884-1942) is a Russian author of science fiction whose body of work from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded Russian author in that field.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-Russians (6550 words)

	American RadioWorks presents: A Russian Journey
		Radishchev called this "might against right" and he mourned the fact Novogord could never be restored to its former glory.
		Radishchev was treated to baths and the comforts of so-called "lustful monsters" who stole travelers' money, health, and valuable travel time.
		Just as it was in Radishchev's time, alcoholism is Russia's curse—sociologists speculate its roots are frustration and despair—serfdom, socialism and the social upheaval of the past 10 years have all played their parts.
	americanradioworks.publicradio.org /features/russia/print.html (6047 words)

	A SPECIAL WAY TO REFORM IN RUSSIA
		Alexander II allowed the publication of works by British, French, and German political economists promoting policies that had been anathema under his predecessor.
		Over the next few years, others followed suit, including Alexander Radishchev, who affirmed that most Russians were worse off under her rule than before and that her innovations were a sham.
		So bitter was the opposition to Alexander I by the end of his reign that it led to the so-called Decembrist Uprising of young intellectuals in the army in 1825.
	users.ju.edu /jclarke/is300starr.htm (3834 words)

	Valery Pisigin Excerpt from: Voyage from Moscow to St. Petersburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Radishchev gave the first 25 copies to the book dealer Zotov, whom he knew, and a few days later - at the beginning of May - it began to be sold at Gostiny Dvor, in shops No. 15 and 16 of Cloth Row.
		Although Alexander Sergeevich also noted that "the book's content is well known" nonetheless in his own article he thought is necessary to remind the reader of what it was: "Radishchev wrote several sketches, gave each of them the name of a station on the road from Petersburg to Moscow in the table of contents.
		Pushkin began reading Radishchev's book in Chernaia Griaz, a small village near Moscow: Since he was traveling in the opposite direction, he began reading the book from the last chapter and thus forced Radishchev to travel wuh him from Moscow to Petersburg.
	www.eng.yabloko.ru /Books/Pisigin/pisigin-1.html (8008 words)

	Mikhail Speransky - TheBestLinks.com - Alexander I of Russia, Alexander II of Russia, 1839, 1812, ...
		Mikhail Speransky - TheBestLinks.com - Alexander I of Russia, Alexander II of Russia, 1839, 1812,...
		He was a friend of Alexander Radishchev and supported the transformation of Russia into a constitutional monarchy.
		In 1812 with the war with France Alexander was forced to remove Speransky to appease the nobles who were greatly needed for the war effort.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Mikhail_Speransky-bp-printable-v-yes-ep-.html (236 words)

	Road to Revolution
		Radishchev was arrested and handed over to a prosecutor infamous for his manhandling of prisoners.
		Among his papers were found poems which, in a dithyrambic style resembling that of Radishchev's ode 'Liberty,' urged the people 'to crush the walls of autocracy.' Another military man was overheard saying that all monarchs were 'tyrants and evildoers,' and that all men were equal, which earned him exile to Siberia.
		On 22 September, 1918, a statue of Radishchev was unveiled in the garden of the Winter Palace in Leningrad.
	www.ditext.com /yarmolinsky/yar1.html (4427 words)

	Imperial Russia
		Alexander I (1801-25) had a few quirks of his own, especially a fondness for mystical things, but fortunately he did not let them get in the way of running the country.
		Alexander's death caught the Decembrists without a plan for achieving their goals, but they acted anyway, feeling that it must be now or never.
		Alexander's most influential advisor was Konstantin Pobyedonostzev, the personal tutor of Alexander III and his son Nicholas II, and the procurator of the Holy Synod from 1880 to 1895.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /russia/ru02.html (10547 words)

	Hotels Russia - The Worlds Gateway to Russia
		The last seven years of Catherines reign were overshadowed by the French revolution, to which she responded by drastically tightening censorship and imprisoning Alexander Radishchev, who dared to attack the evils of serfdom in his book, 'A Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow'.
		The period was one in which a relatively mild political atmosphere bred tolerance, a lively involvement with cultural developments in the test of Europe and an outbreak of simultaneous creativity in all forms of art.
		Alexander Brulloff (Brullo until 1822, when the family name was changed according to Russian pronunciation) was a prominent architect, but also a very talented artist.
	www.hotelsrussia.net /sdp.aspx?pg=histspb7&src=f (5818 words)

	Radishchev's needle.
		Therein Radishchev advanced, in addition to moral arguments, an economic argument based on the proposition that people will be more productive when they fully enjoy all the fruits of their labours and less productive when they do not.
		The argument itself is not Radishchev's brainchild, being used by Mably in his work on Greek history which Radishchev translated into Russian.
		Radishchev's economic postulate seemingly presumed that the emancipation would be complete individual freedom, not simply freedom from the landlords leaving bondage to the commune still in place.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9529/radneed.htm (1981 words)

	List of Russians Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexander I of Russia, "Alexandet I the Blessed" (1777 - 1825), Russian, Polish ruler
		Alexander II of Russia, "Alexander II the Liberator" (1818 - 1881)
		Alexander III of Russia, "Alexander III the Peacemaker" (1845 - 1894)
	www.search-mesothelioma.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_russians.html (1126 words)

	Alexander Radishchev -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radishchev (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Ради́щев) (1749 – 1802) was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under (Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796)) Catherine the Great.
		His depiction of socio-economic conditions in Russia earned him exile to (A vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters) Siberia until 1797.
		He was freed by Catherine's successor Tsar ((New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an apostle) Paul, and attempted to push for the reforms in Russia's government, but was unsuccessful.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/alexander_radishchev.htm (263 words)

	Russi celebri: Tutte le informazioni su Russi celebri su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexander Lukich Ptushko (1882 - 1931), regista cinematografico
		Alexander Stepanovitch Popov (1859 - 1906), Marconi russo
		Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (1871 - 1915), compositore e pianista
	www.encyclopedia.it /r/ru/russi_celebri.html (799 words)

	Radishchev
		's audacity a threat to the state and pronounced him "a rebel worse than Pugachev." Radishchev was arrested, tried and condemned to death, a sentence which Catherine commuted to 10 years exile in Siberia.
		At the post station here I met a man who was on his way to Petersburg to present a petition.
		Radishchev apparently paraphrases the paragraph that follows from Herder's musings on censorship.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kimball/Rds.htm (3167 words)

	St Petersburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Towards the end of August 1999 I participated in a conference in St Petersburg, celebrating the 250th anniversary of the birth of the eighteenth-century Russian writer and thinker Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev (1749-1802).
		It was organised by Professors T.V Artemieva, N.D. Kochetkova, E.I. Krasikova and M.I. Mikeshin on behalf of various institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, notably those of Human Studies, the History of Ideas, the History of Science and Technology and of Russian Literature (Pushkin House).
		However, he cannot be held responsible for pictures, the commentaries in brackets and notes to pictures.
	ideashistory.org.ru /sschools/ss99/spb.htm (254 words)

	W4343: Imperial Russia
		Alexander Nevsky's victory of the Swedes on the Neva River
		He was released upon the accession of Paul I. Alexander Radishchev - His Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow exposes the injustices of serfdom and earned him the death sentence.
		Following the death of Catherine the Great, Radishchev was permitted to return and in 1801 served on the commission for the codification of laws.
	www.ccnmtl.columbia.edu /itc/history/wortman/courseref.html (4409 words)

	Destination Russia - 'LITERATORSKIE MOSTKI' CEMETERY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1802 the disgraced writer Alexander Radishchev was buried here (the grave no longer exists) and, in 1848 and 1861, the publicists and literary critics Vissarion Belinsky, Nikolai Dobrolyubov and Dmitry Pisarev were laid to rest in the cemetry.
		After the burial of the writer Vsevolod Garshin in 1888, the planked footway (mostki) leading to their graves came to be known as the Literatorskie Mostki.
		The tombs of the writers Ivan Turgenev, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ivan Goncharov, Nikolai Leskov, Alexander Kuprin, Vsevolod Garshin, Leonid Andreyev, Alexander Blok, Mikhail Lozinsky, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky and Olga Bergholz are all to be found in the Literatorskie Mostki Cemetery.
	www.destinationrussia.com /dr2/htm/spbLITERATORSKIE.asp (255 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Magazine
		There were those in Russia who were also disenchanted with Catherine’s autocratic rule, notably an intellectual elite who found in what they had heard of the American revolutionary experience a pattern for their own political and social ideals, and a strong contradiction to the unfortunate realities of Russian life.
		Foremost among this group, although an aristocrat and a member of the imperial Russian government under Catherine, was Alexander Radishchev, who penned a long ode to the young republic in the New World.
		One was a eulogy of his sovereign, Czar Alexander I, grandson of Catherine; the other a sympathetic account of the Cossacks, and each had an illustration after a drawing by the author.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1964/2/1964_2_49.shtml (2572 words)

	Atlas: Irkutsk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Some of the most famous names in Russian history were exiled to Irkutsk, where in the late 19th century up to a third of the city's population was comprised of exiles.
		Alexander Radishchev, Josef Stalin, Felix Dzerzhinsky, Sergei Kirov, Mikhail Frunze and Vyacheslav Molotov were all exiled to the area for varying amounts of time, as were participants in the Decembrists' uprising of 1825.
		In the late 19th century, gold was discovered in the nearby Lena Basin, and the Siberian Gold Rush began.
	www.f8.com /FP/Russia/Airku.html (238 words)

	RACC of Boston - Russian American History
		Alexander Radishchev publishes in 1790 "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow
		Russian Byzantine Scholar to come to America to study archives of Alexander Vassiliev- 1925-1953.
		Russian Byzantine Scholar, Alexander Vassiliev, to Wisconsin and Washington DC.
	www.raccboston.org /history.htm (988 words)

	ALEXANDER RADISHCHEV
		Alexander Radishchev 1749-1802 was a Russian author and social critic who was arrested and exiled under Catherine the Great.
		His education, however, lead him ot greatly dislike the Russia he saw around him.
		He was freed by Catherine's successor, he attempted to push for the reformation in of Russia's government, but was unsuccessful.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/ALEXANDER+RADISHCHEV (160 words)

	Cities
		Novosibirsk is city that prides itself on size: it is the third-largest city in Russia (the biggest city east of the Urals), has the biggest railway station along the trans-Siberian route, the biggest library in Siberia, and the biggest opera/ballet theater in all of Russia -- even bigger than Moscow's Bolshoy.
		Alexander Nevsky, while not the biggest, is considered one of the finest existing examples of pure Russian Orthodox architecture.
		In 1943, the Academy of Sciences opened up its Siberian branch in Novosibirsk, which signalled the beginning of the city's transformation into the educational hub of Siberian Russia.
	shrike.depaul.edu /~nlediaev/cities.htm (676 words)

	todd
		The manuscript, left by an anonymous traveler, proposes an end to the moral, psychological, and economic devastation occasioned by serfdom, and an end to hereditary nobility and court ranks.
		Finally, I invoke Radishchev because the vision for the future of this most radical of eighteenth-century Russian thinkers refracts with charming directness the author's own social position as a member of the non-hereditary nobility.
		We may be even more sure of another outcome: looking back at Radishchev, whose daring proposals for radical reform were steadily overtaken and made obsolete by historical events, we may surmise that my own projects for the future will be realized and surpassed in changed curricula and unfolding research projects.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/6-1/html/todd.html (5643 words)

	Syllabus: History 106 (UNLV)
		Alexander Radishchev, Journey from Moscow to St. Petersburg [1790] (Cambridge, MA, 1958).
		Patricia Grimsted, The Foreign Ministers of Alexander I: Poliotical Attitudes and the Conduct of Russian Diplomacy, 1801-1825 (Berkeley, 1969).
		Alexander Martin, Romantics, reformers, Reactionaries: Russian Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I (DeKalb, 1997).
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/pwerth/421.html (4449 words)

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