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Topic: Alexander of Poland

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Wladislaus III of Poland

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	Alexander of Poland - LoveToKnow 1911
		ALEXANDER (1461-1506), king of Poland and grandduke of Lithuania, fourth son of Casimir IV., king of Poland, was elected grand-duke of Lithuania on the death of his father in 1492, and king of Poland on the death of his brother John Albert in 1501.
		During his reign Poland suffered much humiliation from the attempts of her subject principalities, Prussia and Moldavia, to throw off her yoke.
		In Alexander the characteristic virtues of the Jagiellos, patience and generosity, degenerated into slothfulness and extravagance.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alexander_Of_Poland (236 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Alexander Palace (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Alexander Palace was constructed in the Imperial retreat of Tsarskoe Selo.
		Alexander, in fact, who, without being consciously tyrannical, possessed in full measure the tyrant's characteristic distrust of men of ability and independent judgment, lacked also the first requisite for a reforming sovereign: confidence in his people; and it was this want that vitiated such reforms as were actually realized.
		Alexander, indeed, assisted Napoleon in the war of 1809, but he declared plainly that he would not allow the Austrian Empire to be crushed out of existence; and Napoleon complained bitterly of the inactivity of the Russian troops during the campaign.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alexander-Palace (1483 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Alexander of Poland
		Alexander (1461-1506), king of Poland and grand- duke of Lithuania, fourth son of Casimir IV, king of Poland, was elected grand-duke of Lithuania on the death of his father in 1492, and king of Poland on the death of his brother John Albert[?] in 1501.
		Thus, for want of funds, Alexander was unable to assist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Czar Ivan III from ravaging Lithuania with the Tatars.
		During his reign Poland suffered much humiliation from the attempts of her subject principalities, Russia and Moldavia, to throw off her yoke.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/al/Alexander_of_Poland (238 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father (1492), and King of Poland on the death of his brother Jan I Olbracht (1501).
		For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.
		It is important to note that Alexander Jagellon was the last known ruler of the Gediminids dynasty to have maintained the family's ancestral Lithuanian language.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Alexander_of_Poland (330 words)

	Alexander of Poland - Definition, explanation
		Alexander the Jagiellonian (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellonczyk, Lithuanian: Aleksandras Jogailaitis) (1461-1506), king of Poland and grand-duke of Lithuania, fourth son of Casimir IV, king of Poland, was elected grand-duke of Lithuania on the death of his father in 1492, and king of Poland on the death of his brother John Albert in 1501.
		Thus, for want of funds, Alexander was unable to assist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Lithuania with the Tatars.
		During his reign Poland suffered much humiliation from the attempts of her subject principality, Moldavia, to throw off her yoke.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alexander_of_poland.php (312 words)

	Alexander (disambiguation)
		Alexander Balas, ruler of the Seleucid kingdom of Syria between 150 and 146 BC
		Alexander I of Russia, (1777–1825), emperor of Russia
		Alexander III of Russia, (1845 – November 1, 1894), emperor of Russia
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DAlexander%26type%3Den (554 words)

	Alexander (disambiguation) Information
		Alexander Balas, ruler of the Seleucid kingdom of Syria between 150 and 146 BC
		Alexander I of Russia, (1777–1825), emperor of Russia
		Alexander III of Russia, (1845 – November 1, 1894), emperor of Russia
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Alexander_(disambiguation) (511 words)

	Poland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1505 the gentry forced King Alexander (reigned 1501–6) to recognize the legislative power of the Sejm, or diet, which comprised a senate (made up of representatives of the landed magnates and of the high clergy) and a chamber (consisting of the deputies of the nobility and of the gentry).
		In 1697 the elector of Saxony was chosen king of Poland as Augustus II by a minority faction supported by Czar Peter I. Augustus allied himself with Russia and Denmark against Charles XII of Sweden.
		The Sovietization of Poland was accelerated; in 1949, Soviet Marshall Konstantin Rokossovsky was made minister of defense and commander in chief of the Polish army.
	www.bartleby.com /65/po/Poland.html (4078 words)

	Alexander Hornemann (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alexander, the son of Philip and Elizabeth Hornemann, was born in Eindhoven, Holland, on May 31, 1936.
		Alexander's father and the rest of the Jewish employees were sent to Vught, a Dutch concentration camp, where they were put to work in a Philips operation that employed over 3,000 of the prisoners.
		Alexander and his brother remained with their mother and were sent to the women's barracks.
	www.graceproducts.com /fmnc/halexand.htm (342 words)

	The Czaplic family
		Marcin's son Alexander (d.c.1660), owner of Beresko, was a Member of the Diet, 1638 and 1645, and sponsored Andrzej Wiszowaty as minister on his estates.
		It was probably the Alexander Czaplic (d.c.1664), son of Jerzy and Taszycka, who in 1631, as part of a group of Unitarian nobles from Ukraine and Wołyń, studied in the Netherlands.
		Together with his father, Alexander was the patron of the Kisielin congregation, though his initially minor role can be inferred from the fact that he was not named by the Catholic authorities in the lawsuit of 1640.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/czaplicfamily2.html (1902 words)

	b. Poland. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Poland in the 19th century is difficult to characterize, since it was split among three countries that developed differently.
		Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia created the DUCHY OF WARSAW, a constitutional state based on the French model, including the introduction of the Napoleonic Code.
		Nationalist hopes remained pinned on the kingdom of Poland, where a constitution provided for a Sejm (parliament), a separate administration and army, and official use of the Polish language.
	www.bartelby.com /67/1267.html (587 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ALEXANDER JAGELLON: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		They were admitted into Poland by Alexander's brother King John Albert, and remained in Ratno and vicinity until 1503, when they again returned to Lithuania by the order of Alexander.
		As it was difficult for him to banish them from Poland owing to their wealth, their great numbers, and the protection of the influential Polish nobility, he found it politic to "permit" them to return to Lithuania.
		In their turn the Jews had the right to collect all outstanding debts not paid to them at the time of their banishment; they were obliged to furnish 1,000 horsemen for the army, and to pay a considerable annual amount to the authorities.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1143&letter=A (814 words)

	Ukraine: the orange revolution - openDemocracy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whatever the result of the 26 March parliamentary elections, Ukraine after the orange revolution is moving towards normal democratic politics not back to authoritarianism, says Alexander J Motyl.
		The Ukrainian revolution has catapulted Poland into the leadership of the European Union and released a new political dynamic across the region, says Marek Matraszek.
		Poland is the largest of the ten states joining the European Union on 1 May 2004.
	www.opendemocracy.net /debates/debate-3-121.jsp (481 words)

	Leo Tolstoy : War and Peace : Chapter I
		According to their accounts a reaction took place at that time in Russia also, and the chief culprit was Alexander I, the same man who according to them was the chief cause of the liberal movement at the commencement of his reign, being the savior of Russia.
		But even if we assume that fifty years ago Alexander I was mistaken in his view of what was good for the people, we must inevitably assume that the historian who judges Alexander will also after the lapse of some time turn out to be mistaken in his view of what is good for humanity.
		The activity of Alexander or of Napoleon cannot be called useful or harmful, for it is impossible to say for what it was useful or harmful.
	www.classicreader.com /read.php/sid.1/bookid.92/sec.338 (721 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - If the Soviets Invade Poland - Alexander Alexiev, A. Ross Johnson and S. Enders Wimbush
		The Polish Crisis of 1980 and the Politics of Survival.
		The first deals with the complicated domestic balance in Poland while the second points out the high costs that the Soviets would have to pay for intervening.
		The most interesting, and least transient, is the third, which provides fresh materials on the military establishments of Poland, East Germany and Czechoslovakia.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19810301fabook12928/alexander-alexiev-a-ross-johnson-s-enders-wimbush/if-the-soviets-invade-poland.html (199 words)

	Madame Alexander 8" Poland #580 Doll - CM-406
		This pretty doll is the Poland Madame Alexander doll from the original owner's collection.
		She is part of the International Series by Madame Alexander.
		The label on the end of her box is the Madame Alexander logo label and is stamped "Poland - 580".
	www.rubylane.com /shops/tottysantiques/item/CM-406 (276 words)

	Kielce-Radom SIG Journal - Volume One (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Compiled by Alexander Beider, over two thousand surnames are given, along with their sources: specific Yizkor books, and the number of voters with that surname in each district.
		Compiled by Alexander Beider, nearly two thousand surnames are given, along with their sources: specific Yizkor books, and the number of voters with that surname in each district.
		Compiled by Alexander Beider, nearly three thousand surnames are given, along with their sources: specific Yizkor books, and the number of voters with that surname in each district.
	www.jewishgen.org /krsig/YearOne.html (1816 words)

	Jadwiga of Poland at AllExperts
		In Poland, however, the lords of Lesser Poland (Poland's virtual rulers) did not want to continue the personal union with Hungary, nor to accept Mary's fiancÃ© Sigismund as regent, whom they expelled from the country.
		On display next to the sarcophagus are the modest wooden orb and scepter with which the queen had been buried (she had sold her jewels to finance the renovation of the Jagiellonian University).
		Despite widespread veneration for Jadwiga in Poland, it was only on June 8, 1979, that Pope John Paul II prayed at her sarcophagus; and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments officially affirmed her beatification on August 8, 1986.
	en.allexperts.com /e/j/ja/jadwiga_of_poland.htm (1673 words)

	Coins & Medals of Imperial Russia: Alexander I
		Alexander led the successful coalition war against Napoleon, following the French invasion of Russia in 1812.
		Alexander I was the most enigmatic of Russia’s rulers.
		Yet he granted constitutions to Poland and Finland, and freed the serfs in the Baltic provinces.
	www.library.yale.edu /slavic/coins/html/alexander1.html (240 words)

	RamblinWreck.com :: Athletics :: Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets :: Official Athletic Site
		Poland is now a successful west coast real estate developer and a valued member of the Georgia Tech family, but as a freshman from Texas in the early 1960's, he was quite unsure of himself when he arrived in Atlanta.
		Poland was also president of both the senior class and his fraternity, Sigma Nu.
		Poland's assistance is recognized in the form of the Poland Family Gate, which greets visitors on the northwest corner of the stadium.
	ramblinwreck.cstv.com /ot/alexander/geot-donor-profile-poland.html (663 words)

	Inside a Nazi Death Camp, 1944
		As the allied armies raced towards final victory, advancing troops liberated the camps one-by-one, revealing the horrors of the Nazi concept of establishing a "pure" society.
		Alexander Werth, a correspondent for the London Sunday Times and the BBC, accompanied the Soviet troops and described the camp a month after its capture.
		Prisoners were often identified by a different colored triangle on their uniform: red for political prisoner, yellow for Jew, pink for homosexual, fl for the asocial or "work-shy", purple for Jehovah Witnesses, and green for criminals.
	www.eyewitnesstohistory.com /maidanek.htm (1033 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Poland - Congress Poland, 1830-1863 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1825, Czar Alexander died and was succeeded by Czar Nicholas, an opponent of liberalism, who abrogated the Polish Kingdom's constitution and replaced it by an oppressive administration.
		The SEJM demanded the Czar to restore Poland's constitution and to reunite Poland and Lithuania.
		Cum Primum, Encyclica of Pope Gregory XVI to the clergy of the Kingdom of Poland, June 9th 1832, to combat the error of some who under the pretext of religion were inciting disobedience and rebellion against civil authority.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/eceurope/pol183063.html (841 words)

	Russia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the northwest; Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuania in the west; Georgia and Azerbaijan in the southwest; and Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and North Korea along the southern border.
		During the reign of Alexander I (1801–1825), Napoléon's attempt to subdue Russia was defeated (1812–1813), and new territory was gained, including Finland (1809) and Bessarabia (1812).
		The USSR's tightening control over a cordon of Communist states, running from Poland in the north to Albania in the south, was dubbed the “iron curtain” by Churchill and would later lead to the Warsaw Pact.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107909.html (3167 words)

	Papers Relating to the Scots in Poland (1576 - 1798) - The original records of those Scots in Poland known as the ...
		Lublin, the capital of the province of that name, one of the most fertile parts of Poland, is an ancient town, and, in the seventeenth century, was a very important trade centre, being on the high road from Dantzig to Hungary, and, therefore, to the near East.]
		Alexander Czamer, of whom mention is made in another part of the present book, was four times Burgomaster of Warsaw.
		Alexander Chalmers married Christina Lang, who owed money to Alexander Ross in 1702 and again in 1712.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/poland/lublin2.htm (970 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mohileff
		As in the first partition of Poland none of the old Polish sees fell to Russia, the empress decided to found a diocese for her Latin Catholic subjects, and to exclude all foreign priests from Russia.
		He granted unlawful divorces for money, induced Alexander I, Paul's successor, to expel the nuncio (who had reported to Rome the archbishop's unscrupulous conduct), and did not enter the feeblest protest against the expulsion of the Jesuits from the capital in 1815, and from Russia in 1820.
		Antonius Fialkowski (1871-83); Alexander Casimir Dziewaltowski Gintowt (1883-9); Simon Martin Kozlowski (1891-9); Boleslaw Hieronymous Klopotowskli (1901-03); George Joseph Elesäus a Slupóff Szembek (1903-5); Appolinaris Waukowski (1909), and Vincentius Kluczn'ski (appointed 5 June, 1910).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10428a.htm (1330 words)

	ChessBase.com - Chess News - The remarkable Alexander Morozevich wins Biel
		The tournament was won in fine style by the mercurial Alexander Morozevich, who recovered from two losses to his main rival Magnus Carlsen, to go through the rest of the field like a hot knife through butter.
		Apart from the Carlsen games and a final round draw Morozevich won all the rest of his games, played some of the most exciting chess we have seen this year.
		Alexander Morozevich of Russia vs Lazaro Bruzon Bautista of Cuba
	www.chessbase.com /newsdetail.asp?newsid=3271 (484 words)

	MyDD :: Bush's Poland crutch lasts only until the election
		And it's not that long until both Poland and Britain are going to pull out of Iraq as well-- they are just waiting till after the election.
		Poland is planning to withdraw its troops from Iraq in the coming months, dealing another blow to the US-led coalition forces there...
		Poland wasn't with the group that went "in" to Iraq.
	www.mydd.com /story/2004/10/1/163423/291 (771 words)

	Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology, and Atrocity (Modern War Studies): Current Amazon U.S.A. One-Edition Data (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He particularly investigates the links between Nazi racial-political policies and military action to show that Poland was merely the German army's dress rehearsal for the later slaughter of other Slavs and Jews during the Russian campaign.
		Hitler Strikes Poland is a startling reconstruction of history that clearly reveals the extent to which Nazi philosophy drove the German war machine.
		Alexander B. Rossino is a research historian at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
	www.halloween.com /halloween-books/free.php?in=us&asin=0700612343 (756 words)

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