Alexander-Jannaeus

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	Alexander Jannaeus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexander Jannaeus was the first of the Jewish kings to introduce the "eight-ray star" or "eight-spoked wheel" symbol, in his bronze "Widow's mite" coins, in combination with the wide-spread Seleucid numismatic symbol of the anchor.
		The coinage of Alexander Jannaeus is characteristic of the early Jewish coinage in that it avoided human or animal representations, in opposition to the surrounding Greek, and later Roman types of the period.
		Alexander Jannaeus may have been in close relation with the monastic Essenes at some point, who were probably allies during his fight against the Pharisees.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus (1068 words)

	ALEXANDER (I.-VIII.) - LoveToKnow Article on ALEXANDER (I.-VIII.)
		ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OBRENOVICH) (1876-1903), king of Servia, was born on the i4th of August 1876.
		ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (1800-1860), American biblical scholar, the third son of Archibald Alexander, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 24th of April 1809.
		ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772-1851), American Presbyterian divine, was born, of Scottish-Irish descent, in that part of Augusta county which is now Rockbridge county, Virginia, on the i7th of April 1772.
	90.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALEXANDER_I_VIII_.htm (4545 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ALEXANDRA
		During the reign of Alexander, who married her shortly after his accession, Alexandra seemed to have wielded only slight political influence, as is evidenced by the hostile attitude of the king to the Pharisees.
		That Alexandra, the widow of Aristobulus I., was identical with her who married his brother Alexander Jannæus, is nowhere explicitly stated by Josephus, who no doubt took it for granted that the latter performed the levirate marriage prescribed by the law for the widow of a childless brother deceased.
		She succeeded especially in quieting the vexatious internal dissensions of the kingdom that existed at the time of Alexander's death; and she did this peacefully and without detriment to the political relations of the Jewish state to the outside world.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1167&letter=A (1024 words)

	JANNAEUS ALEXANDER
		JANNAEUS, ALEXANDER, the second of the Asmonaean kings of Judea; reigned in the beginning of the century before Christ; insulted the Jews by profaning the rites of their religion, and roused a hostility against him which was appeased only by his death, the news of which was received with expressions of triumphant exultation.
	simplestartpage.com /2305J_JANNAEUS-ALEXANDER.HTML (53 words)

	From Hyrcanus to Salome Alexandra
		Alexander puts to death one of his brothers, who is a potential rival for the throne, but allows the other brother, Absalom, to live, since he has no such ambition.
		Alexander brings these opponents to Jerusalem, where he crucifies some 800 of them and, while they are dying, kills their wives and children before their eyes.
		Alexander's own subjects are not entirely pleased with his rule.This becomes clear when, once during his officiating at the Festival of Tabernacles, the celebrants pelted him with the kitrons that they hold as part of the ritual.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist4.htm (3481 words)

	The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics
		Under Aristobulus' brother, Alexander Jannaeus, the Jewish kingdom reached its zenith, stretching from Panias to Beer-Sheba, from the Mediterranean coast to the east bank of the Jordan (Transjordan).
		One has an anchor surrounded by a Greek inscription "King Alexander" combined with a sun-wheel containing an ancient Hebrew inscription "Yehonatan Hamelech" (Alexander Jannaeus the King) between the spokes.
		Jannaeus' widow, Salome Alexandra, reigned from 76-67 BCE, but no coins have been attributed to her...
	www.amuseum.org /book/page5.html (564 words)

	Queen Alexandra
		Hyrcanus I (nephew of Judah Maccabee) -> Aristobulus I, Antigonus, Alexander Jannaeus;
		And she made Alexander Jannaeus king, who was the superior in age and in moderation.
		NOW Alexander left the kingdom to Alexandra his wife, and depended upon it that the Jews would now very readily submit to her, because she had been very averse to such cruelty as he had treated them with, and had opposed his violation of their laws, and had thereby got the good-will of the people.
	members.aol.com /FLJOSEPHUS/QueenAlexandra.htm (4019 words)

	maccabees_chart.htm
		Aristobulus II was one of two sons of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandria.
		was the wife of Alexander Jannaeus, and only the second queen to rule over the Jews in their history.
		Jannaeus executed those who had opposed him, including a mass crucifixion of 800 Jews (possibly Pharisees) whose wives and children were slaughtered before them as they hung on the cross.
	www.cbhs.org /rmartin/resources/maccabees_chart.htm (1538 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - SIMEON BEN SHEṬAḤ:
		About this time certain Parthian envoys came to Alexander's court and were invited to the king's table, where they noticed the absence of Simeon, by whose wisdom they had profited at previous visits.
		The attitude of Alexander Jannæus toward the Pharisees, however, soon underwent a change; and they were again compelled to flee, even Simeon himself being obliged to go into hiding (Ber.
		Teacher of the Law and president of the Sanhedrin during the reigns of Alexander Jannæus and his successor, Queen Alexandra (Salome).
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=768&letter=S (768 words)

	Alexander Jannaeus
		Alexander's forces were crushed at Shechem [88 BCE].
		Released by his widowed sister-in-law, Salome, whom he married, Alexander conquered cities on the Mediterranean coast from Gaza to Carmel and extended Judean control to Gadara across the Jordan.
		Rather than accept their aid, Alexander sought vengeance against the rebels by crucifying 800 Pharisees.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/religion/arcproj/judean/janna_ct.html (207 words)

	Uri's page-Ancient & Judaean coins
		ALEXANDER JANNAEUS, 103-76 B.C. Bronze prutah, S-6087.Obverse : Anchor with a Greek legend translating to "KING ALEXANDER" around.Reverse : Diadem within which is an eight rayed star, with the Hebrew legend translating to "YEHONATAN THE KING' between the rays of the star.
		Alexander the Great annexed Judaea into the Macedonian Kingdom in 332 B.C. Upon his death general Ptolemy was appointed governor of the region and ruled under the name of the Macedonian Kingdom until 305 B.C., when he declared himself king and established the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
		During the later years of Alexander's life, and continuing down to 305 B.C., coins based on the Macedonian issues of Alexander were struck at several mints in the region, and probably would have circulated freely in Judaea.
	www.geocities.com /uripi/ancien.html (2921 words)

	Alexander - Wikipedia
		Alexander Jannaeus king of the Jews 103 B.C. Alexander of Aphrodisias Greek commentator
		Alexander Balas ruler of the Greek kingdom of Syria 150-146 B.C. Alexander Cornelius Greek grammarian
		Pope Alexander VII pope from 1655 to 1667
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander (195 words)

	Excerpta Latina Barbari - translation
		Alexander of Macedonia, the founder, reigned after Darius the Mede, the son of Alsames, for 8 years.
		Alexander the son of Philippus began to rule the Macedonians in the 111th Olympiad.
		When he was close to death, Alexander left a testament, that each of his officers should rule in their individual provinces, as Alexander had instructed, as follows.
	www.attalus.org /translate/barbari.html (2196 words)

	Graphical History: Egypt - Judah - Syria
		A leading theory is that it was Alexander Jannaeus or, according to another view, it was Yehuda Aristobulus I. Three men from the Hasmonean dynasty were known by the name of Aristobulus.
		Aristobulus I was the ruler of Judea from 104-103 BC, Aristobulus II, sone of Alexander Jannaeus, from 67-64 BC, Aristobulus III, grandson of Aristobulus II, was the last of the line and died in 35 BC, probably put to death by the order of Herod.
		Archaeologists found a coin from the time of Alexander Jannaeus in the mortar of the summer 2005 discovered Pool of Siloam where Jesus healed the blind man.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /ejs3.html (737 words)

	Widow's Mite Jewelry
		After the death of Jannaeus in 76 B.C., his Queen, Salome Alexandra ruled until her sons, Hyrcanus II, and Aristobulus II were old enough to rule.
		Alexander's reason to conquer this area and also Egypt, was to keep from getting flanked on the way to the real prize, the Persian Empire.
		Jannaeus neglected his religious duties, and surrounded himself with opulence and his Hellenization of the area disturbed many.
	hospice.xtn.net /mite.htm (1542 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty
		In the year 94 BC, at the Feast of Tabernacles, Alexander (who was also the High Priest, and thus was officiating in the Temple during this feast) decided to perform an act which would display his contempt for the Pharisees and their strict, legalistic observance of the letter of the Law.
		Alexander then ordered his soldiers to take them all captive, and while he and his concubines reclined on couches and got drunk he had all 800 Pharisees crucified in front of him.
		Alexander, in turn, ordered his troops to attack the worshippers, and hundreds were slaughtered in the Temple.
	www.zianet.com /maxey/Inter4.htm (1761 words)

	orion Alexander Jannaeus
		Alexander Jannaeus, I suggest, was the (or a) "wicked priest" of Qumran mss.
		Even if read correctly as praising Alexander, that could have been in the early days before he was seen to fall from truth and may have been kept either because of the psalm(s) on the same surface or from the ambiguity of the reading.
		Alexander is known to have had military campaigns east of the Jordan River, including in an area called Kohlit.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1997b/msg00627.html (425 words)

	The Nabatean Kings
		Obodas I ascended the throne in 90 BCE and defeated Alexander Jannaeus in a battle on the Golan Heights-probably the key to the Nabatean return to the Negev.
		Aretas 11 was a contemporary of the Hasmonean king Alexander Jannaeus, whose expansionist policies were a direct threat to the Nabatean kingdom.
		Alexander was succeeded by his wife Shlomtzion; after her death, her sons Hyrcanus and Aristobolus fought over the throne, which the latter finally ascended.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/nabkings.html (657 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty
		Under Alexander Jannaeus, the Jewish nation grew to about the size it had been in the legendary time of Kings David and Solomon.
		Jannaeus publicly expressed his contempt for the Pharisees, leading to a riot and civil war that continued until Jannaeus died.
		On this example, the name of Alexander on the obverse is off the flan, and the Hebrew letters on the reverse are nearly worn away.
	www.electriciti.com /garstang/judaean/hasmonean.htm (1015 words)

	Re: [Megillot] Jonathan: 4Q448
		It seems to me that your methodology is somewhat flawed, as you are on record as interpreting 4Q448 as (a) antagonistic toward Alexander Jannaeus, or (b) favorable towards Alexander Jannaeus, but written before this alleged Wicked Priest had fallen from favor with the sectarians.
		And I rather imagine that if Jannaeus, as Wicked Priest, had sought to attack the Teacher at Qumran (Pesher Habakkuk recording an attempt on the Teacher at his "house of exile"), that Qumran would have been flattened overnight.
		Essenes according to your view), then condemned as Wicked Priest, there is no historical evidence that Jannaeus was ever aligned with the Essenes.
	www.mail-archive.com /g-megillot@mcmaster.ca/msg00153.html (546 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hesebon
		Alexander Jannaeus (106-79 B.C.) took it, and made it a Jewish town, and Herod established a fort there (Josephus, Ant., XV, viii, 5).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07298b.htm (500 words)

	CHANUKAH GELT -- The American Israel Numismatic Association
		The design of this coin was so popular among the Jewish people that it was copied and used during the long reign of the later Hasmonaean king, Alexander Jannaeus,103-76 B.C., the great nephew of Judah Maccabee.
		Taking advantage of the weakness of the last Seleucid kings, Jannaeus achieved political and religious independence from Syria but he later turned into a tyrant who was hated by his own people.
		These 'copy-cat' coins were really propaganda pieces to affirm Jannaeus' independence and to remind the nation of his glorious ancestry.
	amerisrael.com /articles_chanukah_gelt_4.html (606 words)

	Subject Index Page 3. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Alexander I, king of Serbia and of Yugoslavia
		Alexander I Karageorgevich, regent and later king of Serbia
		See Alexander III (the Great), king of Macedonia.
	www.bartleby.com /67/s3.html (460 words)

	Problems in the Church (This Rock: April 2001)
		Alexander Jannaeus, who was a Sadducee, followed the Sadducee custom in performing the ritual, but the Pharisees were so popular at the time that the people became enraged, tore the citrons off their luabs, and pelted Alexander with them in the middle of the liturgy.
		In Alexander Jannaeus's day, one of the customs for celebrating Tabernacles was for the people to bring luabs to the Temple and wave them in celebration.
		Admittedly, they showed remarkably limited judgment by throwing fruit at Alexander, knowing he was not only a priest but also a totalitarian monarch who, like most of us, wouldn't take kindly to being the target of a hailstorm of oversized lemons.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/2001/0104bt.asp (1742 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Ancient: Appendix III
		Alexander Jannaeus, 103-76 BC Salome Alexandra promptly ordered the release from prison of Alexander Jannaeus, Judas Aristobulus' oldest brother and proceeded to marry him and advance him to the roles of King and High Priest.
		Alexander Zabinus captured and killed Demetrius II in 126 BC at Tyre, but he was unsuccessful in his bid for the Seleucid thone.
		Alexander Zabinus, an Egyptian, opposed Demetrius II claiming to be the legitimate heir of Antiochus VII--or Alexander Balas, according to some.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht3463aa03.html (9844 words)

	Ancient Jewish Coins Related to the Works of Josephus
		Alexander's empire was divided after his death among his generals, with Ptolemy taking Egypt and Seleucus ruling Syria.
		Alexander was succeeded by his wife Alexandra (ruled 76-67 BCE).
		The younger of Alexander and Alexandra's two sons, Aristobulus, seized the crown from his elder brother.
	members.aol.com /fljosephus/coins.htm (5025 words)

	Index of names: Al - Am
		76/17 erodes, is appointed by Alexander Jannaeus to be governor of Idumae
		94/12 Alexander Jannaeus kills 50,000 of his Jewish subjects during a reb
		81/68 etter from Sulla authorising Alexander of Laodiceia, envoy of the
	www.attalus.org /names/Al.html (2360 words)

	maccabee
		Elder son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra.
		Younger son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra.
		Jannaeus was the first Jewish ruler to use the title "King" on his coins and was the first to mint Bi-lingual Jewish coins.
	home1.gte.net /~vze3xycv/RulersCoins/maccabeePic.htm (620 words)

	Description of Alexander Jannaeus Coins
		This could be a symbol of Alexander Jannaeus' position as ruler and member of the monarchy.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/religion/arcproj/judean/janna_cn.html (115 words)

	Seleucids
		Alexander Jannaeus 103-76; brother of Aristobulus I; married to Salome Alexandra.
		He was king in Cyprus from 107-88; defeated Alexander Jannaeus in 103.
		Ptolemy VI Cleopatra Thea, daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II (married to Alexander Balas in 150, Demetrius II in 146, and Antiochus VII in 138; mother of Antiochus VIII)
	prophetess.lstc.edu /~rklein/Documents/seleucids.htm (495 words)

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