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	Bienvenue sur le site de
		Columelle : de l'agriculture : livre VII (bilingue)
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	remacle.org (2743 words)

	VietnamJournal - Vietnam Journal
		De Rhodes was born in 1593, 7 in the papal territory of Avignon in France, to which his ancestors, converted Jews, had migrated from Spain.
		De Rhodes is not unaware of the fact that some of his own religious convictions may appear to the Cochinchinese and Tonkinese to be as irrational as their convictions are to him.
		De Rhodes was also familiar by this time with the methods of the religious and philosophical leaders in Cochinchina and Tonkin; he knew how heavily the Confucian apologists in particular relied on logical, systematic reasoning in their philosophical and theological disputations, and he knew how to confute their arguments, using the same technique.
	www.vietnamjournal.org /article.php?sid=124 (7491 words)

	Mary In Vietnamese Piety And Theology
		When Alexandre de Rhodes was sent back to Rome in 1645 to request for more personnel and material assistance for his society’s mission in China, he conceived the bold idea of having a hierarchy established in Vietnam, with bishops appointed as “vicars apostolic,” directly responsible to the Propaganda Fide, to bypass the Portuguese padroado.
		Furthermore, de Rhodes is not satisfied with a mere doctrinal presentation of Mary to the catechumens.
		Secondly, in a move reminiscent of Matteo Ricci’s attempt at inculturation, de Rhodes was concerned with adopting the typically Asian kow-tow to express the Christian sentiments of worship and reverence.
	members.cox.net /vientrietdao/bao/marypiety.html (7966 words)

	Alexandre de Rhodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Alexandre de Rhodes was born in Avignon in 1591 and entered the Jesuits in 1612.
		De Rhodes is well known for developing the Romanized form of writing called "quoc ngu" (national language).
		Rhodes went on to work in Persia, with such success that his funeral was attended by the Shah.
	www.manresa-sj.org /stamps/1_Rhodes.htm (132 words)

	[No title]
		The period of 1651-1884 was marked by the epoch-making pioneer efforts of Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660), who in addition to writing a Latin-Vietnamese Catechism, authored a trilingual volume, Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (Rhodes 1951).
		Alexandre de Rhodes' role as codifier of the novel script was later capably emulated by several generations of Catholic priests, all eager ro perfect quoc-ngu into a convenient tool in the evangelization of the country.
		Among those there was even the Bishop of Adran, Msgr Pigneau de Behaine 1772, upon whose manuscript Bishop Taberb 1838 later built his excellence bidirectional Vietnamese-Latin and Latin-Vietnamese dictionary, which mirrored changes in the language in the second half of the 17th century as foundation of a later work by Theurel 1877.
	www.saigon.com /~nguyent/hoa_06.html (577 words)

	Alexander de Rhodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Father Alexander de Rhodes born at Avignon, France 15 March 1591; died at Isfahan, Persia, 5 November 1660.
		Alexander de Rhodes entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus at Rome on 24 April 1612 to dedicate his life to missionary work.
		Rhodes of Viet Nam: The Travels and Missions of Father Alexander de Rhodes in China and Other Kingdoms of the Orient (English translation published in 1966).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexandre_de_Rhodes (466 words)

	RHODES, Alexandre de, Relation des progrez de la foy au royaume de la cochinchine vers les derniers quartiers du levant. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Rhodes, who earned the favorable opinion of Louis XIV, is often heralded as the founder of Vietnamese Christianity, and remembered for his important dictionary of Latinized Vietnamese.
		408) Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660) was born in Avignon, entered the novitiate in Rome, was ordained in 1618 and shortly thereafter went on his first mission.
		Eventually, the animosity of the local ruler led to the ejection of all the missionaries, and in 1630, Rhodes was back in Macao, where he taught theology for ten years and baptized 6700 converts.
	www.polybiblio.com /marta/3475.html (517 words)

	The introduction of quoc ngu into Vietnam - The transcendetal death of Mr. Nguyen Van Vinh
		Alexandre de Rhodes (born at Avignon in 1591; died at Ispahan, Persia, in 1660), who spent six years in Vietnam (1624 - 1630) for his catholic missions, had done a lot to introduce a system of Roman writing into Vietnamese language.
		When his coffin arrived by train at Hanoi, thousands of Hanoians were waiting in a solemn silence at the main gate of the Central Railway Station to bid farewell to the man whose talent and tireless effort had made "quoc ngu" really become their written language.
		It is in homage to these two great men, Alexandre de Rhodes and Nguyen Van Vinh, that the painting "The Introduction of Roman Writing into Vietnam (The Transcendental Death of Mr.
	rarfaxp.riken.go.jp /~dang/rhodes_motive.html (714 words)

	Vietnam War - Who's Who in the Anciet History of Vietnam
		Alexandre de Rhodes, a Jesuit missionary, was the first Frenchman in Vietnam when he arrived in 1619.
		After a stay in the Portuguese colony in Macau, de Rhodes returned to southern Vietnam in 1640, staying until 1646 when he was condemned to death.
		The sentence was commuted to permanent exile and de Rhodes returned to Europe.
	www.vietnamwar.com /whoswho.htm (4262 words)

	MEMOIRES DE SIAM - LES MISSIONNAIRES
		En 1652, le père Alexandre de Rhodes, infatigable missionnaire qui a obtenu d’estimables succès au Tonkin, publie l’« Histoire du royaume de Tonkin et des grands progrès que la prédication de l’Evangile y a fait depuis l’année 1627 jusques à l’année 1646.
		Le retentissement du livre d’Alexandre de Rhodes est considérable et suscite de nombreuses vocations, notamment chez les « Bons Amis » de Paris.
		Ce sont de jeunes ecclésiastiques à la foi ardente qui brûlent de se lancer dans ces périlleuses missions avec le soutien d’Anne d’Autriche et de la Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement.
	www.memoires-de-siam.com /reperes_missionnaires.html (715 words)

	JAARS Museum of the Alphabet: Vietnamese Alphabet
		A French Jesuit missionary, Alexandre de Rhodes, took these efforts and developed an efficient Roman-type alphabet for Vietnamese.
		Long before the days of descriptive linguistics, de Rhodes was aware of the prime importance of tone in the speech of these people.
		At the turn of the twentieth century, there were four writing systems in use in Vietnam: Chinese, Nôm, French, and de Rhodes'.
	www.jaars.org /museum/alphabet/galleries/vietnamese.htm (237 words)

	Haivenu
		One of the early arrivals was Alexandre de Rhodes, a French Jesuit who greatly impressed the Trinh lords who ruled the north at that time, thus easing the way for permanent missions in Hanoi, Danang and Hoi An.
		As the creator of the Romanised written form of the Vietnamese language, Alexandre de Rhodes could justifiably be considered as one of the founding fathers of modern Vietnam.
		However, de Rhodes continued to proselytise through the Societe des Mission Etrangeres, a French evangelical organisation he helped to create, seeking converts throughout Indochina.
	www.haivenu-vietnam.com /vietnam-religion-christianity.htm (674 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Blessed Andrew the Catechist
		Son of a devoutly Christian mother, he was baptized at age 15 by Jesuit missionary Father Alexandre de Rhodes.
		In 1643, with other catechists, he made a vow to serve the Church for the rest of his life; in 1644 he was arrested and beaten.
		Father de Rhodes retrieved the body and shipped it to Macao for burial.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/sainta75.htm (206 words)

	[No title]
		Scion of the Nguyen clan, rivals of the Trinh dynasty, he launched a campaign to gain control of all Vietnam in the late eighteenth century and proclaimed himself emperor in 1802.
		Nom de guerre of Philippe de in 1902.
		Member of General Charles de Gaulle's Free French forces who was parachuted into southern Vietnam in August 1945 to negotiate with Vietminh; became a partisan of a strong French presence in Indochina.
	www.presidency.ucsb.edu /vietnam/bios.php (4864 words)

	Portuguese missionaries and their dictionaries
		Rhodes, who was French and not Portuguese, depended heavily on the two earlier dictionaries in compiling his work.
		Rhodes also wrote a catechism in Latin and Vietnamese, divided into eight days, of which the top of the page for the first day is shown at right.
		A brief biography of de Rhodes can be found at the Encyclopedia Britannica.
	www.cjvlang.com /Dow/Port.html (304 words)

	Portuguese_language - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		The Fala language is another descendant of Galician-Portuguese, spoken by a small number of people in the Spanish towns of Valverdi du Fresnu, As Ellas and Sa Martín de Trebellu (autonomous community of Extremadura, near the border with Portugal).
		It is possible for a verb in the infinitive to agree with its subject in person and number, often showing who is supposed to perform a certain act; cf.
		Está na hora de voltares "It is time (for you) to return.", Está na hora de voltarmos "It is time (for us) to return." Perhaps for this reason, infinitive clauses replace subjunctive clauses more often in Portuguese than in other Romance languages.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Portuguese_language (4130 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alexandre de Rhodes
		Rhodes was later recalled to Rome where he obtained permission from his superiors to undertake missionary work in Persia.
		Amidst the numerous activities of a missionary career, he found
		de Jésus, VI (9 vols., Brussels and Paris, 1890-1900), 1718-21; CARAYON, Voyages et Missions du P. Rhodes (Paris and Le Mans, 1854).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13024a.htm (203 words)

	what is an authentic "northern" or "southern" etc. - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Alexandre de Rhodes is known for a Vietnamese—Latin—Portuguese dictionary; he perfected a romanized script, called Quoc-ngu, developed by the earlier missionaries Gaspar de Amaral and Antonio de Barbosa, and he added special marks to the roman letters, denoting tones, which in Vietnamese indicate the meaning of words.
		His script facilitated the communication of Christian doctrines to the Vietnamese and increased the literacy rate among the population.
		i would say Alexandre de Rhodes deserves to be in our top scholars for Vietnam and its history.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=76512 (801 words)

	DungLac
		Đến khi Cố Đắc Lộ Alexandre De Rhodes góp công hoàn chỉnh chữ quốc ngữ, với đầy đủ các dấu trầm bổng như dấu sắt, huyền, hỏi, ngã, và nặng.
		Cho nên, Cố Đắc Lộ Alexandre De Rhodes đã được xem là người đại diện trong việc sáng chế ra chữ quốc ngữ Việt Nam.
		Cố Alexandre De Rhodes có tên Việt Nam là Đắc Lộ, sinh năm 1591, tại Avignon, Pháp, là một giáo sĩ thuộc dòng Tên (Ordre Des Jésuites).
	www.dunglac.net /Baiviet1/quocngu1.htm (1034 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Vietnamese Catholicism bears the imprint of four centuries of missionary activity, especially the French Societe des Missions-Etrangeres de Paris, which left an indelible mark on Vietnam with its activities from the 17th century to 1975.
		Another influence was the Congregation of Mary CoRedemptrix, founded by a Vietnamese priest in 1941 (170 members of this congregation settled in Carthage, Missouri, after the fall of Saigon, 1975).
		Alexandre de Rhodes, most responsible for the transcription of the Vietnamese language into a Romanized script, introduced traditional Vietnamese postures of bowing as part of Marian devotion.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/resources/theologydigest.htm (190 words)

	VIÊT-NAM - Saigon, Mekong, Hai Phong, Hanoi, Dalat, Nha Trang, Hoi An, Hue, My tho, Vinh Long,...
		Le Père jésuite Alexandre de Rhodes (1591 - 1660) reste connu pour avoir mis au point la première romanisation de la langue vietnamienne, le quôc-ngu.
		Au vu de ses capacités linguistiques, on lui propose la nouvelle mission du Tonkin, fondée depuis peu par Baldinotti.
		Là, il est de suite frappé par les intonations de la langue vietnamienne, et la gamme des "tons", plus riche que la gamme chinoise ; c'est sur les quais du port, en discutant avec les marins et les enfants dont il compare le discours au "gazouillis des oiseaux" qu'il apprend à parler.
	asie-vietnam.be /vietnam_lexique.php (189 words)

	Indo China Siam Burma
		Letters and confessions of faith are also extant for the martyrs Gil de Federich (1702-1745), Mathieu Liciniana (1702-1745), Hyacinth Castagneda (1743-1773) and Vincent Liem (1732-1773).
		The biographies of fifty-three native priests in Tonkin, are given in Neez Documents sur le Clerge Tonkinois aux XVIIe and XVIIIe Siecles (1754-61), reprinted Paris, 1925.
		Phan, Peter C. Mission and Catechesis: Alexandre de Rhodes and Inculturation in Seventeenth-Century Vietnam.
	www.missionstudies.org /asia/indo_china_siam_burma.htm (1414 words)

	Vietnamese Writing System
		The earliest extant dictionary using quoc ngu was the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum, published by Alexandre de Rhodes in 1651.
		Rhodes, who was French, relied heavily on earlier Portuguese dictionaries in compiling his work.
		Quoc ngu was largely neglected until the 19th century when it was taken up by the French colonial government as a means of breaking the grip of Chinese culture and fostering Western ways of thinking.
	www.cjvlang.com /Writing/writviet.html (2047 words)

	[No title]
		Foyer Alexandre de Rhodes was named after the French priest who came to Vietnam in 1642 and codified the different existing systems for phonetically transcribing Vietnamese language using the Roman alphabet.
		Foyer Alexandre de Rhodes turned out to be one of the most educational, formative and decisive in my whole life.
		There, I learned to live a life of an adult, to be aware of the broad range of societal issues that were affecting our country, outside the ivory tower of medical school, to think and act freely, yet within the framework of humanism and responsibility.
	www.advite.com /chapter5.htm (3994 words)

	Album de Musique - La CDtheque ideale sur internet : Musique et musiciens
		Fatigués de cette nouvelle soupe froide de fioriture biolay-delerme and co, attardez-vous sur ce qui est vrai & sincère.
		Rien de tel qu’une bonne gifle pour redynamiser les énergies endormies.
		En attendant « God’s Son », le nouveau disque officiel, voici une compilation de titres inédits.
	www.album-musique.com (424 words)

	Balaban alexandre, - Laboratory of Caridac Energetics, Staff List - Division of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Ook Balaban kreeg de bal niet voorbij de brandweerman.
		Early Travel Literature: Alexandre de Rhodes in Vietnam," 1650-1850: Ideas, Balaban is Poet-in-Residence and Professor of English at North Carolina
		Alexandre Balaban napisała recenzję amigowej wersji gry Quake 2.
	linksseek.com /lksk/balaban-alexandre.html (422 words)

	/ Annuaire Bleu referencement
		Le logement dépasse le quart des dépenses des ménages.
		Régimes spéciaux : le passage à 40 ans de cotisation se ferait d'ici à 2012.
		Des fonds actions qui recherchent la performance en réduisant les risques.
	www.annuaire-bleu.com (238 words)

	Oatlam Bunji Hethong e Ianpian \|\| Evolution of Vietnamese Writing System
		The first dictionary of Romanized Vietnamese was published in 1651 by the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes who was sent to Vietnam in the 17th Century
		Alexandre de Rhodes ti 1651 ni chhutpan e Lomaji-hoa e Oatlam-Latin tuichiau e kau-li-chheh, Cathechismus.
		Cathechismus, a catechism published in Romanized Vietnamese and Latin by Alexandre de Rhodes in 1651.
	www.de-han.org /vietnam/gigian/ianpian/ianpian.htm (389 words)

	Vietnamese Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A true linguistic revolution took place in the 17th century with the "romanisation" of the Vietnamese language.
		The name of the French Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes, from Avignon, is generally associated with the invention of " Quoc Ngu " (literally "national script") using the Roman alphabet.
		The first printed work in "quoc ngu" was Alexandre de Rhodes' Cathechismus published in Rome in 1649.
	www.vietspring.org /language/differentsystem.html (403 words)

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