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Topic: Alexandretta, Syria

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	Hatay - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the west and Syria to the south andeast.
		Alexandretta is also located within the province,but is now known by its Turkish name, İskenderun.
		Syria does not recognize the incorporation of Hatay within Turkey and the issue has been a source of some tension between thetwo countries.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=Hatay (309 words)

	French Mandate of Syria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexandretta (Hatay) was handed over to Turkey by the French in 1939 after complaints by Ataturk about the alleged mistreatment of the Turkish population.
		Syria has not recognized the incorporation of Hatay within Turkey and the issue has been a source of some tension between the two countries.
		France occupied Syria in 1918, and received it as a mandate from the League of Nations on September 2, 1920.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria (406 words)

	Alexandretta, Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Scanderoon), is a town of southeast Turkey (claimed also by Syria), situated in the northeast angle of the Levantine Mediterranean on the southeast of the gulf to which it gives a title.
		Alexandretta is still the main port for the Aleppo region, to which a good chaussee leads over the Beilan Pass, and it has a considerable export trade in tobacco, silk, cereals, liquorice, textiles.
		Alexandretta became prominent in recent popular culture when named as the location of the Grail shrine in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade; the location actually shown in the film, however, was based on Petra, in Jordan.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /a/al/alexandretta__syria.html (333 words)

	Syria
		Later on the name Syria was applied by the Greeks and the Romans to the whole of Syria, or the country lying between the Euphrates, the Mediterranean, the Taurus, and Egypt.
		The Greek Orthodox of Syria have 5 schools with 810 pupils in Beirut; 24 in Damascus and surrounding villages, with 2215 pupils and 60 teachers; and 12 in northern Syria with 2400 pupils and 65 teachers.
		The beginnings of Catholic missions in Syria may be appropriately traced back to the age of the Crusaders and the establishment of the Latin Patriarchate of Antioch in 1100, and that of the Vicariate Apostolic of Aleppo in 1762.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/syria.html (7026 words)

	Syria
		Battle of Syria The Battle of Syria was a long and hard fought battle between the Rome.
		Cleopatra I Princess of Syria Cleopatra I is the mother of 100 B.C. Cleopatra I was 42 when she died in Greece, because...
		Laodice I Princess of Syria Laodice I Princess of Syria is the daughter of Laodice III Princess of Pontus.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/syria.html (496 words)

	Syria THE FRENCH MANDATE - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		To the east the valley of the Biqa, predominantly populated by Muslims, was added; to the west the Christian state was expanded to the coast and incorporated the cities of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon, and Tyre.
		The rest of Syria was divided into five semiautonomous areas- -the Jabal Druze, Aleppo, Latakia, Damascus, and Alexandretta (modern Iskenderun)--which accentuated religious differences and cultivated regional, as opposed to national pan-Arab, sentiment (see Religious Life, ch.
		Claims by Turkey to Alexandretta, Arab revolts in Palestine, an economic crisis caused by depreciation of the French franc, and lack of unity among Syrians served to undermine the stability of the Syrian government.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/syria/syria_history_the_french_mandate.html (1511 words)

	Hatay. Who is Hatay? What is Hatay? Where is Hatay? Definition of Hatay. Meaning of Hatay.
		Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the west and Syria to the south and east.
		Biblical Alexandretta is also located within the province, but known by its Turkish name, Iskenderun.
		Syria does not recognize the incorporation of Hatay within Turkey.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Hatay (193 words)

	flag of Historical Flags since 1932 (Syria) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de
		SYRIA (FRENCH MANDATE).- This flag was first officially hoisted in Damascus (Damas) on June 11, 1932, but it had previously been flown in Aleppo (Alep), January 1, 1932.
		Syria left the union with Egypt (UAR) on 28th September 1961 and reverted to the 1946-58 flag.
		Syria joined Egypt and Libya on 1st January 1972 to form the Federation of Arab Republics.
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/sy-his2.html (1073 words)

	National and Ethnic - The Adjacent Middle East
		Sanjak of Alexandretta or Iskandaroun Sanjak or Hattai district or Hatay Province
		The Sanjak of Alexandretta: A Forgotten Syrian Territory.
		Damascus - The Capital of Syria - From Al Mashriq.
	learning.lib.vt.edu /slav/nat_ethnic_mideast.html (842 words)

	syria
		Syria is often seen to be in support of terrorism and terrorist groups in the Middle East.
		Syria has been the cradle of some of the world's oldest civilizations, and has been part of the Hittite, Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Persian, Greek and Phoenician empires, before becoming part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire.
		Syria consists mostly of arid plateau, although there is a small strip with plain along the coast line with the Mediterranean.
	www.fact-library.com /syria.html (623 words)

	Syria Live - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Syria was part of the Ottoman Empire and used the Ottoman flag.
		In 1918 the British forces established an Arab military administration in Damascus and inner Syria under Faysal (son of Hussein ibn Ali, Grand Sharif of Mecca and King of Hejaz), using the Aarb Revolution flag.
		Sanjak of Damascus (Summer 1920) (Damascus or Syria proper): A green/white/green (or green/white/fl?) horizontal tricolor with a canton of the French flag.
	www.syrialive.net /tourism/history/history_flg.htm (836 words)

	The Sanjak of Alexandretta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Alexandretta and its potential importance was described in a British document in 1937 as a "mercantile port which could serve an extensive belt of territory sitting astride the Turkish-Syrian frontier eastwards into northern Iraq and north-west Persia, or as a possible naval base."
		The latter was involved in Alexandretta, the paper pointed out, not for the sake of a Turkish community, but for acquiring a strategic hold on the region, i.e., through possession of the Beylon Pass.
		To Syria, the loss of Alexandretta occurred at a time when she was weak and under the control of the Mandate.
	home.iprimus.com.au /fidamelhem/SSNP/sanjak_of_alexandretta.htm (1414 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alexandretta, Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Iskenderun, formerly known in the west as Alexandretta, is a city in the Turkish province of Hatay.
		After the First World War the Sanjak of Alexandretta became part of the French Mandate territory, but Turkey demanded its return as the area was ethnically divided between Turks, Syrians, and large numbers of Alawites.
		In July of 1939, much to the disgust of the Syrians, France ceded the Sanjak of Alexandretta to Turkey, largely to secure Turkey's friendship in the upcoming European conflict.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alexandretta,-Syria (349 words)

	Al Akhbar Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1918 the British forces established an Arab military administration in Damascus and inner Syria under Faysal (son of Hussein ibn Ali, Grand Sharif of Mecca and King of Hejaz), using the 'Arab Revolt' flag.
		The Allied Supreme Council gave the mandate of nowadays Syria and Lebanon to France on April 25th, 1920 (confirmed July 23rd, 1922).
		Sanjak of Damascus (Summer 1920) (Damascus or Syria proper): A green-white-green horizontal tricolor with a canton of the French flag.
	www.alakhbarusa.com /aloumaal3arabia/syria_flag.html (749 words)

	Syria and Turkey: Many Roots to the Recent Quarrel, The Estimate, October 23, 1998
		But Syria and Turkey have quarreled for decades over a variety of outstanding issues, of which the PKK is only the latest and, perhaps, developed as a function of Syria’s attempt to counterbalance Turkish dominance in the other areas of rivalry.
		Given this history and the geopolitical rivalries of the region, it is perhaps not surprising that Syria and Turkey have a number of areas of disagreement.
		Syria does not actively press the claim, and in fact during the recent crisis, Turkish President Süleyman Demirel explicitly warned Damascus not to raise the Hatay issue.
	www.theestimate.com /public/102398.html (2226 words)

	[No title]
		During the Ottoman Empire the region was administered as the Sanjak of Alexandretta.
		French policy was to maintain separate administrations for ethnic or religious groups with a geographic identity, and thus in addition to Christian Lebanon, the Druze mountain of Syria, the Alawite areas around Latakia, and the Sanjak of Alexandretta were given special status.
		From Syria's perspective, it is just one more piece of land which has been stolen from it since 1920.
	members.lycos.co.uk /hohenloh/road/iskenderum.htm (764 words)

	Soccer Dad: The Heights of Mendacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		On the relations with Lebanese Hizbullah party, the president underlined that Syria supports the Lebanese national resistance that fights within the Lebanese territories against occupation, and that the Shebaa Farms is small part of Lebanon and not Syrian as Israel claims.
		Alexandretta holds a special place in the heart of President Assad and all his fellow Allawites.
		The prime minister accused Syria of being "the headquarters of terrorism in the Middle East" and warned Damascus that the Turkish army was "awaiting orders" to attack.
	soccerdad.baltiblogs.com /archives/000570.html (847 words)

	Orthodox Archdiocese of Aleppo-Syria
		The sanjak of Alexandretta was awarded to Syria in 1920 and in 1936 became the subject of a complaint to the League of Nations by Turkey, which claimed that the privileges of the Turkish minority in the sanjak were being infringed.
		The city remained in Crusader hands for the better part of the 12th and 13th centuries, until it was finally captured by the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in 1268.
		The city was held (1832-40) by Muhammad Ali of Egypt, and in 1872 it was badly disrupted by an earthquake.
	www.alepporthodox.org /02-en/03-archdiocese/intro_alexandretta.htm (1483 words)

	Historical Flags since 1932 (Syria) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Republic of Syria, 1930-1932 The Syrian Republic was proclaimed on 14 May 1930 and might have used a horizontally divided green-white-fl flag, which would have been the forerunner of the 1932 flag.
		Republic of Syria, 1932 The flag hoisted in Aleppo on 1 January 1932 was an horizontally divided green-white-fl, 1:2 flag, charged with three red five-pointed stars in the white stripe.
		In December 1936, both governments were incorporated into Syria and their flags were no longer used.
	www.z6.com /z6files/z6files/fotw/flags/sy-his2.html (1359 words)

	Articles - Hatay Province (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Then it was attached to the State of Aleppo, and in 1925 it was directly attached to the State of Syria, still with a special administrative status.
		In 1938 there was an ethnic census by French authorities under international control, and the repartition of the seats in the sandjak assembly was based on it: out of 40 seats, 22 for the Turks, 9 for Alawi Arabs, 2 for Sunni Arabs, 2 for Christian Arabs, 5 for Armenians.
		Syria did not recognize the incorporation of Hatay within Turkey and the issue has been a source of some tension between the two countries until recently.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Hatay_Province?mySession=cd4524b12b5b0da6c7655e284472b69b (742 words)

	Newly found friendship between Turkey and Syria
		Syria has in the past accused Turkey of taking more than its fair share of the waters of the Euphrates River, a charge which Turkey has denied, saying that Syria has not built enough dams to retain the water.
		The region was ceded to Turkey in 1939 when Syria was under French mandate, and Ankara has maintained that the issue of sovereignty is non-negotiable.
		Turkey and Syria have since the March 2003 invasion of neighbouring Iraq signed a series of economic and security agreements, including one to jointly combat crime and terrorism.
	www.ekurd.net /mismas/articles/misc/turkeysyria.htm (658 words)

	Turkish president set for Syria visit in defiance of US pressure
		The April 13-14 visit, which has been long in the making, was originally expected to be the latest in a string of routine bilateral contacts between the two neighbours, but took on a different significance with the latest political upheaval in Lebanon.
		Turkey and Syria have greatly improved their stormy ties since 1998, when they came to the brink of war over Ankara's accusations that Damascus was sheltering separatist Kurdish militants fighting the Turkish government.
		Turkey has made increasing overtures to Syria since the US-led invasion of Iraq, both neighbors sharing concerns that the post-war Iraq may break up and spark new turmoil in the region.
	www.ekurd.net /mismas/articles/misc2005/4/turkeysyria4.htm (715 words)

	Iskenderun biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		As the main outlet for the overland trade from Baghdad and India, whose importance was great until the establishment of the Egyptian overland route, the place was a great resort, first of Genoese and Venetian merchants, then of those of West and North European nations.
		After the First World War it became part of the French Mandate territory, but Turkey demanded its return as the area was ethnically divided between Turks, Syrians, and large numbers of Alawites.
		In July of 1939, much to the disgust of the Syrians, France ceded Alexandretta and its surrounding region to Turkey, largely to secure Turkey's friendship in the upcoming European conflict.
	www.biography.ms /Alexandretta,_Syria.html (274 words)

	Ariga:5759:Syrian-Turkish confrontation
		Syria Stands Firm Against Turkey Syrian Information Minister Mohammad Salman reiterated over the weekend his country's territorial claim on a province that was ceded to Turkey half a century ago.
		While Syria has had the support of Greece for some time now, its recent stand against Turkish threats and its renewed claim on Alexandretta suggest that either Syria is confident Turkey won't act or another player has joined the anti- Turkish alliance.
		Alexandretta is a national issue on which no concession can be made." In view of relative military might, Salman's statement is the equivalent of a 90-pound weakling demanding that the bully return his lunch money.
	www.ariga.com /5759/stratfor001.htm (1256 words)

	Conflicting claims to Euphrates water muddy Syria-Turkey relations
		Syria's opposition to these military operations stems partly from the potential and actual threats they pose to the sovereignty and unity of Iraq.
		Syria also views these operations with unease as they relate in one way or another to the Turkish claims over the northern Iraqi province of Musil.
		Such unease on the part of Syria is heightened by a number of recent measures that deepen Turkey's role in running Iraqi Kurdistan.
	www.muslimedia.com /archives/world98/euphrate.htm (1162 words)

	A new age for Turkey-Syria relations By K Gajendra Singh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Syria and Turkey have a common objective in a stable Iraq.
		Syria, which became independent in 1946, did not really reconcile to the loss of the province and its principal towns of Antakya and Iskenderun port (formerly Antioch and Alexandretta).
		It was Syria's way of interlinking Turkish control of Euphrates waters and Syrian sponsorship of the PKK as a pressure point for getting their share of water.
	www.aljazeerah.info /Opinion%20editorials/2005%20Opinion%20Editorials/April/14%20o/A%20new%20age%20for%20Turkey-Syria%20relations%20By%20K%20Gajendra%20Singh.htm (2280 words)

	Detailed Country Profile: Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The French League of Nations Trust Territory of Syria became independent in 1941 and was between 1958 and 1961 part of the United Arab Republic.
		Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Syria was administered by the French until independence in 1946.
		In recent years, Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over the return of the Golan Heights.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/sy (217 words)

	Syria, Turkey settle 66-year-old territorial dispute - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Syria acknowledged that the disputed border province of Alexandretta belongs to Turkey.
		The Turkish daily Hurrit said on Monday that Syria officially acknowledged that the disputed border province of Alexandretta belongs to Turkey.
		An additional clause was added to the bilateral agreement in which Damascus recognized that Alexandretta belongs to Turkey.
	www.aljazeera.com /cgi-bin/news_service/middle_east_full_story.asp?service_id=6619 (571 words)

	History of the Phoenician Canaanites
		This was due in part to the invasions of the Sea Peoples and the general disruptions of Late Bronze Age cultures throughout the eastern Mediterranean, with the collapse of Mycenaean and Hittite cultures and the destruction of city-states in the Levant.
		Pompey replaces Lucullus in 66 B.C. Syria is taken out of the hands of the Seleucids once and for all on the ground that they have virtually ceased to rule.
		However, just as in Seleucid northern Syria, (p.66) "real power, military power lay in the hands of the king, Ptolemaic or Seleukid." Thus there is little evidence of any major political distinction between the "Phoenician" cities and the "Greek" foundations of the Hellenistic world.
	phoenicia.org /history.html (11516 words)

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