Alexandrian text-type

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	Byzantine text-type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the majority of New Testament textual critics now favor a text that is Alexandrian in complexion, especially after the publication of Westcott and Hort's edition, there remain some proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs.
		According to the preface to the New King James Version of the Bible, the Textus Receptus, the Alexandrian text-type and the Byzantine text-type are 85% identical.
		This text came to be known as the Textus Receptus or received text after being thus termed by Elzevir, an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_text-type (582 words)

	Textus Receptus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Textus Receptus (Latin: "Received Text") is the name given to the first Greek text of the New Testament to be printed with movable type.
		This is the text that was in use by the Eastern Orthodox Church in Erasmus' time (ca.
		The Textus Receptus is classified by scholars as a late Byzantine text.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Textus_Receptus (367 words)

	WESTERN TEXT-TYPE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The Western text-type is a diverse group of manuscripts of the New_Testament whose text is similar to that of early Christian writers in Rome and Gaul, including Justin_Martyr and Irenaeus.
		These texts tend toward longer passages than is found in the other groups of texts, frequently augmented with glosses, additional details, and the original passages are replaced with longer paraphrases.
		In at least two Western texts, the Gospels appear in a variant order: Matthew, John, Luke, Mark.
	www.beatlesfacts.com /Western_text-type (150 words)

	The Error of King James Only.
		The Alexandrian Text -- or, certainly, it's root in the Early "normal" text -- was the basis for the theoretical Caesarean text (of which Jerome writes), and the equally theoretical "Western Text" also exhibits influences from either the Alexandrian text or the Early "normal" and free texts.
		However, these kinds of text clearly reflect that the New Testament Text had already begun to diverge in the independent copying period (prior to and, in part, due to the Diocletianic persecutions), but the divergence was not yet as highly pronounced or as "planned" as it would become during the Text-Type period.
		the Byzantine text is "the Koine text" (p.xx).
	www.revneal.org /Writings/errorof.htm (10055 words)

	Ephesians 2:21 in the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament, fourth edition, hereafter referred to as UBSGNT4, reads, “e)n w
		Though the former readings lie generally in the Alexandrian text-type their dates are much later than the most reliable witnesses of the same Alexandrian text-type.
		Also in favor of the reading in the text is the Byzantine text-type which is assumed to be based upon MSS of the fourth century.
		Finally, the Byzantine text, as already alluded to, comes from a tradition dating back to the fourth century, and its agreement with this preferred reading is well worth noting.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Oracle/9539/eph2.html (1079 words)

	Biblical Research Institute
		Alexandrian text = the type of text that is found in many of the oldest NT manuscripts, best represented by Codex Vaticanus (B, 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (Aleph 4th century), and the papyrus MS P75 (3rd century).
		God has preserved this text through the centuries, they say, while the various "corrupt" types of text ceased to be copied by scribes in the early centuries of church history.
		When the Greek text of the Textus Receptus is compared with the "New Greek" found in the Nestle's and the United Bible Society's editions of the Greek NT, the defenders of the KJV propose a conspiracy on the part of apostate church fathers in early Christianity.
	www.adventistbiblicalresearch.org /documents/kjvonly.htm (9419 words)

	Bible Universe -The Ultimate Bible Resource
		The Critical Text is derived primarily from the Alexandrian text-type and includes such published texts as the United Bible Society, Nestle-Aland, and Westcott-Hort.
		For several years the Alexandrian Text was blindly considered to be a pure or 'neutral' representation of the original text of the Bible writers.
		The Received Text was derived primarily from the Byzantine text-type and includes texts published by Erasmus, Stephens, Beza, and Elzevir.
	www.bibleuniverse.com /study/bible_4.asp (1002 words)

	Alexandria vs. Antioch
		Those that support the KJV only position claim that the Alexandrian Text Type denies the deity of Christ, yet it was the Antiochene position on the nature of Christ, not the Alexandrian position that was heretical.
		Generally they lump all of Alexandrian theology in with that of Origen, whom they claim is responsible for the Alexandrian form of the Greek text.
		The question whether Origen ever attempted to edit a critical text of the New Testament has been answered quite diversely by modern scholars; it seems probable to the present writer that he did not extend his textual efforts to preparing a formal edition of the New Testament.
	home.wi.rr.com /rationlchristian/alexantioch.htm (2310 words)

	KING JAMES VERSION DEBATE
		It should be remembered that as far as the underlying Greek text is concerned, the KJV made no radical changes from the text underlying the Great Bible and other sixteenth century English versions, which were all based upon the Received Text (except the Rheims version, which was translated from the Vulgate).
		As for its manuscript basis, it is evident that the TR stands close to the text found in the majority of all manuscripts, and the number of passages derived from the Vulgate are very few.
		Such a method is clearly biassed against manuscripts which preserve a longer text and in favour of manuscripts which present a shorter text, since the longer reading will be said to be 'conflation' of different kinds of shorter reading and hence not 'distinctive'.
	www.holybible.com /resources/Trinitarian/article_69.htm (4156 words)

	Proof Infallibility Inerrancy King James Version Bible False
		The possibilty exists, that the preponderance of textual evidence that exists for the Received Text is due to this sudden and positive proliferation based upon that chosen by Eusebius, and that the Alexandrian Text could also very well be the oldest archtype because of this situation; but this is speculation.
		The texts used to determine the gap sequences are the Nestle, Von Soden, Westcott and Hort, Trinitarian, and the eclectic text of Aland, Black, Martini, Metzger, and Wikgren.
		The text was written from left to right along the fibers in broader or narrower columns, the writing coming on the inside and the end of the text being rolled last.
	www.orin.net /inerrancy.html (6245 words)

	Text-Types and Textual Kinship
		The "Alexandrian" text almost immediately disappeared; the consensus is that the "Neutral" and "Alexandrian" texts are one and the same, with the "Neutral" text being the earlier phase (or, perhaps, just the purer manuscripts of the type).
		is a part of the Alexandrian text, or it is the archetype of the text.
		The Alexandrian text, which in Griesbach's time was known only in a few witnesses such as L/019 and 33, was held to be the early text of Alexandria, and was already recognized by Griesbach as valuable.
	www.skypoint.com /~waltzmn/TextTypes.html (16332 words)

	QA Bible Translations
		The reason for the difference is that there are two Greek text types that are used to make translations of the Bible, the Majority text type (otherwise known as the “Textus Receptus”) and the Alexandrian text type (with the two most prominent being the Vaticanus and the Sinaiticus).
		The Majority text type, which makes up the vast majority of Greek texts and is the most reliable, being uncorrupted by the papacy, renders this verse “Spirit,” while the Alexandrian text type renders this verse “Spirit of Jesus.”
		There is much more evidence to indicate that the Majority text type, from which the King James Version of the Bible was translated, is the most reliable Greek text type.
	www.present-truth.net /Questions/Bible_Translations.htm (704 words)

	Wikipedia: Eta
		In textual criticism, the Alexandrian text-type (from Hesychius, its once-supposed editor).
		The upper-case letter Η is used as a symbol for:
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/et/eta.html (60 words)

	LIBERTY LAW PROF: January 2005
		For approximately 1500 years the Alexandrian text was forgotten, not used, and only rediscovered in the 19th Century.
		They are missing because the difference is in the Greek text type used, not in any defect in the translation methodology.
		Both the Majority Text and the Alexandrian Text reject the words in the King James and New King James version.
	libertylaw.blogspot.com /2005_01_01_libertylaw_archive.html (5879 words)

	BGreek: Re: Textual Criticism.
		same text, and that text leans largely on the Alexandrian text type.
		Nestle/Aland, largely based on the Alexandrian text type.
		>>other significant arguments for the Alexandrian text type is that
	www.ibiblio.org /bgreek/test-archives/html4/1997-10/21680.html (761 words)

	Origins-SBL2004.doc
		As a practical matter, the most useful type designations are those which correspond to the meaning of the name or are based on the group’s leading member, rather than on a wild, mixed, or fragmentary representative whose textual affinities are unclear.
		The standard text was probably memorized by monks who have spent a greater part of their lives studying, reciting, and copying the gospel texts.
		The selection of the nomenclatural type is a matter of convention (biologists use temporal priority of publication), which means that it can be arbitrary as long as it is consistently followed.
	www.hypotyposeis.org /papers/Origins-SBL2004.doc (4388 words)

	New Testament Manuscript: Papyrus 65, P65
		The text is too brief to ascertain the precise text type.
		The Alands believe that it is most likely a "strict" text.
		It seems that these two manuscripts may be from the same codex.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Bible/Text/Mss/P65.html (76 words)

	What about the Majority Text?
		And so it is appropriate to say that the texts in question fall into two groups: (1) The kind of text found in the majority of medieval manuscripts (often called the Byzantine text-type); and (2) the ancient type of text which is exhibited in our oldest available manuscripts (often called the "Alexandrian" text-type).
		The Majority Text is derived from the plurality of all existing Greek manuscripts; but because most of these manuscripts are late medieval manuscripts, there is a family resemblance between the Received Text and the Majority Text.
		These critical texts are based upon the oldest manuscripts and versions (from the 100's to the 600's), and agree with one another much more than any of them agree with the Received Text or the Majority Text.
	www.bible-researcher.com /majority.html (1622 words)

	chronology200-640ce
		Vaticanus type 226-241: Ardashir: Persian Emperor, founded Sasanian Empire of Persia (226- 642), conquered Mesopotamia in 230, Zoroastrianism state religion...
	www.kfu.com /~pharvey/chronology200-640ce (353 words)

	The Error of King James Only.
		The Alexandrian Text -- or, certainly, it's root in the Early "normal" text -- was the basis for the theoretical Caesarean text (of which Jerome writes), and the equally theoretical "Western Text" also exhibits influences from either the Alexandrian text or the Early "normal" and free texts.
		However, these kinds of text clearly reflect that the New Testament Text had already begun to diverge in the independent copying period (prior to and, in part, due to the Diocletianic persecutions), but the divergence was not yet as highly pronounced or as "planned" as it would become during the Text-Type period.
		But despite this, Aland states even the Egyptian text was later subjected to the "corrosive effects" of the Byzantine text-type (Aland, pp.65,56).
	www.revneal.org /Writings/errorof.htm (10055 words)

	The Error of King James Only.
		The Alexandrian Text -- or, certainly, it's root in the Early "normal" text -- was the basis for the theoretical Caesarean text (of which Jerome writes), and the equally theoretical "Western Text" also exhibits influences from either the Alexandrian text or the Early "normal" and free texts.
		However, these kinds of text clearly reflect that the New Testament Text had already begun to diverge in the independent copying period (prior to and, in part, due to the Diocletianic persecutions), but the divergence was not yet as highly pronounced or as "planned" as it would become during the Text-Type period.
		the Byzantine text is "the Koine text" (p.xx).
	www.revneal.org /Writings/errorof.htm (10055 words)

	Alexandrian text-type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Byzantine texts read "God was manifest in the flesh", whereas Alexandrian texts, with support from the Old Latin, Vulgate, Peshitta, Western text-type and many early church fathers read "He was manifest in the flesh".
		The oldest near-complete manuscripts of the New Testament belong to this text-type, and are known as Codex Vaticanus in the Vatican library and Codex Sinaiticus in the British Museum.
		One reason is that Alexandrian manuscripts are the oldest we have found, and some of the earliest church fathers used readings found in the Alexandrian text.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexandrian_text-type (564 words)

	Byzantine text-type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the majority of New Testament textual critics now favor a text that is Alexandrian in complexion, especially after the publication of Westcott and Hort's edition, there remain some proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs.
		The Byzantine text-type is the text-type with by far the largest number of manuscripts, especially from the invention of the minuscule (cursive) handwriting in the 9th century.
		This text came to be known as the Textus Receptus or received text after being thus termed by Elzevir, an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Byzantine_text-type (582 words)

	Byzantine text-type
		Although the majority of New Testament textual critics now favor a text that is Alexandrian in complexion, especially after the publication of Westcott and Hort's edition, there remain some proponents of the Byzantine text-type as the type of text most similar to the autographs.
		Due to the pressure of his publisher to bring their edition to market before the competing Complutensian Polyglot, Erasmus was based his work on less than a half-dozen manuscripts from the Byzantine text-type, all of which dated from the twelfth century.
		Among those who believe that the Byzantine text is only a secondary witness to the autograph, there is some debate concerning the origin of the Byzantine text and the reason for its widespread use and homogeneity.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/b/by/byzantine_text_type.html (501 words)

	The Greek Text of the New Testament
		This text type is also refered to as the Majority Text because the majority of the surviving manuscripts are of this type.
		This text is a representative of the Byzantine text-type, although many scholars consider it a poor representation.
		of the Alexandrian type, and often a center of the KJV only debate.
	home.wi.rr.com /rationlchristian/greektext.htm (1001 words)

	Text-Types Of The New Testament Manuscripts: Alexandrian ("Neutral"), Western, Byzantine & Caesarean
		Characteristics of the Alexandrian text are brevity and austerity.
		That is, it is generally shorter than the text of other forms, and it does not exhibit the degree of grammatical and stylistic polishing that is characteristic of the Byzantine and, to a lesser extent, of the Caesarean type of text.
		The most important Greek manuscripts that present a Western type of text are codex Bezae (D) of the fifth or sixth century (containing the Gospels and Acts), codex Claromontanus (D) of the sixth century (containing the Pauline Epistles), and, for Mark 1:1 to 5:30, codex Washingtonianus (W) of the late fourth or early fifth century.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Bible/Text/Mss/textype.html (1434 words)

	ipedia.com: Alexandrian text-type Article
		Whilst the type of text is referred to as "Alexandrian" since most manuscripts of this early type appear to have been preserved by the dry climate of Egypt, the readings found in the Alexandrian text can generally be found in the textual traditions from all over the empire.
		The Byzantine texts read "God was manifest in the flesh", whereas Alexandrian texts, with support from the Old Latin, Vulgate, Peshitta, Western text-type and many early church fathers read "He was manifest in the flesh".
		Another is that often the Alexandrian reading is the only one that can explain the origin of all the variant readings found in other text-types.
	www.ipedia.com /alexandrian_text_type.html (643 words)

	Some Thoughts For Evaluating the KJV/Majority Text vs. New Translations/Minority Text Debate
		Byzantine Text advocates often assert that many manuscript copies of the Scripture were corrupted in the early centuries of the church (pre-fourth-century), and these corrupted manuscripts are identified with the non-Byzantine Text-types, or particularly the Alexandrian Text-family which usually stands behind the modern translations.
		If the Byzantine Text-type is the original Word of God, and has been readily available to the church for the past 1900 years, we would expect the Church Fathers' quotations to reflect the Byzantine Text readings, not the readings of other text-families.
		The KJV is a "text," as is the RSV.
	www.apostolic.net /biblicalstudies/kjvevaluation.htm (5777 words)

	The preservation of the Textus Receptus
		Before having its connection with Byzantium, though, this form of text (in contrast with the Alexandrian which is largely corrupt by Gnostic interpolations) was associated with the capital of the Roman province of Syria, Antioch.
		The church universal had been using that text throughout the centuries.
		The sure evidence for the integrity of the Byzantine manuscripts continues in the Uncials: the fifth century Codices Alexandrinus (a-02; Byzantine in the Gospels), and Ephraemi (C-01), and in practically all the later ones.
	www.tecmalta.org /tft119.htm (636 words)

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