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	Armenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստան, Hayastan, Հայք, Hayq), officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked mountainous country in the Southern Caucasus (Transcaucasus), bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan to the south.
		The Republic of Armenia, covering an area of 30 000 square kilometres (11,600 sq. mi), is located in the north-east of the Armenian Highland (covering 400 000 km² or 154,000 sq. mi), otherwise known as historic Armenia and considered as the original homeland of Armenians.
		Armenia is interested in cooperating with other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, a group of 11 former Soviet republics) and with members of the international community on environmental issues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Armenia (5023 words)

	Turkish-Armenian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The decisive Armenian victory at the Battle of Sardarabad against the Ottoman Empire during Caucasus Campaign of the WWI proved that Armenia was a power in the region.
		Armenia initially moved its forces into Oltu, which was followed by Georgian forces occupying Artvin on 25 July.
		The Treaty of Alexandropol was later superseded by the Treaty of Kars.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Turkish-Armenian_War (346 words)

	ARMENIA: The Survival of a Nation
		Armenia's declaration of independence (made on 30 May, but with effect from the 28th) must be one of the most defensive of such documents ever written.
		All that was left to Armenia was the district of Nor Bayazid (around Lake Sevan); parts of Sharur (to the south), of Yerevan and Echmiadzin, and of Alexandropol in the north.
		Armenia also claimed the four districts of Cilician Armenia, on the Mediterranean coast, where there was quite a large Armenian population (both urban and agrarian) dating from the period of the medieval kingdom.
	armenia-survival.50megs.com /Survival_Ch_8.htm (13119 words)

	NationMaster - Statistics on Armenia. 1397 facts and figures, stats and information on Armenian economy, crime, people, ...
		Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century).
		Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
		Turkey imposed an economic blockade on Armenia and closed the common border because of the Armenian occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas.
	www.nationmaster.com /country/am (257 words)

	Armenian Architecture - VirtualANI - The Surp Amenaprkich church in Gyumri, Armenia
		The Surp Amenaprkich church in Gyumri (Alexandropol / Leninakan), Armenia.
		Although it was the biggest church in Alexandropol it was not officially the city's cathedral.
		On the architecture of Alexandropol, Lynch wrote "Size, and a certain effect, rather than elegance of proportion and a loving care for detail, are the characteristics of the new style".
	www.virtualani.org /gyumri/index.htm (1617 words)

	(KATCHAZNOUNI-1923) Tall Armenian Tale: The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Armenia had to choose between Soviet Russia and Kemalist Turkey, which under the circumstances was tantamount to choosing between life and death.
		In accordance with this treaty, concerning Armenia, by the provisions of the special treaty for the evacuation of territories under Turkish occupation and the repatriation and exchange of prisoners, the determination of the frontiers of the Armenian Republic will immediately be put into effect.
		The fight of Armenia against the bolsheviks, and for its own freedom and independence, serves, as we are convinced, not only Armenia itself, but also the interests of all the nations of the Near East.
	www.tallarmeniantale.com /1923Manifesto-record.htm (9715 words)

	Photos of Armenia: 1917-1919. Photo Collection of John Elder
		The pictures taken by John Elder between 1917 and 1919 constitute a rare photo documentation of the conditions in Armenia during some of the most trying years in the history of the Armenian people.
		John Elder was a witness of the Ottoman invasion of Armenia in 1918 and experienced the trials of the Armenian people during the month of May when the struggle for survival reached its critical moment.
		Elder traveled throughout Armenia and took photographs in all major points of refugee concentration and where relief work was being conducted.
	www.armenian-genocide.org /photo_elder.html (275 words)

	(ARMENIAN HISTORY EXCERPTS) Tall Armenian Tale: The Other Side of the Falsified Genocide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The entire population of Eastern Armenia was thus deported, and those who were unwilling to quit their ancestral homes were forced to do so under the threat of whip and bludgeon, even of steel.
		The news of a Russian campaign was therefore joyfully hailed by the harassed people, and their courage was revived to the point of aiding the army of liberation.
		It was at Alexandropol that the Turks and the Armenian delegation under Khatisian first heard of the bolshevization of Armenia.
	www.tallarmeniantale.com /history-armenia-kurkjian1958.htm (1596 words)

	Alexandropol and Ani
		An atmosphere of solid unromantic prosperity pervades Alexandropol, thoroughly in keeping with the Armenian character, and there is a feeling of peace and quiet in striking contrast with the chaotic turmoil of other parts of the Caucasus.
		The first Bagratid king was Ashot I. under whom the kingdom of Armenia extended to Erzerum in the west and to Caucasus and the Caspian in the east.
		This part of Armenia came to be designated the kingdom of Ani or Shirak, to distinguish it from the Armenian kingdom of Van or Vagarsapan.
	www.armenianhouse.org /villari/caucasus/alexandropol-ani.html (5166 words)

	Armenian Architecture - VirtualANI - Travellers Accounts' of Ani: Luigi Villari in 1905
		The Alexandropol district is one of the few in which the Armenians are overwhelmingly predominant, and the town is typically Armenian in character and appearance.
		The first Bagratid king was Ashot I. (856-889), under whom the kingdom of Armenia extended to Erzerum in the west and to Caucasus and the Caspian in the east.
		With the advent of his successor Sembat I. (890-914) begins the series of invasions by the Arab governors of the province of Azerbajan, which were to play such a part in the subsequent history of the country.
	www.virtualani.freeserve.co.uk /accounts/villari.htm (5065 words)

	The Battle of Sardarabad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Then, from Alexandropol, Turkish forces began a three-pronged attack, in an attempt to seize all that remained of Armenia.
		Had they failed, it is perfectly possible that the word Armenia would have henceforth denoted only an antique geographical term (like Cappadocia).
		But despite being outnumbered by about two to one, and being deserted by their 'colleagues' in the Transcaucasian Federation (for the Georgians had abtained German protection, and the Tatars had no desire to hinder an advance of the Ottoman forces), they defeated the Turks in all three encounters.
	www.armenian-history.com /Nyuter/ARMENIA20/battle_of_sardarabad.htm (440 words)

	Tom Bozigian
		After graduating from the choreographic school in Armenia and returning to Los Angeles in 1975, Tom Bozigian made the decision to devote his career full-time to the preservation, performance and instruction of original Armenian song and dance.
		Each year Tom travels to Armenia to continue teaching and research, working with various institutions and dance specialists such as Artashes Karapetyan of the Mankavarzhakan Institute for Dance as well as with folk musicians.
		Areas throughout Armenia, including other countries, are targeted and visited for the purpose of drawing analogies of original dances from both Armenia and the Diaspora.
	www.bozigian.com (598 words)

	Aghtamar - Church of the Holy Cross
		In the Treaty of Alexandropol on December 2, 1920, Armenia renounced all pre-1914 Turkish territories including Kars and Ardahan, recognized that there were no Armenian majority populations anywhere in Turkey, and accepted that the region of Nakhichevan should form an autonomous Turkish state.
		On December 3, 1920, a new Armenian government at Yerevan formed by a coalition of communists and Dashnaks proclaimed Armenia a Soviet republic.
		In 1936 Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan became separate republics of the Soviet Union.
	www.ling.umd.edu /~ninaka/grace/aghtamar/main/pages/armhistory18.htm (224 words)

	Avetik Isahakyan - Biography
		Upon his return from Leipzig in 1895 he entered the ranks of the newly established Alexandropol committee of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation; through his activities supported armed groups and financial aid sent to the Western Armenia from Alexandropol.
		Between 1946 and 1957 he was the Chairman of the Writers’ Union of the Republic of Armenia.
		His creative work, filled with humanism, and a great respect to the human dignity, is deeply connected with the history and culture of the Armenian people, embracing the best traditions of the Russian and the World literature.
	armenianhouse.org /isahakyan/bio-en.html (744 words)

	Armenian Architecture - VirtualANI - A History Of The City: Part Two
		At the start of the 19th century most of Armenia was an unknown region, unmapped and virtually unexplored.
		Most of Armenia was a desolated land filled with the ruins of abandoned settlements, and Ani was seen as the most dramatic example of that destruction - a symbol of Armenia's lost glory and inspiration for what could be attained in the future.
		What was left of the Armenian population in these areas was forced to leave, and all the still active medieval Armenian churches and monasteries (including Horomos and Khtzkonk) were abandoned.
	www.virtualani.freeserve.co.uk /history/part2.htm (1318 words)

	ARMENIA: The Survival of a Nation
		Alexandropol 45, 57, 251–2, 253, 254, 257, 263, 312, 315; Bolshevik uprising, May 1920 285–6; condition in 1920 320–1; conference 316–17, 318–19; occupied by Turks 313; treaty of 319–22, 325, 326, 353; Turks stay in occupation 324
		France 59, 89, 102, 114, 121, 167, 169, 172, 194, 279, 280, 318, 328, 345; Armenia and (1917–18) 264; attitude in 1895 148; in Cilicia (1919–21) 292ff
		Nakhichevan 28, 47, 48, 257, 323, 373, 405; as disputed territory 270–2, 278, 289, 307, 392, 393, 394, 398; Bolsheviks occupy 290, 305; in 1905 74–5; treaty of Alexandropol and 317, 320; treaty of Kars and 330, 394–5; treaty of Moscow and 326, 394–5
	armenia-survival.50megs.com /Survival_Index.htm (2248 words)

	Kimball, Elsie M. Finding Aid
		Most of this material relates to her work as a relief worker and secretary for the Near East Relief (N.E.R.) organization in Armenia and the Republic of Georgia from 1919-1921 and 1923-1925.
		She discusses the devastation and poverty in the Near East during and after World War I, the Greco-Turkish War, and revolutions in Armenia, the Soviet Union, and Turkey.
		She describes massacres of Armenians; the advance of Bolshevik forces in Georgia and Armenia in 1920; and her work with Armenian, Greek, and Russian refugees (particularly orphaned Armenian children) in Akhalkalaki and Batoum (Batumi), Georgia, and in Alexandropol and Kars, Armenia and at the Djalal Oghlou Farm School near Alexandropol.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /lits/library/arch/col/msrg/mancol/ms0562r.htm (566 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Armenia, 1918-1922
		Mountainous Armenia (or what was left of it) was a landlocked republic, with limited communication and trade.
		There were plans for a greater Armenia under British protection (the British had occupied BATUM in Dec. 1918); such a greater Armenia was foreseen in the TREATY OF SEVRES, which Turkey never ratified.
		On December 2nd 1920, the Armenian government signed the TREATY OF ALEXANDROPOL, ceding all the provinces which had been part of the Ottoman Empire until 1914, as well as Kars and Alexandropol itself.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/asmin/armenia191822.html (351 words)

	Andrew Andersen
		However, as a result of the Soviet conquest, Armenia became a Moscow-controlled puppet “Soviet Republic“ on the same day of December 1920, when the treaty pf Alexandropol was signed by the representatives of he fallen government thus putting the legitimacy of that treaty in question.
		According to the provisions of the treaty of Kars, the treaties of Sevres and Alexandropol were denounced and both the Turkish and Armenian sides agreed to forgive each other all the “military crimes and mistakes” committed by their representatives during all the wars, conflicts and ethnic cleansings of 1915-1920.
		returned the area of Alexandropol to Soviet Armenia and dropped all the claims to Sharur (Naxcivan area) under the condition that the area is not to be incorporated into
	www.conflicts.rem33.com /images/Armenia/kars.htm (501 words)

	Page Title
		(Alexandropol), Armenia and throughout the period of his early travels continued to return to his home there
		roots of his identity and his role as an important philosopher and thinker of Armenia and the Caucasus.
		attendees for an extended tour of Armenia and, perhaps, to Tbilisi, Georgia.
	www.armeniagurdjieff.org /call_for_papers_2006.html (769 words)

	Tom Bozigian: ZoomInfo Business People Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He took a seven-month dance program in Armenia that was arranged by the Armenian State Cultural Committee.
		In the late 1970s, Tom was invited by the Armenian government to return to Armenia to continue his studies in the Yerevan Sayat Nova Choreographic School's four-year folk dance program, and was awarded the diploma in dance choreography with a "Professional Dancer of the Soviet Union" certificate.
		For many years, Tom has been representing Armenia and her people through his music, language, and dance.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Bozigian_Tom_370706740.htm (861 words)

	Series Description
		This series consists of typed transcripts of letters that Kimball wrote to her mother, Leonetta Nichols Kimball, and sister, Lorenia ("Rene") M. Kimball, from 1919-1921 and 1923-1927.
		These documents concern her work as a relief worker and stenographer for the Near East Relief (N.E.R.) organization in Armenia and the Republic of Georgia and as a clerk and translator for the Georgian Manganese Company in Tchiatouri (Ciat'ura), Georgia, and in Moscow, Russia.
		These letters include detailed descriptions of her work in orphanages in Akhalkalaki and Batoum (Batumi), Georgia, and Kars, Armenia in 1920-1921, Alexandropol (Alekandropol), Armenia in 1923, and at the Djalal Oghlou Farm School and orphanage near Alexandropol from 1923-1925.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /lits/library/arch/col/msrg/mancol/ms0562s.htm (424 words)

	Tom Bozigian
		Various types of examinations are given periodically during the couse and the final examination is made up of a large concert at the Philharmonic in Yerevan, capital of Soviet Armenia.
		Some exceptionally talented factory-sponsored and village dancers, however, have "made the grade." Tom's dance repertoire is taken from the three main sources: state ensembles, factory-sponsored groups, and village groups.
		At the same time, he visits target areas throughout Armenia for the purpose of drawing comparisons of original dances from both Armenia and the Diaspora.
	www.phantomranch.net /folkdanc/teachers/bozigian_t.htm (1002 words)

	Home
		will be held in the Trdat the II room at the Marriott Armenia Hotel.
		We will have a full day of presentations and discussion on Mr.
		Attendance to the first two days of the conference at the Marriott Armenia Hotel is open to the
	www.armeniagurdjieff.org (269 words)

	Armenia and its History - Timeline
		What follows below is a timeline of significant events in Armenia's history.
		I've gradually put it together as I've read and learnt about Armenia's long and complex history.
		I hope you will look at it with understanding; that I have no political agenda beyond a general support for the survival and prosperity of the Republic, its people and their culture.
	www.bravenewworld.demon.co.uk /armenia/history (481 words)

	Daan Rijsenbrij
		George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1866-1949) was born in Alexandropol, Armenia, during the Russian-Turkish war.
		There is a story that as an eleven-year old he disappeared for five days with a few gypsies to learn from them everything he could, and by the time he was fourteen he had visited Constantinopel and many other places in Armenia.
		He was confronted with strange phenomena, for which nobody could give him an explanation, like clairvoyance, miraculous cures, rain-dances, and people who were trapped in a circle.
	www.ouspensky.info /gurdjieffeng.htm (3411 words)

	OIA - Voice Article
		Seljuk Turks in Armenia and Crusades in Jerusalem
		Levon VI Lusignan, King of Cilicia Armenia defeated by Mameluks, ending Kingdom of Cilicia and independence of Armenia
		Armenia is ruled by Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep) and Ak Koyunlu (White Sheep) Turkoman tribes
	www.oia.net /Voice/200003/articles/46b.html (481 words)

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