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Topic: Alexei Kosygin

	Alexei Kosygin
		Kosygin joined the Red Army in 1919 at the age of 15 and fought in the Russian Civil War.
		Kosygin attempted to implement economic reforms to shift the emphasis in the Soviet economy from heavy industry and military production to light industry and the production of consumer goods.
		Kosygin fell ill and was dismissed from his positions in October 1980, mere weeks prior to his death.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Alexei_Kosygin (500 words)

	KRT Wire \| 09/28/2006 \| Fidel and Cuba are inseparable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He was accompanied by Alexei Kosygin, chairman of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers, and Konstantin Katyshev, who was the secretary of the Party's Central Committee on cooperation with the socialist countries.
		Alexei Kosygin apologized to Castro for our mistakes in relations with Cuba and explained what opportunities we had for further cooperation.
		When Kosygin died, Fidel sent a long letter to the party Central Committee and to Brezhnev personally, expressing his deep condolences to all of the bereaved relatives and friends, and conveying his heartfelt gratitude for his lavish aid to revolutionary Cuba.
	www.belleville.com /mld/belleville/news/editorial/15628661.htm (2306 words)

	Release of Foreign Relations Volume on the Soviet Union, 1964-1968
		Kosygin for his part told Thompson that he also wanted a relaxation of tensions and informed the President that he was willing to discuss strategic nuclear weapons.
		Johnson and Kosygin conferred later that month in a hastily arranged summit meeting at Glassboro, New Jersey, in connection with Kosygin's attendance at a special session of the UN General Assembly devoted to the Middle East situation.
		In January 1968 Rusk instructed Thompson to tell Kosygin that Johnson believed that it was in their mutual interest to begin official talks on limiting nuclear arms in order to resolve the problem at the earliest practicable moment.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/prs/ps/2001/657.htm (4503 words)

	Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		By the late 1960s, however, his importance in the party and government hierarchy had diminished in relation to that of Brezhnev, although Kosygin continued as premier.
		Most of his efforts, however, were frustrated by Brezhnev's hardline intransigence.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-kosygin.html (207 words)

	TIME.com: Lonely Death of a Survivor -- Dec. 29, 1980 -- Page 1
		When Alexei Kosygin resigned as Soviet Premier last October after more than 40 years of service to the state and the Communist Party, no honors or tributes were bestowed upon the veteran leader.
		Equally tough and tenacious in the Kremlin corridors of power, Kosygin was unsurpassed in his ability to sidestep the purges that had swept away other Soviet leaders of his generation.
		Kosygin must have drawn a lucky lottery ticket." Again, in late 1952, Kosygin's life was in jeopardy when Stalin demoted him and denounced one of his close colleagues.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,922275,00.html (718 words)

	The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan
		KOSYGIN: Maybe we should invite him here and tell him that we will increase our assistance to you, but we cannot deploy troops, since they would be fighting not against the army, which in essence has gone over to the adversary or is just sitting and waiting it out, but against the people.
		Kosygin: We have decided to quickly deliver military equipment and property to you and to repair helicopters and aircraft.
		Kosygin: A statement has just been received from Ziah-ul-Khaq, in which he notes that events in Afghanistan are the internal matter of that state and that Pakistan will not interfere in them.
	www.yirmeyahureview.com /archive/afghanistan/gwu_soviet_experience.htm (12938 words)

	KRT Wire \| 12/18/2006 \| 100 years of Grandpa Brezhnev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexei Kosygin, a pragmatic prime minister, saw the flaws in the economic system and made a feeble attempt to launch reforms and grant more independence to plants and factories in the latter half of the 1960s.
		Brezhnev sincerely believed that no reforms were necessary and did not take much interest in what Kosygin was trying to do.
		Eventually, his attitude let the reforms fade away, and by 1968, a period of economic and political frost had set in: Soviet tanks in Prague; massive trials of dissidents; attempts at re-Stalinization; and the beginning of the end of Alexander Tvardovsky's magazine Novy Mir, a mouthpiece of the liberal intelligentsia.
	www.fortwayne.com /mld/newssentinel/news/editorial/16267267.htm (998 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin[ulyiksyA´ nyiku lI´uvich kusE´gin] Pronunciation Key, 1904–80, Soviet political leader.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Kosygin.html (300 words)

	Soldiers of God Resource 6: Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between Soviet Premier ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Afghan Prime Minister Nur Mohammed Tarki, 17 or 18 March 1979
		Kosygin: Ask Comrade Taraki, perhaps he will outline the situation in Afghanistan.
		Kosygin: I do not want to disappoint you, but it will not be possible to conceal this.
	www.turnerlearning.com /cnn/coldwar/soldiers/sldr_re6.html (436 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Kosygin,
		Communist party in Russia and the Soviet Union, political party that until 1991 exercised all effective power within the Soviet Union, and, as the oldest and for a long time the only ruling Communist party in the world, carried heavy or controlling influence over the Communist parties of other countries (see
		At Hollybush in Glassboro, Pennsylvania, worker Joe Paciocco removes scaffolding as renovations continue on the 1849 building where President Lyndon B. Johnson and Aleksei Kosygin met in 1967.
		This plaque on the exclusive Moscow apartment building known as the House of the Marshals says former Soviet leader Alexei Kosygin once lived there.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Kosygin, (375 words)

	Opinion
		President Ayub knew it very well that the Russians were annoyed with Pakistan for the latter had allowed the United States to use it as its base to stem the tide of Russian infiltration into the warm waters to establish its hegemony and monopoly in the Gulf.
		The Russian Prime Minister, Kosygin could not allay what was in his mind and at last he spoke out his heart to Ayub Khan when he complained “Pakistan had been working hand in hand with the United States”.
		This was the first ever visit of a Soviet Premier and the crowds gave Kosygin a red-carpet welcome which embarrassed the American officials in Islamabad.
	www.defencejournal.com /2003/feb/pak-russia.htm (1197 words)

	The Review - ESSAY: The Russians Were Coming
		Kosygin immediately activated the Moscow-Washington teletype hotline for the first time since it was installed following the Cuban missile crisis of 1962.
		That’s your interpretation and it doesn’t arise directly from Kosygin’s text … That’s diplomatic language which is used to permit certain variations and leave room for future negotiation...
		After Kosygin’s menacing message was received, Undersecretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach was dispatched from the Situation Room to "call in the Israeli ambassador and put pressure on the Israelis to accept a cease-fire." The Israelis, presumably informed of the Soviet threat, soon did — after completing their conquest of the Golan.
	www.aijac.org.au /review/2001/262/essay262.html (2739 words)

	ALEKSEI KOSYGIN - DOCUMENT SIGNED 11/22/1946
		Typed DS: "A. Kosygin" as Chairman of the Soviet Peoples Commissars for Russian Republic, 1p, 8¼x10½.
		Kosygin succeded Khrushchev as Chairman of Council of Ministers from 1964-1980.
		After his death, the Moscow Textile Institute was renamed in his honor and plaques in his honor were placed at October Textile Factory in Leningrad, where he was Director, and at the Kirov Textile and Light Industry Institute in Leningrad, where he studied.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/3_2003/leaders/ALEKSEI_KOSYGIN.htm (176 words)

	Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: The Brezhnev Era
		The new leaders stressed collective leadership (as opposed to Khrushchev's one-man rule), but because of his position at the head of the CPSU Brezhnev held an advantage and by 1970 was clearly the most powerful person in the country, followed at a considerable distance by Kosygin.
		In 1966 the position of first secretary of the CPSU again was called general secretary (as it had been until 1952), and the presidium of the supreme soviet reverted to the name politburo (short for political bureau).
		In the early 1970s there was a notable increase in both the size and quality of the Soviet military, especially the navy.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0861697.html (1513 words)

	The Cold War Museum - Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich
		Following Nikita Khrushchev’s fall from power in 1964, which Brezhnev helped to engineer, he was named first secretary (later general secretary) of the Communist party.
		Although sharing power with Alexei Kosygin, Brezhnev emerged as the chief figure in Soviet politics.
		In 1968, in support of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, he enunciated the “Brezhnev doctrine,” asserting that the USSR could intervene in the domestic affairs of any Soviet bloc nation if Communist rule were threatened.
	www.coldwar.org /articles/60s/leonid_brezhnev.asp (275 words)

	rediff.com Special: Kuldip Nayar remembers the Tashkent summit
		After the war, Alexei Kosygin, the Soviet premier, wrote to Shastri, 'Have pulao and the kababs of Tashkent.' Russia provided a forum.
		At one point, Kosygin told Shastri, "You will have to give up Haji Pir and Tithwa." Shastri said, "In that case, you will have to talk to some other prime minister." The Soviets said the issue would go to the Security Council.
		Then Kosygin intervened and a formula was reached.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/jul/14spec.htm (1111 words)

	Apollo-Soyuz Left Legacy of Cooperation
		Those first steps to an international presence in space are probably best symbolized by an unlikely pair of Cold Warriors -- a U.S. Air Force general and a Soviet Air Force colonel -- who shook hands in space.
		On July 17, 1975, Gen. Thomas Stafford and Col. Alexei Leonov met in the middle, between their docked Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft, and heralded a new era of space travel and cooperation.
		A mission finally got the green light when President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin signed an agreement in 1972 calling for the superpowers to develop a docking system for rescue operations and joint missions and to test it in 1975.
	www.space.com /news/apollosoyuz_anniversary_000713.html (1010 words)

	xFamily Photo Gallery - COG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sackcloth Vigil during Russian Premier Alexei Kosygin's October 1971 visit to Toronto, Canada.
		This is a vigil on the day that Kosygin visited Toronto.
		They had sign like: "Kosygin wants Canada for Desert" and would chant, it was just an unorganized mess of an angry mob.
	gallery.xfamily.org /thumbnails.php?album=1 (211 words)

	People of Action during the 2nd Half of the 20th Century - By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Kosygin was part of a Soviet triumvirate composed of Brezhnev, Podgorny, and himself which jointly ruled the Soviet Union--though Brezhnev's position was paramount, becoming even moreso as the 1970s advanced.
		Nonetheless, he was granted the lesser position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 1965-1977, and supposedly formed part of a joint rulership of Brezhnev, Kosygin and himself.
		In 1977 he was ousted from this state position as Brezhnev took it for himself.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /movers/20th-2nd2.htm (2015 words)

	Vitali Vorotnikov "Fidel and Cuba are inseparable" (Novosti 2006)
		Fidel focused his attention on relations with China, but at that time cooperation did not prove to be as effective as he hoped.
		His meeting with Alexei Kosygin in 1972 provided a fresh impetus for new relations with the U.S.S.R. There was a program for developing different industries, and more qualified advisors were chosen for each branch, defense included.
		They were helping Cuba to do what it wanted rather than act on instructions from Moscow.
	www.walterlippmann.com /docs915.html (5236 words)

	Guide Introduction: The Lyndon B. Johnson Security Files: U.S.S.R. and Eastern
		The especially bitter conflict between the Soviet Union and Red China made it imperative for Moscow to ease tensions with Washington, as did the change in Soviet leadership from Nikita Khruschev to Alexei Kosygin and then to Leonid Brezhnev.
		Kosygin claimed the United States wanted to get rid of the Soviet Union's antiballistic-missile defense system while maintaining its sizable lead in offensive weapons.
		This was a particularly interesting time in U.S.-Soviet relations: Johnson and Kosygin held their Glassboro summit meeting; the Arab-Israeli Six-Day War tested the superpowers' abilities in crisis management as nothing had since the missile crisis; and U.S.-Soviet relations were further strained by expansion of the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam.
	www.lexisnexis.com /Academic/guides/area_studies/nsf/lbjussr.asp (1424 words)

	NASA - JSC Celebrates 40 Years Human Space Flight
		Following additional meetings, in May 1972, when President Nixon visited Moscow, he and Alexei Kosygin, chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers, signed an agreement providing for cooperation and the peaceful use of space by the two nations.
		Alexei A. Leonov, who had made history's first spacewalk in 1965, and rookie Valeriy N. Kubasov were launched aboard Soyuz 19 on July 15, 1975, from Baikonur in the Soviet Union.
		A few hours after the Soviet launch, Thomas P. Stafford (a veteran of three flights), Vance D. Brand (who had never flown in space) and Donald K. Slayton (the only one of the original seven astronauts who had never flown) were launched from Florida aboard Apollo CSM 111.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/johnson/about/history/jsc40/jsc40_pg15.html (620 words)

	ESSAY: ISS Mission Carries the Spirit of Apollo-Soyuz
		The Apollo-Soyuz crews were announced immediately after U.S. President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin signed the "Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes" in Moscow on May 24, 1972.
		He was serving on the backup crew for Gemini 3 in 1965 when he heard that Soviet cosmonaut Leonov had become the first man to perform a space walk.
		Soon after, at Stafford's suggestion, his daughter named her newborn son Alexei in honor of Leonov.
	www.themoscowtimes.com /stories/2000/11/01/039-print.html (1176 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Frontpage
		The dilemma is the result of New Delhi’s curious decision that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi will both visit New York at the same time next month on different missions.
		A US official compared this to a difficult -- but almost impossible -- Cold War dilemma where Soviet party chief Leonid Brezhnev and his prime minister Alexei Kosygin would have landed up in the same American city at the same time.
		The Bush administration’s protocol and security officials are already at their wits’ end over ensuring the safety of 184 heads of state or government, who have so far agreed to attend a special high-level plenary meeting of UN General Assembly, which will open in New York on September 13 and continue for four days.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050808/asp/frontpage/story_5088197.asp (635 words)

	Release of Foreign Relations Volume on the Soviet Union, 1964-1968
		Vietnam and the Deterioration of Relations The Soviet line stiffened after Johnson ordered air strikes against Hanoi, which Kosygin was then visiting, in reprisal for a Communist military attack in South Vietnam.
		The Glassboro Summit Both sides wished to project an image of reasonableness after the latest military clash between their allies in the Middle East, the Six-Day War, which erupted in early June 1967.
		Strategic Arms Control and the Abortive Summit Johnson still wanted a direct encounter with Kosygin to moderate the nuclear arms race.
	www.fas.org /sgp/news/2001/02/frusussr.html (4480 words)

	Timelines - This Day in Alternate History
		Event Description: Moving to crush his political rivals,Alexei Kosygin orders the arrest of Leonid Brezhnev and five of Brezhnev's associates;in Cuba,the last remaining Soviet military advisors in the country arrive at Sagua la Grande for evacuation back to the USSR.
		Event Description: The Cuban frigate Jose Marti is sunk in the waters west of Cabo Cruz by American guided missile warships;while most of her crew either go down with the ship or get captured by US forces,20 seamen manage to make it to Jamaica on life rafts and claim political asylum there.
		Event Description: In a rambling six-hour televised address from the Cuban presidential palace in Havana,Fidel Castro denounces Alexei Kosygin as "a treacherous,cowardly dog";Western intelligence analysts interpret Castro's tirade as a sign that Cuba may be about to break off diplomatic ties with the USSR.
	www.othertimelines.com /testing/viewtimeline.php?timelineID=1024 (2555 words)

	Sino-Soviet split - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In November, the Chinese Premier, Zhou Enlai, went to Moscow to speak with the new leaders, Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin, but he returned to report that the Soviets had no intention of changing their position.
		After 1965, the Sino-Soviet split was an established fact, and the onset of Mao's Cultural Revolution severed all contact between the two countries, and indeed between mainland China and most of the rest of the world.
		In September, Kosygin made a secret visit to Beijing and held talks with Zhou Enlai.
	www.proxydrop.info /index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmcvd2lraS9TaW5vLVNvdmlldF9TcGxpdA== (2913 words)

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