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	Alexis Claude Clairaut http://www
		Clairaut was one of the participating scientist who helped obtain and measure the meridian degree of the earth’s surface.
		In 1741 Clairaut went on a scientific expedition to measure the length of a meridian degree on the earth's surface, and on his return in 1743 he published his Théorie de la figure de la terre.
		Clairaut subsequently wrote various papers on the orbit of the moon, and on the motion of comets as affected by the perturbation of the planets, particularly on the path of Halley's comet.
	www.southernct.edu /~pinciuv/mat530pr5.html (594 words)

	Clairaut biography
		Alexis used Euclid's Elements while learning to read and by the age of nine he had mastered the excellent mathematics textbook of Guisnée Application de l'algèbre à la géométrie which provided a good introduction to the differential and integral calculus as well as analytical geometry.
		However, by the spring of 1748, Clairaut realised that the difference between the observed motion of the moon's apogee and the one predicted by the theory was due to errors coming from the approximations that were being made rather than from the inverse square law of gravitational attraction.
		Clairaut decided to apply his knowledge of the three-body problem to compute the orbit of Halley's comet and so predict the exact date of its return.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Clairaut.html (2004 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Clairaut was educated at home by his father, who taught mathematics in Paris.
		Clairaut decided to apply his knowledge of the three-body problem to compute the orbit of Halley's comet and predict the exact date of its return.
		Clairaut wrote some important memoirs on the topic, studying the theory as well as conducting optical experiments.
	www.stetson.edu /~efriedma/periodictable/html/Cl.html (638 words)

	Clairaut
		Clairaut calculated to within a month the return in 1759 of Halley's comet to its perihelion (closest point to the Sun).
		Alexis C Clairaut was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1737.
		Rue Clairaut is in the 17th Arrondissement in Paris.
	members.tripod.com /sfabel/mathematik/database/Clairaut.html (296 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713 - 1765) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Claude Clairaut was born at Paris on May 13, 1713, and died there on May 17, 1765.
		In 1741 Clairaut went on a scientific expedition to measure the length of a meridian degree on the earth's surface, and on his return in 1743 he published his
		This is founded on a paper by Maclaurin, wherein it had been shewn that a mass of homogeneous fluid set in rotation about a line through its centre of mass would, under the mutual attraction of its particles, take the form of a spheroid.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/Clairaut/RouseBall/RB_Clairaut.html (427 words)

	Alexis Clairault Summary
		Clairaut's book, Théorie de la figure de la terre, which he published in 1743, was said to be responsible to a great degree for the acceptance of Isaac Newton's gravitational theories.
		The book was the result of Clairaut's journey to Lapland in 1736, where he assisted Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, director of the exploration, in measuring the curvature of the Earth inside the arctic circle.
		Alexis Claude Clairault (or Clairaut) (May 3, 1713 – May 17, 1765) was a French mathematician and thinker.
	www.bookrags.com /Alexis_Clairault (1416 words)

	Informat.io on Alexis Claude Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Claude Clairault (or Clairaut) (May 3, 1713 – May 17, 1765) was a French mathematician and thinker.
		In 1849 Stokes showed that the same result was true whatever was the interior constitution or density of the Earth, provided the surface was a spheroid of equilibrium of small ellipticity.
		Alexis Clairault at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
	www.informat.io /?title=alexis-claude-clairaut (486 words)

	Alexis-Claude Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Clairaut was a member of the French Academie des Sciences.
		Alexis-Claude Clairaut was one of the most renown mathematicians and physicists of the 18th century.
		Clairaut was one of the scientists who accompanied Maupertuis to Lapland to collect data that was used to determine the shape of the earth.
	www.visitvoltaire.com /e_alexis-claude_clairaut.htm (271 words)

	Clairaut
		Alexis Clairaut's father, Jean-Baptiste Clairaut, taught mathematics in Paris and showed his quality by being elected to the Berlin Academy.
		Euler still felt he did not properly understand what Clairaut had done so he tried to tempt him to write it up properly by having the St Petersburg Academy to set the problem of the moon's apogee as the prize topic for 1752.
		Clairaut improved his results when he used a different method in his prize winning paper submitted to the St Petersburg Academy for the 1762 prize.
	www.educ.fc.ul.pt /icm/icm2003/icm14/Clairaut.htm (1795 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Claude de Clairault (or Clairaut) (May 3, 1713 â“ May 17, 1765) was a French mathematician and thinker.
		Clairault was born in Paris, France, where his father taught mathematics.
		In this work he promulgated the theorem, known as Clairaut's theorem, which connects the gravity at points on the surface of a rotating ellipsoid with the; compression and the centrifugal force at the equator.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Alexis_Claude_Clairaut (527 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Clairaut, Alexis Claude, a French mathematician and astronomer, born...
		A precocious youth, Alexis Clairaut was admitted Euler's Correspondence with of Sciences at sixteen...
		She She was Alexis Claude Clairaut, who supported Newtonian physics when the French still a friend to had an affair with one of her...
	alexisacku.qaseujyu.info (434 words)

	Biografía matemáticos:Alexis Claude Clairaut (Bibliografía) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The problem of the Earth's shape from Newton to Clairaut : the rise of mathematical science in eighteenth-century Paris and the fall of 'normal' science.
		Clairaut and the origin of the distance formula, Amer.
		Clairaut's calculations of the eighteenth-century return of Halley's comet, J. Hist.
	www.divulgamat.net /weborriak/Historia/MateOspetsuak/ClairautBiblio.asp (201 words)

	Clairaut Alexis Claude
		Alexis Clairaut was educated at home by his father,...
		Clairaut also became friends with KÃ¶nig and, for many years,...; Clairaut, Alexis ClaudeCLAIRAUT, Alexis Claude (1713-1765) MatemÃ¡tico francÃ©s nacido y fallecido en ParÃs.
		Clairaut era un niÃ±o prodigio que estudiÃ³ el anÃ¡lisis matemÃ¡tico a la...; Clairaut summary - Alexis Clairaut (1713-1765)...
	xoomer.alice.it /erbocco/images/jbazafozo (212 words)

	The Problem of the Earth's Shape from Newton to Clairaut - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The evolution of Parisian physics, then, proved to be not merely the replacement of one paradigm with another, as might be expected from Thomas Kuhn's formulations about scientific revolutions, but a long, complicated process involving many areas of research and contributions from the entire scientific world.
		Clairaut's mature theory of the Earth's shape (1741-1743): first substantial connections between the revival of mathematics in Paris and progress in mechanics there; 10.
		Epilogue: Fontaine's and Clairaut's advances in the partial differential calculus revisited, or the virtues of interrelated developments in mathematics and science, and the fall of 'normal' science; Notes to chapters; Biography.
	www.cambridge.org /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521385415 (332 words)

	Search Results for "Alexis"
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		He was noted for his research in medieval French literature and for initiating...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col65&query=Alexis (252 words)

	CLAIRAUT, ALEXIS CLAUDE (1713 - 1765)
		This is the first edition of Clairaut's first publication, a treatise on tortuous curves, with six folding engraved plates, written when he was only sixteen.
		The Académie des Sciences was so impressed by this mathematical prodigy that it suspended its rules of admission to elect him to the Académie at the age of eighteen.
		Much of Clairaut's later research was on the effect of gravity and centrifugal force on rotating bodies, going beyond Isaac Newton whose monumental Principia he assisted in translating.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /~mainzv/exhibitmath/exhibit/clairaut.htm (94 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut - The degree measurements by de Maupertuis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis Claude Clairaut - The degree measurements by de Maupertuis
		Alexis Clairaut was born in 1713 and died in 1765.
		Clairaut proposition postulates in a simple way the dependency of the
	www4.rovaniemi.fi /lapinkavijat/maupertuis/clairaut_eng.html (84 words)

	Alexis_Claude_Clairaut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 1736, together with Pierre Louis Maupertuis, he took part in the expedition to Lapland, which was undertaken for the purpose of estimating a degree of the meridian, and on his return he published his treatise ThÃ©orie de la figure de la terre (1743).
		In this work he promulgated the theorem, known as Clairaut's theorem, which connects the gravity at points on the surface of a rotating ellipsoid with the compression and the centrifugal force at the equator.
		He obtained an ingenious approximate solution of the problem of the three bodies; in 1750 he gained the prize of the St Petersburg Academy for his essay ThÃ©orie de la lune; and in 1759 he calculated the perihelion of Halley's comet.
	www.home-botanical-copy.info /Alexis_Claude_Clairaut (609 words)

	The History of Curvature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Clairaut’s "new" curvature, which he named "torsion" was a measure of how quickly a space curve pulls away from the plane of its osculating circle at a point (Kline 559).
		In order to study such curves, Clairaut borrowed one of Descartes’ methods and projected his space curves onto two perpendicular planes, then treating these projections as regular plane curves (Kline 557).
		Clairaut’s work was significant, because it paved the way for later geometers, such as Gauss, to study the curvature of surfaces, which also bend in two directions.
	www.brown.edu /Students/OHJC/hm4/k.htm (3531 words)

	Clairaut
		http://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/chap7.pdf) Clairaut was elected to the Royal Society of London, the Academy of Berlin, the Academy of St. Petersburg and the Academies of Bologna and
		Clairaut also showed that the area of a rectangle is the product of the measures of the length and the width and then a triangle is half of its base and height since a triangle is half of a rectangle.
		’s conclusion and Clairaut’s is that Clairaut used what he considered a more natural way.
	home.southernct.edu /~merckj1/MAT360Project.html (714 words)

	Euler's Correspondence with Alexis Claude Clairaut
		A precocious youth, Alexis Clairaut was admitted to the French Academy of Sciences at the age of sixteen -- below the legal age for admittance.
		He is perhaps best known for his work on the three-body problem; his determination of the shape of the Earth (confirming Newton's declaration that it would be flattened at the poles); and his settling an apparent difference between observations of the apogees of the moon and theoretical predictions of the same.
		He wrote Clairaut to ask for assistance, but was apparently sufficiently unsatisfied with Clairaut's answer.
	www.math.dartmouth.edu /~euler/correspondence/correspondents/Clairaut.html (204 words)

	Alexis Claude Clairaut - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		He assisted P. de Maupertuis in measuring (1736) a degree of an arc of a meridian in Lapland.
		He is noted for his work on differential equations and on curves and for formulating Clairaut's theorem dealing with geodesic lines on the surface of an ellipsoid.
		Copyright 2006 Columbia University Press For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Clairaut.html (106 words)

	The New Atlantis - The Age of Female Computers - David Skinner
		But it was the French mathematician Alexis-Claude Clairaut, along with Lalande and Lepaute, who first computed the date of the comet’s perihelion with any precision in 1757, predicting it would occur in the spring of the following year.
		Lalande and Lepaute focused on the orbits and gravitational pulls of Jupiter and Saturn (the three-body problem), while Clairaut focused on the comet’s orbit.
		“With the perspective of modern astronomy,” Grier writes, “we know that Clairaut did not account for the influences of Uranus and Neptune, two large planets that were unknown in 1757.” Still, the result of their number-crunching was a tenfold improvement in accuracy over Halley’s prediction, if still not perfect.
	www.thenewatlantis.com /archive/12/skinner.htm (2564 words)

	Rudy Rucker's KappaTau Space Curve Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Historically, space curves were first discussed by the mathematician Alexis-Claude Clairaut in a paper called "Recherche sur les Courbes a Double Courbure," published in 1731 when Clairaut was eighteen [1].
		Clairaut is said to have been an attractive, engaging man; he was a popular figure in eighteenth-century Paris society.
		In speaking of "double curvature," Clairaut meant that a path through three-dimensional space can warp itself in two independent ways; he thought of a curve in terms of its shadow projections onto, say, the floor and a wall.
	www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/rucker/kaptaudoc/ktpaper.htm (3028 words)

	Clairaut, Alexis Claude - A Dictionary of Astronomy - HighBeam Research
		Clairaut, Alexis Claude - A Dictionary of Astronomy - HighBeam Research
		Clairaut, Alexis Claude (1713–65) French mathematician and physicist.
		In 1736 he took part in an expedition to Lapland to measure the length of a degree of latitude; the result proved that the Earth is an oblate spheroid.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1O80-ClairautAlexisClaude.html (87 words)

	Alexis-Claude Clairaut Beschreibung in Library - Definition und Buch-Tipp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alexis-Claude Clairaut (auch Clairault) (* 7.05 1713 in Paris, † 17.05 1765 in Paris) war ein französischer Mathematiker und Physiker.
		Clairaut berechnete die Wiederkehr des Kometen Halley für das Jahr 1759 (Edmond Halley hatte die Wiederkehr für 1758 vorausgesagt).
		Nach Clairaut ist die Clairaut-Gleichung, eine Differentialgleichung, benannt.
	alexis_claude_clairaut.know-library.net (745 words)

	CLAIRAULT (or CLAIRAUT... - Online Information article about CLAIRAULT (or CLAIRAUT...
		- Online Information article about CLAIRAULT (or CLAIRAUT...
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		Clairault died at Paris, on the 17th of May 1765.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHR_CLI/CLAIRAULT_or_CLAIRAUT_ALEXIS_CL.html (448 words)

	ESA - Space Science - 7 May
		It included precise measurements of the spacecraft's roll angle in space, subtle image distortions, and an investigation into the effects of stray light, which contaminate the science images.
		1713: On 7 May 1713, Alexis Claude Clairaut was born.
		He determined the first reasonable value for the mass of Venus, an improved value for the mass of the Moon, and predicted the timing of the return of Comet Halley.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/SEMY8O77ESD_index_0.html (463 words)

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