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Topic: Alfonso I of Portugal

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	Alfonso V, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The duke was triumphant (1440) and retained power after Alfonso was declared of age (1446) until the young king fell under the influence of Dom Pedro’s illegitimate half brother, Alfonso, duke of Braganza.
		Less rewarding was his long attempt to win the throne of Castile after his marriage—never sanctioned by the church—in 1475 to Juana la Beltraneja, officially the daughter and heiress of Henry IV of Castile, although generally thought to be the child of Beltrán de la Cueva.
		Alfonso, badly beaten in the battle of Toro (1476), capitulated in 1479.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alfon5Por.html (263 words)

	Afonso V of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the oldest son of king Duarte of Portugal by his wife, princess Eleanor of Aragon.
		To secure his position as regent, in 1445 Pedro married his daughter, Isabel of Coimbra, princess of Portugal, to Afonso V. But in June 9, 1448, when the king came of age, Pedro had to surrender his power to Afonso V. The years of conspiracy by the duke of Braganza finally came to a head.
		This marriage was an attempt to inherit the throne of Castile as Joan was the sole daughter of Henry IV.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Portugal (1110 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alfonso IV, king of Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Alfonso IV 1291–1357, king of Portugal (1325–57), son and successor of Diniz.
		He was involved (1337–40) in a fruitless war with Alfonso XI of Castile before joining him in a campaign against the Moors that culminated in the notable victory of Tarifa (Oct., 1340).
		Alfonso is, however, best remembered for countenancing the murder (1355) of his son's mistress (or wife), InEs de Castro, one of the most romantic figures in Portuguese history.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alfon4Por.html (274 words)

	Portugal - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Portugal is bordered by Spain on the east and north and by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and south.
		Alfonso's successors were faced with the tasks of recapturing Alentejo and Algarve from the Moors and of rebuilding the areas devastated by the long wars.
		Although her reign was marred by coups and dictatorship, the activities of moderates and liberals laid a groundwork for the reforms—penal laws, a civil code (1867), and commercial regulations—of the reigns of Peter V (1853-61; begun under the regency of Maria's husband Ferdinand II) and of Louis I (1861-89).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-portugal.html (3479 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Portugal
		Portugal is situated on the west of the Iberian Peninsula, being bounded on the north and east by Spain and on the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean.
		Alfonso Henriques early resolved to protect himself against the claims of his powerful neighbour and overlord, and in 1142 he offered his kingdom to the Church, declared himself the pope's vassal, and promised, for himself and his successors, to pay an annual feudal tribute of four ounces of gold.
		Fortunately, the first wife of Alfonso III died shortly afterwards, and the king's bigamous union with Beatrice and their issue were legitimated by Urban IV at the request of the bishops.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12297a.htm (9947 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg64 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Branca Princess Of PORTUGAL was born on 13 Jul 1388 in, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
		Alfonso Prince Of PORTUGAL was born on 30 Jul 1390 in, Santarbem, Santarbem, Portugal.
		Pedro Prince Of PORTUGAL AND THE ALGARVES was born on 9 Dec 1392 in, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg64.htm (1204 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Alfonso III of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afonso III of Portugal (the Burgundian), fifth king of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on May 5, 1210 and died in February 16, 1279, in the same city.
		Alfonso married Matilda II of Boulogne, daughter of Renaud de Dammartin and Ida of Boulogne, in 1238.
		Alfonso next married Beatriz of Castile Alfonso, daughter of Alfonso X the Wise of Castile and Mayor Guillén de Guzman, in 1253.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/200.htm (530 words)

	Portugal
		1112) and grandson of Alfonso VI of Leon and Castile.
		In 1250-51 Alfonso III conquered the Moorish kingdom of Algarve for Portugal.
		In 1826 Pedro I of Brazil succeeded to the throne of Portugal as Pedro IV.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/portugal.htm (7374 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - New Monarchies: Portugal
		The continual disputation of succession was exacerbated by the policy of intermarriage between the royal houses of Portugal and Castile that was initiated by Diniz of Portugal (1261-1325) and Ferdinand IV of Castile and León (1286?-1312) to end the wars between their two kingdoms.
		Alfonso IV allied with Alfonso XI of Castile and León to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Salado River in 1340.
		Portuguese navigators explored the west coast of Africa during John II's reign and the importance of Iberian explorations is evidenced in the Treaty of Tordesillas.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/monarchies5.html (634 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg930 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Alfonso I of Portugal HENRIQUES [Parents] was born 25 Jul 1110 in Guimaraes.
		Matilda married Alfonso I of Portugal HENRIQUES on 1146.
		Alfonso I of Portugal HENRIQUES was born 25 Jul 1110 and died 6 Dec 1185.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg930.htm (333 words)

	Afonso IV of Portugal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the only legitimate son of Dinis of Portugal by his wife Elizabeth.
		The first-born of this union, princess Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal, was promised to another Castilian princess, Constance of Penafiel.
		The faction grew in power, especially after Ines de Castro, daughter of an important nobleman and maid of the Crown Princess Constance, became the lover of her lady's husband: Peter, the heir of Portugal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Portugal (807 words)

	Alfonso, X Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Alfonso X (1221-1284) was king of Castile and León from 1252 to 1284.
		The eldest son of Ferdinand III and Beatrice of Swabia, Alfonso was born in Toledo on Nov. 23, 1221.
		Alfonso spent much of the next 20 years in a vain attempt to gain the crown of the Holy Roman Empire, which he claimed by right of his German mother.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/alfonso-x (658 words)

	Alfonso III - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alfonso IX: Ferdinand III (of Castile and León)
		Alfonso I (of Portugal): John III (of Portugal)
		John III (of Portugal), in Portuguese, João III (1502-1557), King of Portugal (1521-1557), the son of King Emanuel.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Alfonso_III.html (131 words)

	Lessons in Decline - Part Two: Portugal
		Portugal was occupied along with Spain by the Romans during the 2nd Century BC and incorporated into the province of Lusitania.
		Portugal became embroiled in the First World War on the side of the Allies, rumbling through intermittent periods of disturbance until the republic was overthrown in a military coup in 1926.
		The immediate effect for Portugal was an another huge influx of several hundred thousand colonial ex-pats, a vast number of whom brought their Black wives and mixed race children with them away from the chaos of the colonies.
	www.white-history.com /hwr22p.htm (2010 words)

	Alfonso, I Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Alfonso Henriques was born at Guimarães in the castle of his father, Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal.
		Although northern Portugal is well protected from Spanish incursions by the rugged Douro Gorge, the most significant roots of Portuguese independence lie in the political weakness of 12th-century Castile, which was unable to prevent the independence of either León or Portugal.
		Alfonso must thus be seen as a consummate politician who took full advantage of the moment to declare his country's independence.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/alfonso-i (694 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alfonso III, king of Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Alfonso III 1210–79, king of Portugal (1248–79), son of Alfonso II, brother and successor of Sancho II.
		Alfonso completed the reconquest of Portugal from the Moors by taking (1249) the rest of the Algarve.
		Alfonso's second marriage brought the Portuguese king into disfavor with the church because Matilda was still living, but her death ended the conflict.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alfon3Por.html (321 words)

	Isabel, Queen of Castile and Leon
		Enrique was crowned King of Castile, and two years later he married the sister of King Alfonso V of Portugal, Juana, in May of 1445.
		Feeling that he had not been rewarded for his aid with the couple in their marriage and coronation, he turned his allegiance to King Afonso V of Portugal, who was now betrothed to his niece, Juana 'la Beltraneja'.
		Isabel married Afonso of Portugal in 1490 at the age of 20.
	royalwomen.tripod.com /id19.html (2242 words)

	Alfonso VI, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		After Alfonso’s marriage (1666) to Marie Françoise of Savoy, daughter of the duc de Nemours, the young queen took a hand in government.
		She and the king’s younger brother (later Peter II) fell in love, and in 1667 they forced Castelho Melhor from power and made Alfonso sign over the government to Peter, who became prince regent.
		Alfonso was confined in the Azores until 1674 and at Sintra thereafter.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alfon6Por.html (210 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Alfonso I of Portugal Henriques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Afonso I Henriques of Portugal (Guimarães, 1109, traditionally July 25, — 1185), known as the Conqueror, was the first king of Portugal, declaring his independence from Leon-Castile, an act often identifying the Condado Portucalense as the first nation-based state of Europe.
		Afonso was the son of Henry, Count of Portugal and Teresa of Leon, the illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VI of Castile.
		Alfonso married Matilda of Savoy de Maurienne, daughter of Amadeus III of Savoy and Mathilde of Vienne (Albon), in 1146.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/4846.htm (1060 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alfonso I, king of Portugal (Spanish And Portuguese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Alfonso I 1109?–1185, first king of Portugal, son of Henry of Burgundy.
		In 1128 young Alfonso, who had allied himself with discontented nobles, defeated her in battle and drove her into LeOn with PErez (Alfonso did not, despite the popular legend, put her in chains at GuimarAes).
		Alfonso's son Sancho I ascended an established throne.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Alfon1Por.html (327 words)

	flagsonline.net Flag of Portugal
		The white shield charged with five blue shields are the arms adopted by the first king of Portugal, Alfonso Henriques I, after he defeated the Moors to establish the Christian kingdom of Portugal in 1139.
		The red border with castles was added to the original arms a century later to commemorate the expansion of Portugal’s territory and the marriage of King Alfonso III to Beatrix of Castile.
		The blue shields symbolise the first king of Portugal, Alfonso Henriques I, victory over five Moorish kings and the divine assistance he received to do so is represented by the five dots, symbolising the five wounds of Christ.
	www.flagsonline.net /portugese.htm (305 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Alfonso IX of León (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alfonso founded the University of Salamanca and captured Cáceres, Badajoz, and Mérida from the Muslim Almohads.
		Alfonso married Teresa of Portugal, daughter of Sancho I Martino of Portugal and Dulcia of Barcelona.
		Alfonso next married Berengaria of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor Plantagenet, in 1197 in Valladolid, Spain.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/3275.htm (286 words)

	Refuting Arthur Kemp's Chapter 22 of March of the Titans - Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The single reason why Portugal pioneered oceanic explorations was because of the stability it benefited from, thanks to its unique geographic location.
		Portugal began this trade in Europe, and were the first nation to import a large number of Negroes.
		Portugal wasn't Brazil, and the slave owners had a lot less liberty to do what they wanted to do with their slaves.
	www.geocities.com /refuting_kemp/titans_22_2a.html (2477 words)

	Alfonso I, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After his father’s death (1112), his mother, Countess Teresa, ruled the county of Portugal with the help of her Spanish lover, Fernando Pérez.
		In 1128 young Alfonso, who had allied himself with discontented nobles, defeated her in battle and drove her into León with Pérez (Alfonso did not, despite the popular legend, put her in chains at Guimarães).
		Beginning as little more than a quasi-independent guerrilla chief, Alfonso spent his life in almost ceaseless fighting against the kings of León and Castile and against the Moors to increase his prestige and his territories.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alfon1Por.html (244 words)

	The Discovery of America. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Portugal and Castilla (Spain) were well-advanced in the exploration of overseas mercantile routes and Sevilla, a wealthy and populous Spanish city, was by then an important commercial centre.
		We know that the African routes were closed to Castilla in favour of Portugal, In 1479, under the Treaty of Alcacoba, Alfonso V of Portugal renounced his claims to Castilla and recognized the rights of Castilla over the Canary Islands, while Castilla recognized the rights of Portugal over the Azores, Cape Verde and Madeira.
		Its only rival was its neighbour, Portugal, which, as we know, had put a stop to Spanish expansion in Africa.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/discover.html (337 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Matilda of Savoy de Maurienne
		Marriage: Alfonso I of Portugal Henriques in 1146
		Matilda married Alfonso I of Portugal Henriques, son of Henry of Burgundy and Teresa of Castile, in 1146.
		(Alfonso I of Portugal Henriques was born on 25 Jul 1110 in Guimaraes and died on 6 Dec 1185 in Coimbra, Portugal.)
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/4847.htm (86 words)

	Portugal > History and Events > Date Table > Second County of Portugal
		Portugal is ruled by his Henry's wife Dona Teresa and Don Soeiro Mendes in the absence of Henry as he travels to Rome and then onto Jerusalem
		Don Alfonso VI of Castile dies - his wife Dona Urraca is the sole inheritor of the Kingdom of Castile and marries Don Alfonso I of Aragon
		Dona Alfonso VII of Castile invades Portugal and besieges Guimarães - Count Egas Moniz de Ribadouro convinces Don Alfonso VII of the loyalty of County of Portugal to the Kingdoms of Castile and León
	www.portugal-info.net /history/second-county.htm (1090 words)

	Alfonso V (of Portugal) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Alfonso V (of Portugal) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
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	uk.encarta.msn.com /Alfonso_V_(of_Portugal).html (53 words)

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