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Topic: Alfonso XI of Castile

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	Alfonso XI of Castile - Biocrawler
		Alfonso XI of Castile (August 13, 1311 - March 26/27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Peter I of Castile, but he could be bloody in his methods.
		It may be that his early death, during the great plague of 1350, at the siege of Gibraltar, only averted a desperate struggle with his legitimate son, though it was a misfortune in that it removed a ruler of eminent capacity, who understood his subjects well enough not to go too far.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile (177 words)

	Untitled Document
		Alfonso XI didn’t divert troops to the Portuguese border: the intervention of troops from the bishopric of Jaén and the Council of Seville was enough to defeat the Portuguese at Villanueva de Barcarrota and force Alfonso IV to raise his siege of Jaén.
		Alfonso IV intervened in the war against Islam, which was surrounded with the solemn atmosphere of a crusade, only after his own daughter and son-in-law came to Portugal and begged him to.
		Alfonso V decided to intervene in Castile in defense of the eventual rights of his niece, Juana, the Excellent Lady, who was by then engaged to be married.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/html/issue1/html/palenzuela_main.html (11423 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Alfonso XI of Castile
		Alfonso XI of Castile (1312 - March 27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Peter the Cruel, but he could be bloody in his methods.
		He killed for reasons of state without form of trial, while his open neglect of his wife, Maria of Portugal[?], and his ostentatious passion for Leonora de Guzman[?], who bore him a large family of sons, set Peter an example which he did not fail to better.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/al/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile (177 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Castile and Aragon
		Castile is a matter of dispute, but it is more than probably derived from the fortified castles (castillos), built first by the Romans to protect themselves from the Cantabrians whom they had not completely subjugated, and afterwards by the Christians to defend the northern regions which they had conquered from the Moors.
		Castile is divided, that of the Tagus to the north, and that of the Guadiana to the south.
		Alfonso XI (1310-50) in the battle of Salado annihilated the last of the Mussulmans who attempted the reconquest of Spain.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03410b.htm (3290 words)

	Alfonso XI - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Alfonso XI (1311-1350), King of León and Castile (1312-1350).
		Alfonso XI of Castile (Salamanca, August 13, 1311 – Gibraltar, March 26 / 27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife...
		Alfonso XI de Borgoña, el Justiciero (Salamanca, 13 de agosto de 1311 – Gibraltar, 26 de marzo de 1350), fue rey de Castilla y León.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Alfonso_XI.html (195 words)

	Alfonso XI - Encyclopedia.com
		Alfonso XI 1311-50, Spanish king of Castile and León (1312-50), son and successor of Ferdinand IV.
		By the Ordenamiento de Alcalá, issued at Alcalá de Henares in 1348, Alfonso enforced the Siete Partidas of Alfonso X. He died while besieging Gibraltar and was succeeded by his son, Peter the Cruel.
		The mechanics of monarchy: knighting Castile's king, 1332.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Alfon11Sp.html (815 words)

	Alfonso XI of Castile Biography
		Alfonso XI of Castile (August 13 1311 - March 26/27 1350) was the king of Castile and Le?n the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Peter the Cruel but he could be bloody in his methods.
		It may be that his early death during the great plague of 1350 at the siege of Gibraltar only averted a desperate struggle with his legitimate son though it was a misfortune in that it removed a ruler of eminent capacity who understood his subjects well enough not to go too far.
	www.ebiog.com /biography/363/alfonso-xi-of-castile/bio.htm (146 words)

	Alfonso XI of Castile
		Alfonso XI of Castile (1312 - March 27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Peter the Cruel, but he could be bloody in his methods.
		It may be that his early death, during the great plague of 1350, at the siege of Gibraltar[?], only averted a desperate struggle with his legitimate son, though it was a misfortune in that it removed a ruler of eminent capacity, who understood his subjects well enough not to go too far.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Alphonso_XI_of_Castile.html (144 words)

	Alfonso_XI_of_Castile - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		Alfonso XI of Castile (Salamanca, August 13, 1311 - Gibraltar, March 26/27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Pedro of Castile, but he could be bloody in his methods.
		Juana Alfonso of Castile, Lady of Trastamara (born 1330).
	www.thewordbook.com /Alfonso_XI_of_Castile (407 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Alfonso XI of Castile
		Alfonso XI of Castile (Salamanca, August 13, 1311 – Gibraltar, March 26/27, 1350) was the king of Castile and León, the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal.
		Alfonso XI never went to the insane lengths of his son Pedro of Castile, but he could be bloody in his methods.
		Juana Alfonso of Castile, Lady of Trastamara (born 1330).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Alfonso_XI_of_Castile (336 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - New Monarchies: Portugal
		The continual disputation of succession was exacerbated by the policy of intermarriage between the royal houses of Portugal and Castile that was initiated by Diniz of Portugal (1261-1325) and Ferdinand IV of Castile and León (1286?-1312) to end the wars between their two kingdoms.
		Alfonso IV the Brave (1290-1357), followed his father as king of Portugal in 1357.
		Alfonso IV allied with Alfonso XI of Castile and León to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Salado River in 1340.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/monarchies5.html (634 words)

	BATTLES OF CASTILE & LEON
		The king of Aragon, Alfonso I "the battler", and the count Enrique of Portugal, defeat the Castilian Queen Urraca (wife of Alfonso I).
		A Castilian army (militias of Cuenca, Huete, Moya & Alarcón), under the command of Alfonso Téllez and the bishop of Cuenca defeats the Muslim kings of Seville & Murcia (Ali Ibn-Aarki).
		During the "War of the two Peters" (Peter I "the cruel" of Castile vs. Peter IV of Aragón) the Castilian fleet fails to disembark in Barcelone.
	es.geocities.com /endovelico2001/med/battle.html (2806 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		His rival was sentenced to exile in Castile, and stripped of all the lands and fiefdoms donated by their common father.
		The first-born of this union, Infanta Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal, was promised to another Castilian infanta, Constance of Penafiel.
		Afonso married Beatrice of Castile (1293-1359) in 1309, daughter of Sancho IV, King of Castile, and Maria de Molia and had four sons and three daughters.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Afonso_IV_of_Portugal (744 words)

	Medieval Dates
		Castile, due to a political marriage of convenience, is united with Navarre.
		Alfonso XI of Castile (1312-1350) begins his reign amidst the chaos of civil wars.
		Isabella I of Castile (the half-sister of the "heirless" Enrique IV) marries Ferdinand V of Aragon.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /santiago/text.html (2125 words)

	Old Castile - Encyclopedia.com
		The master soapmakers follow a 300-year-old recipe from the Castile region of Spain, mixing olive and coconut oils with herbs...
		Travel: King of the Castile; Iain Mayhew admires the glories of Avila in Spain, where nuns were bold and veggies fear to tread.(Features)
		The unification of Castile and Aragon under Ferdinand and Isabella...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-OldCasti.html (1027 words)

	Spanish royal murder mystery solved - Boston.com
		One of Spain's great royal legends may have been put to rest by medical tests that show Sancho, son of King Pedro I "the Cruel" of Castile, and a successor to the throne, was likely to have died in 1370 of a lung infection such as pneumonia.
		Examinations of the prince's body have found no trace of cyanide, arsenic, mercury or any other poison his uncle, Enrique, was believed to have used to kill him, according to the convent where the prince's remains have lain since 1409.
		Enrique, the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile, killed his half brother Pedro I in the Castilian civil war in 1369 and became King Enrique I "the Bastard" of Castile.
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/12/23/spanish_royal_murder_mystery_solved (280 words)

	Chapter Alexandrine Age <i>to</i> All cannot do all of A by Brewer's Phrase & Fable
		Alfonso to whom Tasso dedicated his Jerusalem Delivered, was Alfonso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara.
		Alfonso XI of Castile, whose "favourite" was Leonora de Guzman.
		Being threatened with excommunication unless he put her away (as Leonora was in love with Ferdinando, a brave officer), the king created Ferdinando Marquis of Montreal, and gave him the hand of his mistress in marriage.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1166/19689/1.html (467 words)

	Henry the Navigator (Site not responding. Last check: )
		King Alfonso III, who reigned from 1248 to 1279, completed the expulsion of the Moors from the Algarve and moved the capital of Portugal from Coimbra to Lisbon.
		Diniz's successor, Alfonso IV, joined with Alfonso XI of Castile to win a major victory over the Moors at the Battle of the Salado River in 1340.
		In this period the royal houses of Castile and Portugal frequently intermarried, repeatedly raising the possibility that one of the kingdoms might be absorbed by the other.
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/henry.html (1893 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Alfonso IV - AOL Research & Learn
		He was involved (1337–40) in a fruitless war with Alfonso XI of Castile before joining him in a campaign against the Moors that culminated in the notable victory of Tarifa (Oct., 1340).
		Alfonso is, however, best remembered for countenancing the murder (1355) of his son's mistress (or wife), Inés de Castro, one of the most romantic figures in Portuguese history.
		His son (later Peter I) promptly led a rebellion, but peace between father and son was restored before Alfonso's death.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/alfonso-iv/20051205143509990015 (169 words)

	HotBot Web Search for alfonso
		Alfonso Cuarón Orozco was born in 28 November in Mexico City, Mexico.
		Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7, 1976 in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic) is a Major League Baseball outfielder for the Chicago...
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	www.hotbot.com /inderelated9index.php?query=alfonso (275 words)

	Alfonso IV, king of Portugal. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He was involved (1337–40) in a fruitless war with Alfonso XI of Castile before joining him in a campaign against the Moors that culminated in the notable victory of Tarifa (Oct., 1340).
		Alfonso is, however, best remembered for countenancing the murder (1355) of his son’s mistress (or wife), Inés de Castro, one of the most romantic figures in Portuguese history.
		His son (later Peter I) promptly led a rebellion, but peace between father and son was restored before Alfonso’s death.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alfon4Por.html (191 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Peter IV - AOL Research & Learn
		Peter IV Peter IV (Peter the Ceremonious), 1319?–1387, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1336–87); son and successor of Alfonso IV.
		He supported Alfonso XI of Castile at the battle of Tarifa (1340), recovered (1343–44) the kingdom of Majorca, and engaged in an indecisive naval war with Genoa and Pisa over possession of Sardinia.
		Though forced to confirm the privileges granted to the nobles by Alfonso III, Peter later (1348) defeated the troops of the nobles and withdrew their charter.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/peter-iv/20051207005409990009 (123 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Navarre
		Castile and the lands between the Pisuerga and the Cea went to Fernando; to Gonzalo were given Sobrarbe and Ribagorza; the Countship of Aragon was allotted to the youngest son Ramiro.
		Castile in 1136, and Taragona to Aragon in 1157, and to declare himself a vassal of King Alfonso VII of
		Castile, endeavoured to obtain the succession for their son Fernando (1452).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10721a.htm (2099 words)

	The mechanics of monarchy: knighting Castile's king, 1332. (Alfonso XI) - History Today - HighBeam Research
		Peter Linehan looks at how Alfonso XI got round the problem and in the process strengthened his hold on his kingdom.
		At the Cortes of Valladolid in August 1325, the fifteen-year-old Alfonso XI of Castile dismissed his tutors and assumed control of his kingdom's affairs.
		The act of self-assertion of one of medieval Spain's arguably more remarkable and certainly least well-known monarchs iniated a twenty-five-year period within which scholars have recently been intent on locating the beginnings of the Modern State.
	www.highbeam.com /doc/1G1-13692478.html (163 words)

	History Today: The educational archive of articles, news and study aids for teachers, students and enthusiasts - The ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Peter Linehan looks at how Alfonso XI got round the problem and in the process strengthened his hold on his kingdom.
		At the Cortes of Valladolid in August 1325, the fifteen-year-old Alfonso XI of Castile dismissed his tutors and assumed control of his kingdom's affairs.
		The first seven years of Alfonso XI's personal rule culminated in a ceremonial event which was without precedent in peninsular history and without parallel in contemporary Europe.
	www.historytoday.com /dm_getArticle.asp?gid=9666 (275 words)

	Our Lady of Rocio of The Americas - What is El Rocio
		It was King Alfonso X, "The Wise", who after conquering the land from the Moors, is believed to have built a small church and placed the image of Our Lady of The Rocinas in said church.
		Because of the age of such devotion, it is difficult to pin point the exact date and events that led to such a beautiful expression of faith.
		In all these documents, the references to El Rocío focus primarily in the description of Wetlands known as "Las Marismas" and their ideal conditions for cattle farming and horse breeding, which continues to play a vital role in the areas economy.
	www.elrocio.net /page2.html (1859 words)

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