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	Alfred Watkins - Pioneer Photographer
		Watkins senior was a prosperous farmer whose ancestors had farmed land for generations in Mitcheldean, Gloucestershire, and the adjoining area; he promoted five businesses in Hereford, including the Imperial Flour Mills, Watkins Imperial Brewery and the Imperial Hotel.
		Watkins' first career was as an "out-rider" for Watkins Brewery and later the Imperial Mills and as a result he became well known in the local countryside.
		Alfred Watkins' personal library is also in the Hereford Library, which also houses the transactions of the Woolhope Club, to which Watkins contributed many articles and photographs.
	www.herefordwebpages.co.uk /watkins.shtml (1444 words)

	Alfred Watkins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alfred Watkins (1855–April 15, 1935) is noted as being a scholar of ley lines.
		Watkins was born in Hereford to a family which had moved to the town in 1820 to establish a milling and brewing business.
		Watkins was a member of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings and a fellow of the Royal Photographic Society and was involved in the preservation of Pembridge Market Hall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfred_Watkins (420 words)

	Ley line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On June 30, 1921, Watkins visited Blackwardine in Herefordshire, and went riding near some hills in the vicinity of Bredwardine when he noted many of the footpaths therein seemed to connect one hilltop to another in a straight line.
		Watkins believed that in ancient times, when Britain had been far more densely forested, the country had been crisscrossed by a network of straight-line travel routes, with prominent features of the landscape being used as navigation points.
		Watkins' discovery happened at a time when Ordnance Survey maps were being marketed for the leisure market, making them reasonably easy and cheap to obtain; this may have been a contributing factor to the popularity of ley line theories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ley_line (2720 words)

	History of Leys
		Within a few months, Alfred Watkins had discovered enough substantiating evidence from maps and from fieldwork, that he was able to lecture on his discovery to the Woolhope Club, illustrating his talk with his own lantern slides.
		Watkins spent much time in the countryside, checking alignments, often finding significant mark points on the line that were not marked on the map, and on several occasions verifying the existence of the track by excavation.
		Watkins died in 1935, aged 80, and after the Second World War the Straight Track Club was dissolved, many of its members being inactive or having died, and it was not until some years later that public interest in leys was re-awakened.
	www.goddardmultimedia.fsnet.co.uk /semg/leyhist.htm (1587 words)

	Director Biography
		Watkins, a native of Jackson, Georgia, received his Bachelor of Music Education from Florida A & M University, with honors in 1976 where he was a conducting student of Dr. William P. Foster and Dr. Julian E. White.
		Watkins was named "Teacher of the Year" in 1978 and STAR TEACHER in 1982, 1983, 1989, 1994 and 1997.
		Watkins is constantly in demand throughout the United States as a guest conductor, clinician and lecturer.
	www.lbba.org /bio_aw.html (573 words)

	UFO Area Ley Lines
		Alfred Watkins' name is related to his controversial studies of "ley lines".
		Unfortunately the death of Alfred Watkins in 1935 and later the beginning of the Second World War were the reason that the club closed.
		Watkins believed that prehistoric man had deliberately made the tracks as a sort of road network, using the various landmarks as sighting points.
	www.ufoarea.com /main_ley_lines.html (1793 words)

	The State of The Art International Tattoo Convention - Derby UK
		The term ley (or ley line, as is often used) was originally coined by Alfred Watkins of Hereford in the 1920s to describe his perceived straight alignments of ancient sites across country.
		Watkins came to the conclusion that he was seeing the vestigial traces of old straight tracks laid down in the Neolithic era, probably, he surmised, for traders' routes.
		Watkins, it seems, had been vindicated in the face of continuing hostility from orthodox archaeology.
	www.tattoo-2001.com /ley-lines.html (1152 words)

	Watkins Diet -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Watkins was born in De Queen, Arkansas but moved to Oklahoma as a boy.
		Watkins became active in Democratic politics in the early 1970s, and was elected to the state senate in 1974.
		Watkin Tench (1758-1833) was a Marine officer in the First Fleet, establishing the first settlement in Australia in 1788.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/166/watkins-diet.html (1213 words)

	Alfred Watkins
		Alfred Watkins’ lifelong interest in photography started in his late ‘teens with little more than a pinhole camera, developing his wet glass-plate negatives in a small tent before they had a chance to dry.
		Alfred Watkins was president of the Club in 1919, when he tried, unsuccessfully, to allow women to become members of the club.
		In politics, Alfred Watkins was a traditional Liberal, against the intrusion of party politics in local elections and strongly in favour of Free trade and of Votes for Women.
	www.smr.herefordshire.gov.uk /guest_authors/A%20Herefordshire%20Man.htm (1293 words)

	The New Ley Hunter's Guide, Paul Devereux - sample
		Alfred Watkins felt he had caught a glimpse beyond the modern face of the landscape and was tracing the remnants of a system of straight trackways belonging to remote antiquity.
		Watkins considered that markstones gave their name to markets: 'Note how closely akin in verbal origin are the mark or march or merch stones, the market or mercate, the merchant or marchant, and the god Mercury, whose symbol was an upright stone,' he wrote.
		Watkins knew of several instances of this, and one particularly convincing example was at Holmer in Herefordshire, where his excavation revealed a paved causeway at the bottom of the pond.
	www.gothicimage.co.uk /books/leyhunter1.html (6410 words)

	Early British Trackways Index
		First discovered in Britain by the author of this book, Alfred Watkins, a photographer and inventor, ley lines were pursued eagerly by organized clubs in the period between the world wars.
		Watkins never attributed any supernatural significance to leys; he believed that they were simply pathways that had been used for trade or ceremonial purposes, very ancient in origin, possibly dating back to the Neolithic, certainly pre-Roman.
		Since Watkins, there have been similar alignments discovered in far-flung locations, including the Atacama desert of Chile, the Southwestern United States, and other places; all of these can be directly traced to human activity, and associated with ceremonial and astronomical activities.
	www.sacred-texts.com /neu/eng/ebt/index.htm (404 words)

	Leylines
		Alfred Watkins, pioneer proponent of the ley theory, shown taking photographs along one of his alignments.
		Watkins' theory of leys was that they were old straight traders' tracks laid down by surveyors in the Neolithic period of prehistory.
		Watkins felt that eventually the old straight tracks fell out of use, and so we only have the aligned sites today to indicate their courses or routes.
	www.pauldevereux.co.uk /new/html/body_leylines.html (5059 words)

	Tate Papers Autumn 2006 \| Lines of Sight: Alfred Watkins, Photography and Topography in Early Twentieth-Century Britain
		I was prompted to return to it by the appearance of some photographs by Alfred Watkins in the 2005 A Picture of Britain exhibition at Tate Britain and by current academic interests, in a number of disciplines, in visual representations of antiquity.
		Watkins argued that in principle and practice all photography, of whatever kind, was, as the word meant, ‘drawing with light’ and much of his advice concerned the accurate calculation of exposure times, in both taking and developing photographs.
		For this reason Watkins was keen on long focus lenses and opposed to the ‘unnatural and violent perspective’ produced by wide angled lenses for much picture postcard photography of the time which catered to ‘the uneducated eye’ and took in more than a person could ever actually see from a given standpoint.
	www.tate.org.uk /research/tateresearch/tatepapers/06autumn/daniels.htm (5508 words)

	Earth Mysteries: Ley Lines, Earth Mysteries
		Ley Lines were 're-discovered' on 30 June 1921 by Alfred Watkins (1855-1935), a locally well-known and respected Herefordshire businessman, who while looking at a map for features of interest noticed a straight line that passed over hill tops through various points of interest, all of which were ancient.
		At the time of his discovery, Watkins had no theory about alignments but on that June afternoon saw "in a flash" a whole pattern of lines stretching across the landscape.
		Watkins surmised that these straight tracks, or "ley lines" as he called them at first, were the remnants of prehistoric trading routes.
	www.britannia.com /wonder/leylines.html (690 words)

	AbeBooks: Suchergebnisse - Alfred Watkins und Old
		Watkins noticed that "first in Herefordshire countryside and later throughout Britain,.beacon hills, mounds, earthworks, moats, and old churches built on pagan sites seemed to fall into straight lines.
		This is Alfred Watkins definitive text for the study of the ancient straight tracks or leys that criss-cross the British Isles.
		Alfred Watkins noticed that ancient monuments built on pagan sites seemed to fall into straight lines.
	www.abebooks.de /search/sortby/3/an/Alfred+Watkins+/tn/+Old (1155 words)

	Camp Edge Alignments
		One variety of evidence concerning ley lines which needs to be taken carefully into account is that linear sections in the earthworks of camps, and particularly mounds in these earthworks, have been found to fall into straight alignments with other classes of sighting points.
		More specifically, Alfred Watkins found several examples where three or more camps appeared to align in such a way that lines drawn through their edges converged slightly, appearing to meet at a point sonic distance away; in some cases this point seemed to be a mound or a church.
		Watkins went on to remark that with two alignments so close together, both cannot well have been trackways.
	www.northernearth.co.uk /93/camp.htm (860 words)

	Ley lines, lines of power around the earth?
		He was the first to call them Ley Lines At the time of his discovery, Watkins had no theory about alignments but on that June afternoon saw "in a flash" a whole pattern of lines stretching across the landscape.
		In retrospect, this was a mistake, as it has allowed believers in ley lines to accuse the editor, O G S Crawford, of censorship and attempting to stifle debate about new theories.
		Watkins identified Hermes-Mercury with the chief god of the Druids and argued that:
	www.wrexhamparaskeptics.4t.com /leylines.htm (1567 words)

	Alfred Watkins Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An artist-led project exploring the life and work of pioneering photographer and antiquarian Alfred Watkins.
		Their first piece of work, gallery installation Just Go Straight On, was a collaboration with archaeologists and included sculpture, wall paintings, moving image (archive and original), recorded and printed text and interpretation boards.
		The project continues to research possibilities for further pieces of work based on Alfred Watkins' extraordinary range of interests, including local history, measurement and mapping, poetry, brewing, beekeeping, photgraphy and ancient monuments.
	www.nomadmedia.co.uk /alfred (80 words)

	MAG's Geomantic Roots (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alfred Watkins was a rennaissance man. His interest in photography led him to invent a light meter that made photography possible on a British Antarctic expedition.
		He was a salesman for his father's grain business, but most of all, he loved the British countryside, and grew to have an intimate knowledge of it as a result of his travels from his father's business.
		(Notice I didn't say 'ley lines.' Watkins never used that term.) His book, "The Old Straight Track", first published in the nineteen-twenties, is the seminal book on straight lines in pre- and early history.
	www.geomancy.org /geo_roots (629 words)

	Just Go Straight On - Herefordshire Council
		The Just Go Straight On exhibition brings together sculptor David England, film-maker Richard Urbanski and writer Christine Watkins in a celebration of the work of famous Herefordian Alfred Watkins.
		Pioneer photographer and antiquarian, Watkins is renowned worldwide as the discoverer of ‘Ley Lines', those controversial lines on the landscape which have sparked off so many different theories about our prehistoric past.
		The exhibition is part of The Alfred Watkins Project, the latest project in the county to benefit from the Local Heritage Initiative, run by the Countryside Agency with additional support from the Heritage Lottery Foundation.
	www.herefordshire.gov.uk /council_gov_democracy/news/600.asp (335 words)

	Fringe Archaeology - The Heretical Alignments - ley lines
		"...perhaps the most famous is the work of Alfred Watkins (1925), who sought to find natural "ley lines" running through the landscape, giving a network of "old straight tracks".
		It was that the lines may not just be sighted tracks, as Alfred Watkins proposed, but lines of an unknown form of energy (which may even have been known and detectable to the early peoples by dowsing or something similar).
		This may have caused the lines to be held sacred, as the "ceque" lines of the Incas were, and religious structures and tombs could be built on them for this reason.
	www.ahsoc.fsnet.co.uk /fringe.htm (658 words)

	Ley Lines Leylines Alfred Watkins Surveyors Ancient Britain
		, a term originally used by Alfred Watkins, who had observed that many ancient sites in Britain seemed to fall on straight lines of unknown origin.
		Watkins thought that a great network of such lines existed, and were oriented to either the sun, moon or stars.
		Watkins pointed to the LONG Man at Wilmington
	www.lexiline.com /lexiline/lexi217.htm (318 words)

	[No title]
		This chronicles the life of the author of The Old Straight Track, the book which gave birth to ley lines.
		But Watkins had varied interests—his family ran the Hereford Brewery, he invented the first exposure meter, became a successful archaeologist, was a fan of steam cars, bee-keeping and Free Trade.
		The book includes 80 photographs, many of them taken from Watkins’ original glass plate negatives stored in Hereford’s city library.
	members.lycos.co.uk /logastonp/watkins.htm (79 words)

	Family Tree (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rev James Watkins was a Baptist minister as well as a merchant.
		They owned and operated the J A Watkins and Son Grocery and Dry Goods Store in Strange, OK for twenty years.
		Baptist Minister and Proprieter of the J.A. Watkins and Son Grocery and Drygoods in Strang OK for 20 years.
	www.watkinsfhs.net /cgi-bin/igm/igmget.cgi/n=james?I3 (90 words)

	HotBot Web Search for watkins
		Watkins is one of the oldest companies in the world and the company that originated the concept of network marketing.
		Watkins Incorporated is a manufacturer of health remedies, baking products, and other household items.
		Watkins Glen International (nicknamed "The Glen") is an auto race track located near Watkins Glen, New York at the southern tip at Seneca Lake owned...
	www.hotbot.com /?ps=null&loc=searchbox&tab=web&provKey=Inktomi&query=watkins&first=30&page=more&more=1 (346 words)

	Putting things straight - Introducing earth mysteries (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Central to the subject is the concept of "leys", which were "rediscovered" in 1921 by the Hereford antiquarian and pioneer photographer Alfred Watkins.
		Watkins called these lines "leys" after the Old English word for a cleared glade.
		Watkins' criteria for a ley and the accuracy expected sets strict guidelines for the ley hunter to follow.
	www.whitedragon.org.uk /articles/straight.htm (1533 words)

	Ley Lines (Site not responding. Last check: )
		No occult claims were made by Watkins as some groups do today.
		The idea may have developed from observation of the system of Roman roads which crossed between major Roman centres of Britain, these were often straight stretches of road, deviating only to skirt difficult terrain.
		When Watkins joined landmarks on a map near Leominster, Hereford/Worcestershire, he perceived that these lines followed 'ancient British' tracks.
	members.tripod.com /~midgley/leylines.html (545 words)

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