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Topic: Algeciras Conference

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Tangier Crisis

History of Morocco

Agadir Crisis

United States diplomatic history

Morocco

Minguo

Madrid Conference

WW I

Entente cordiale

Algeciras

Fashoda incident

Berlin conference

Montevideo Conference

Roosevelt Corollary

Causes of World War I

	Algeciras Conference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in Algeciras, Spain.
		The purpose of the conference was to mediate the 1st Moroccan crisis between France and Germany, and to assure the repayment of a large loan made to the Sultan in 1904.
		The Entente Cordiale between France and the United Kingdom gave the British a free hand in Egypt in exchange for a French free hand in Morocco.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Algeciras_Conference (292 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Algeciras
		Algeciras, town and seaport on Algeciras Bay, in Cádiz Province, Andalusia Autonomous Region, in southern Spain near Gibraltar.
		Algeciras Conference, congress of European Great Powers assembled in January 1906 in Algeciras in Spain, to consider issues regarding France’s attempt...
		The conference was held at Algeciras in Spain early in 1906.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Algeciras.html (84 words)

	Encyclopedia: Algeciras Conference
		Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, near the city of Gibraltar, slightly to the north than Tarifa, which is the southernmost town of the country.
		The Agadir Crisis, also called the Second Moroccan Crisis, was the international tension sparked by the deployment of a German warship to the Moroccan port of Agadir on July 1, 1911.
		The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Algeciras-Conference (829 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Algeciras Conference
		Algeciras Conference, congress of major European powers assembled in January 1906 in Algeciras, Spain, to consider issues regarding France’s attempt...
		In 1905 German Kaiser William II startled European governments by visiting Morocco and assuring its sultan of his support of Moroccan autonomy and of...
		Algeciras, city and seaport, southern Spain, in Cádiz Province, on the Bay of Gibraltar, near Gibraltar.
	encarta.msn.com /Algeciras_Conference.html (136 words)

	Pre-war crises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Germany's aim of calling a conference was to humiliate France and to split the Entente because from the point of view of international law, Morocco was an independent state and the French claim to Morocco was illegal.
		At the conference at Algeciras in 1906, Germany was supported by Austria while France was supported by Britain, Russia and the United States.
		In name Morocco was preserved as an independent state whose trade was to be open to all nations; but in fact France was given two special privileges: (i) she, in conjunction with Spain, was given control over the Moroccan police and (ii) she was to control the customs and arms supply of Morocco.
	www.thecorner.org /wwi/crises.htm (2186 words)

	Algeciras Conference -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		French statesman Léon Bourgeois is generally regarded as the “spiritual father” of the League of Nations, the organization for international cooperation established at the end of World War I. Bourgeois had presented a draft for such an organization as early as January 1918, and he became one of the League's most ardent supporters.
		This meeting, known as the Yalta Conference, also dealt with issues relating to Eastern Europe, Poland, and the Far East and with the creation of the United Nations.
		A third conference, planned for 1915, was not held because of the...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9005692?tocId=9005692 (550 words)

	Moroccan Furniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Both France and Germany continued to posture up to the conference, with Germany mobilizing reserve army units in late December and France actually moving troops to the border in January 1906.
		The Algeciras Conference was called to settle the dispute, lasting from January 16 to April 7, 1906.
		Although the Algeciras Conference temporarily solved the First Moroccan Crisis, continuing German dissatisfaction with the Moroccan situation led to the Second Moroccan Crisis in 1911 and a worsening of the international tensions that ultimately led to World War I (1914 - 1918).
	www.blownspeakers.com /pages3/58/moroccan-furniture.html (787 words)

	League of Nations
		Delegates of twenty-six countries at the First Hague Conference (May 18-July 29, 1899), called by Russia, did not come to agreement on arms control, but did establish the Hague Tribunal (Permanent Court of Arbitration).
		The Second Hague Conference (June 15-October 18, 1907), also convened by Russia, again came to no agreement regarding arms control, but reached accord on neutral shipping rights, and on land and sea warfare conventions.
		Rather than deal with the crisis itself, the League Council opted to allow the Conference of Ambassadors, an organization established by the allies in 1919 to deal with problems arising out of the peace treaties, to settle the dispute.
	odur.let.rug.nl /usa.990917/E/league/leaguenn.htm (1884 words)

	ABD-EL-AZIZ IV - LoveToKnow Article on ABD-EL-AZIZ IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Such was the condition of things when the news of the Anglo-French Agreement of 1904 came as a blow to Abd-el-Aziz, who had relied on England for support and protection against the inroads of France.
		The sultan gave his adherence to the Act of the Algeciras Conference, but the state of anarachy into which Morocco fell during the latter half of 1906 and the beginning of 1907 showed that the young ruler lacked strength sufficient to make his will respected by his turbulent subjects.
		In May 1907 the southern tribes invited Mulai Hafid, an elder brother of Abd-el-Aziz, and viceroy at Marrakesh, to become sultan, and in the following August Hafid was proclaimed sovereign there with all the usual formalities.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AB/ABD_EL_AZIZ_IV.htm (616 words)

	Thomas Nelson Page. Italy and the World War. 1920. Chapters 7-9.
		France consented to it, though grudgingly (July 8), and the conference assembled at Algeciras on January 15, 1906, and was participated in by the Powers signatory to the Convention of Madrid of 1880, which had settled the jurisdiction of the Foreign Legations.
		Another important consequence of the Algeciras Conference was that through the participation of the United States therein they broke the tradition of a century which had kept them from participation in any International affairs beyond the Atlantic.
		GERMANY, however repulsed at Tangier and Algeciras in her first essay, was far from ready to accept the decision, and she soon made another attempt to block France in Morocco and "obtain her place in the sun" in Africa, with whatever further advantages such a position might import.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Italy/Page03.htm (14904 words)

	Eugene Staley. War and the Private Investor. 1935. Chapter 7. Type Cases: Mannesmanns and Morocco; Rhodes and the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		German trade in Morocco ranked third in volume, immediately after that of England and France, and when France made her peace in advance with all other European states which might possibly show an interest in the country and deliberately(2) overlooked Germany, German statesmen felt that the snub could not be accepted in silence.
		At this international conference (1906) French diplomacy was, in the main, victorious, though Germany did secure the adoption of a body of rules (the Algeciras Act) which put the affairs of Morocco under international regulation and affirmed the independence of the Sultan.
		Soon after the Algeciras Conference several drafts were submitted to Sultan Abdul Asis to guide him in framing the new mining law required by Article 112.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/world_war_I/investor/Staley07.html (5560 words)

	White House Studies: Regime formation and maturation in the white house: the rise of internationalism during the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The result was the 1906 Algeciras Conference which found in favor of French claims.
		Roosevelt's influence at the Algeciras Conference came in the wake of a 1904 incident in which a bandit leader, the Raisuli, took two Americans hostage.
		The Portsmouth Conference and its resultant peace treaty were critically important in validating Roosevelt's heightened global role.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0KVD/is_4_1/ai_86058405/pg_5 (1383 words)

	Algeciras Conference -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Algeciras Conference of 1906 took place in (Click link for more info and facts about Algeciras, Spain) Algeciras, Spain.
		France tried to achieve a protectorate over Morocco, but was opposed by Germany.
		At the last moment the Moroccan delegates found that they were unable to sign the protocol, but a decree of (The ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)) Sultan (Click link for more info and facts about Abdelaziz of Morocco) Abdelaziz of Morocco on June 18 finally ratified it.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/algeciras_conference.htm (280 words)

	Morocco
		Many in the United States were critical of American participation in the conference, arguing that it was unwise to be drawn into such a remote location where the nation had only the most limited commercial interests.
		The Senate reluctantly ratified the Algeciras treaty, but did so only with a stipulation that American involvement did not represent a departure from its traditional policy of avoiding participation in European disputes.
		From the European viewpoint, Algeciras was successful in that a potential war was averted, but the wedge between Anglo-French interests and those of the Germans was increased.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h889.html (504 words)

	SUMMARY: Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco, Judgment - 27 August 1952 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		This differential treatment was not compatible with the Act of Algeciras, by virtue of which the United States can claim to be treated as favourably as France, as far as economic matters in Morocco are concerned.
		A study of the practice since 1906 and of the preliminary work of the Conference of Algeciras leads the Court to the view that this Article requires an interpretation which is more flexible than those respectively contended for by France and the United States.
		A declaration is appended to the Judgment by Judge Hsu Mo, who expresses the opinion that the United States is not entitled to exercise consular jurisdiction in cases involving the application to United States citizens of those provisions of the Act of Algeciras which, for their enforcement, carried certain sanctions.
	www.icj-cij.org /icjwww/idecisions/isummaries/ifussummary520827.htm (822 words)

	Jewish Morocco
		At the 1906 Algeciras Conference, US representatives ensured that the Conference documents praised the Sultan's Government for improvements in conditions of Jews and asked it to guarantee to treat all Moroccans equally.
		The Algeciras Conference enabled the European powers to divide up Morocco between the French and the Spanish.
		In 1907, the French found a pretext for full-scale invasion when a few Europeans in Marrakesh and Casablanca were killed.
	rickgold.home.mindspring.com /page12.html (385 words)

	Algiceras to Ronda Railway. Aldalucia,Spain
		The line was originally built between 1890-92 by the Algeciras (Gibraltar) Railway Company Ltd to enable British garrison officers and their families to escape the claustrophobic atmosphere of Gibraltar and enjoy the surrounding campo.
		The first section of the railway up to Jimena was officially opened in October 1890, and the next to Ronda in November 1892, operating six passenger trains daily through 22 stations and costing 11 pesetas and 65 centimos (6p) for a first class seat from San Roque to Ronda.
		Knowing that it was necessary to provide decent food and accommodation for their passengers to encourage them to make frequent use of the line, Henderson decided to build a sumptuous hotel in Algeciras, where Gibraltarian residents would alight from the packet steamer which carried them across the Bay of Algeciras.
	www.andalucia.com /accounts/ronda.htm (2762 words)

	European Treaties affecting Morocco, Moroccan History
		With regard to the naps coming from the special tax and which would be perceived in the customs houses established in the areas aimed by Article 103 of the Payment on the Customs, their employment will be regulated by Makhzen, with the approval of the Power bordering, in accordance with the regulations of this Article.
		The Conference emits, moreover, the wish which a veterinary service of inspection is organized as soon as possible in the ports of the coast.
		The adhesion given by Its Majesty Of the sherifs to Acte Général of the Conference of Algeciras will have to be communicated, by the intermediary of the Government of Its Catholic Majesty, with the Governments of the other Powers Signatories.
	www.warflag.com /shadow/history/treaties/engalgericas1906.htm (9746 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Entente Cordiale, 8 April 1904
		Similarly Britain was willing to encourage co-operation between the two countries with an eye on Germany's decision to expand her naval strength in competition with Britain.
		Germany, concerned over the signing of the entente agreement, determined to test its practical strength by provoking a crisis in Morocco in 1905, leading to the Algeciras Conference (1906).
		The entente was extended in 1907 to include Russia, culminating in the alliance that formally took on the Central Powers during World War One.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/ententecordiale1904.htm (1135 words)

	tr_foreign
		The hints which he conveyed to the plenipotentiaries, and which invariably threw a new light upon the points that they had not been able to see or to bring to a solution, were something quite wonderful.
		All through our conferences the personality of Roosevelt made itself felt, but this was done so artistically, if such a word may be used, that nobody could have been offended at the advice which he tendered with such consummate discretion.
		When the conference deadlocked, Theodore spoke directly to the German Emperor reminding him that it was a matter of honor for him to stick by his promise to let Theodore decide what to do in the event of a difference between the French and German governments.
	www.angelfire.com /celeb/theodoreroosevelt/trforeign.html (3777 words)

	Tangier Definitive Stamps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In 1905 the German Emperor Wilhelm II arrived in Tangier to register his antipathy to French machinations, and the Algeciras Conference was called for the following year.
		Attended by all the European powers, this conference granted Tangier a special status as The Tangier Zone.
		This placed the town and its surrounding territory under the authority of an International Commission, with the Sultan of Morocco as nominal ruler.
	www.values.ch /sna-site/Tangier/tangier.htm (421 words)

	Algeciras
		A Mediterranean seaport, it is the main Spanish ferry terminal to North Africa.
		In the naval engagements of July, 1801, near Algeciras, the British defeated the French and Spanish fleets.
		Vue aérienne de la digue en construction à Algeciras, le 8 août 2002 Construction de la plus haute digue semi-flottante du.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0803312.html (163 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Morocco
		Following recognition by the United Kingdom in 1904 of France's "sphere of influence" in Morocco, the Algeciras Conference (1906) formalized France's "special position" and entrusted policing of Morocco to France and Spain jointly.
		On October 13 in Casablanca, the Spring of Equality and other organizations held a conference regarding the role of women in the elections.
		The conference included frank discussion of a subject that is commonly taboo.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/morocco.html (10659 words)

	AllRefer.com - Henry White (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He served (1884–93) with the U.S. embassy at London, and in 1896 President McKinley appointed him secretary of the embassy.
		He later was ambassador at Rome (1905–7) and at Paris (1907–9); as head of the U.S. delegation to the Algeciras Conference (1906), White helped in the settlement of the Moroccan Crisis between Germany and France.
		He was sent (1910) as a special emissary to Chile and in 1918 was appointed a commissioner to the Paris Peace Conference by President Wilson.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/E-White-He.html (210 words)

	Conference
		1919 Paris Peace Conference disposes of German colonies; German East Africa is assigned to Britain and France, German SW Africa to South Africa
		1914 Socialist conference in Brussel (Kautsky, Trotski and Rosa Luxemburg)
		1909 National Conference on the Negro is held
	www.brainyhistory.com /topics/c/conference.html (914 words)

	Moroccan Crises, 1903-1914
		Mar.01 > The combined British Atlantic and Mediterranean fleets assemble at Gibraltar, within sight of the Algeciras Conference.
		Mar.03 > Germany is isolated at the Algeciras with only Austria and Morocco as allies - Holstein is enraged and wants to threaten war, but he is sent home
		Jul.20 > The Dubail-Wilson Agreement: without authorization, an Anglo-French military conference settles the details of military cooperation - British General Wilson pledges a 150,000-man BEF, to be ready for action on the thirteenth day of war
	cnparm.home.texas.net /Wars/MorCrises.htm (4062 words)

	Pace University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Algeciras Conference concludes with agreement on foreign involvement in Morocco
		SOS is adopted as a warning signal at first conference on wireless telegraphy
		President Theodore Roosevelt embarks upon first official visit by an American Chief Executive to a foreign nation
	webpage.pace.edu /mweigold/timeline.html (196 words)

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