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| | encarta |
 | | Muhammad Ali, who ruled the country as viceroy from 1805 to 1849, revolutionized Egypt's economy, introducing such crops as sugar and cotton, installing mills and factories, building roads and canals, and importing Western technicians and teachers. |
 | | At that time the search by European powers for raw materials and markets, as well as their strategic interests, brought them to the Middle East, stimulating economic and social development. |
 | | The Arabs revolted against the Turks because the British had promised them, in correspondence (1915-1916) with Husein ibn Ali of Mecca, the independence of their countries after the war. |
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