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	Alice Auma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to the defeat of Tito Okello, Alice Auma was one of many spirit-mediums working near the town of Gulu as an minor oracle and spiritual healer.
		Alice Auma currently lives in the Ifo refugee camp in northern Kenya and claims to have been abandoned by the spirits.
		While Alice’s practice as a medium immediately after returning to Gulu does not seem to have been particularly successful, the tale of Paraa became the central text of the Holy Spirit Movement, in particular in the discourse about the insurgency being a rebellion of nature itself, and deserves explication.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alice_Auma (948 words)

	Holy Spirit Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) was the Ugandan rebel group led by Alice Auma, a spirit-medium under the direction of the spirit Lakwena.
		Alice, an ethnic Acholi, was purportedly directed to form the HSM by Lakwena in August 1986.
		Along with duties such as tending to Alice Auma while she was possessed, they smeared blessed oil on combatants that was supposed to stop bullets if the combatant's soul was pure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Holy_Spirit_Movement (523 words)

	Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits - War in Northern Uganda
		She came very close to her goal of overthrowing the government but was defeated and fled to Kenya.
		This book provides a unique view of Alice’s movement, based on interviews with its members and including their own writings, examining their perceptions of the threat of external and internal evil.
		It concludes with an account of the successor movements into which Alice’s forces fragmented and which are still active in the civil wars of the Sudan and Uganda.
	www.ohiou.edu /oupress/alicelakwena.htm (88 words)

	[No title]
		In 1986, Alice Lakwena gave up her work as a spiritualist in Gulu, N Uganda, and launched the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM), a resistance army, whose primary aim was to overthrow the Museveni government and restore Ugandan power to an Acholi leadership, such as that which had existed with former President Tito Okello.
		Auma’s plan was doomed to failure, as she was a slave to her spiritual Acholi beliefs, and led her followers to believe that they could be protected from bullets by smearing themselves with sheanut oil.
		Obviously, casualties were high and Alice Auma, defeated, fled to Kenya, where she still lives today in a refugee camp in the north of the country.
	polosbastards.com /pb/uganda-children-on-the-frontline (3042 words)

	Alice Auma: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Alice Auma was born in 1956, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		Alice Auma was one of many spirit-mediums working near the town of Gulu as an minor oracle (A shrine where an oracular god is consulted)
		Alice led the Holy Spirit Movement (The holy spirit movement (hsm) was the ugandan rebel group led by alice auma, a spirit-medium under the direction...)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/alice_auma (2104 words)

	War in Northern Uganda
		Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda 1986-97.
		The rise of the movement is closely tied to the Acholi’s self-image.
		Destroyed and repulsed, the group imploded as Alice and some of her followers fled across the border to Kenya (p.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /africa/asq/v7/v7i1a10.htm (81 words)

	Observer \| 'Violence for hire' in Kenya poll
		A dozen machete-wielding thugs broke into Alice Auma's Nairobi slum-shack on Thursday, with a message from her main rival in Kenya's 27 December election.
		Auma's brutish opponent, a well-funded candidate for the main opposition party, the National Rainbow Coalition, is hosting rallies in Kibera every day.
		Auma's election campaign is all Kenya's writ small.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4572348-110490,00.html (656 words)

	Explore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was not clear to Severino that Alice was the chosen child until 2nd January 1985 when she began to preach the word of God.
		Alice Auma was born in Bungatira in 1956 as Iberina’s second child.
		Alice Auma can be a relevant factor in ending of the conflict and contribute to the reconciliation process that has to follow since she is the only Ugandan who can ideologically engage Joseph Kony, since the latter claims to have inherited the spirit of Lakwena from her.
	www.edirisa.org /inhales/00000020.php (3266 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » The Anguish of Northern Uganda - Section 1
		Alice Auma was a spirit medium or messenger ("Lakwena") who, according to her own accounts, channeled messages from the spirit of an Italian World War I veteran who had died at age 95 and was buried in Murchison Falls.
		Alice seized the opportunity of the UPDA's demoralization in November 1986 to obtain from one of its commanders in Kitgum the services of 150 UPDA combatants and their weapons.
		Alice herself escaped to Kenya, where at first she was detained and later accorded political asylum.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/4233a0bf811d7767c1256525002b8e44?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=1 (19766 words)

	New York Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the Acholi region of northern Uganda in 1985, a young woman named Alice Auma became a kind of African Joan of Arc.
		Alice’s crusade was not only military; she sought to cleanse Acholi of witches and other moral impurities, and was also a healer, whose spirits "were busy giving out recipes for medicines, for various ‘Holy Spirit drugs’, which would be locally produced to heal all sorts of trouble, including AIDS."
		When Alice was defeated in 1987, forcing her to flee to Kenya, the spirits turned to her father, Severino Lukoya, to reorganize the remnants of her army.
	www.nypress.com /print.cfm?content_id=1672 (1874 words)

	Kroc Institute: Who goes to Gulu? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The founder of the resistance movement was Alice Lakwena.
		Alice Auma, an Acholi healer and prophet, took the name Lakwena (meaning “messenger”), invoking the spirit or jok of an Italian army officer who had died near the source of the Nile during the First World War.
		She was given command of a battalion of the Uganda People’s Defense Army (UPDA), a coalition of rebel forces opposed to President Museveni.
	www.nd.edu /~krocinst/colloquy/issue6/gulu.shtml (2667 words)

	[No title]
		Among the prophets of resistance was Alice Auma from Gulu in Acholi, who claimed to be possessed by a previously unknown Christian spirit named Lakwena, meaning 'messenger' or 'apostle' in Acholi.
		In Alice Lakwena's case - she came to be called after the name of her possessing spirit - she declared that her possession had endowed her with the powers to heal society.
		Initial successes against the NRA were attributed by Alice Lakwena to 'Holy Spirit Tactics' - a method of warfare that combined modern techniques with magical practices - and led to further support from among the Acholi population at large for her armed resistance.
	sociologyesoscience.com /nrelafrica.html (2699 words)

	Alice Lakwena And The Holy Spirits: War In Northern Uganda, 1986-98; Author: Behrend, Heike; Paperback (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In August 1986, Alice Auma, a young Acholi woman in northern Uganda, proclaiming herself under the orders of a Christian spirit named Lakwena, raised an army called the Holy Spirit Mobile Forces.
		With it she waged a war against perceived evil, not only an external enemy represented by the National Resistance Army of the government, but internal enemies in the form of impure soldiers, witches, and sorcerers.
		She came very close to her goal of overthrowing the government but was defeated and fled to Kenya.This book provides a unique view of Alice's movement, based on interviewswith its members and including their own writings, examining their perceptions of the threat of external and internal evil.
	www.netstoreusa.com /hjbooks/082/0821413112.shtml (284 words)

	U.S. Medicine Information Central
		In 1985, a woman called Alice Auma established a healing cult in Gulu.
		Alice was possessed by various spirits including 'the Wrong Element' (from the U.S.) a Moslem called Kassim and Lakwena (Lwo term for messenger).
		Alice led her Holy Spirit Mobile Forces (HSMF) in a highly effective armed insurrection against Museveni's government from 1986 to 1988 before being defeated.
	www.usmedicine.com /column.cfm?columnID=211&issueID=79 (2370 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - World
		Twelve machete-wielding men broke into Alice Auma’s Nairobi slum-shack on Thursday, with a message from her main rival in Kenya’s December 27 elections.
		Days before the most important elections in Kenya’s history, political violence, of the kind that brought President Daniel arap Moi victory in the two previous elections, and left thousands dead, is ripping across the land.
		Auma’s brutish opponent, a well-funded candidate of the National Rainbow Coalition, is hosting rallies in Kibera everyday.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20021224/world.htm (2053 words)

	Hobson's Choice
		Both these rebels and their successors, who came together to form the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) of Alice Auma “Lakwena”, received massive popular support in the north and thus seemed to act on behalf of an Acholi population that was both alarmed by and angry at the new Museveni regime.
		The UPDA (Acholi) guerrilla movement was nearly wiped out, but for the arrival of the charismatic Alice Auma, who took the name "Lakwena" (prophet).
		After the near-elimination of Alice Lakwena's movement, her nephew, Joseph Kony, took over and changed the name to the "Lord's Resistance Army" (LRA), perpetuating many of the weirder strictures and introducing new ones.
	www.jamesrmaclean.com /archives/archive_uganda_civil_war.html (2769 words)

	New Vision Online : Discussion Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Endurance Is Key To Success authored by Alice Auma Lakwena on 7.
		It is only propelr that those hypocrites remove the slavery logs in their own eyes first before pointing out at the anuses of other monkeys.
		Alice Lakwena: "All powers human or God-given can be used either as weapons to oppress minds and bodies or as instruments to uplift a persons."
	www.newvision.co.ug /B/D/382/1/111 (1874 words)

	[No title]
		Auma was a young Acholi woman who claimed to be controlled by a Christian spirit named Lakwena.
		Auma and her close followers, including Joseph Kony, fled to Kenya.
		And if the local people didn't support LRA then, as he learned from Alice Auma, they too would have to be cleansed, usually through mutilation and murder.
	www.terrorismcentral.com /Newsletters/2004/022904.html (4945 words)

	Northern Uganda: Like Grasshoppers in a Bottle (Print version) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Fearing victor's justice and retribution, the Acholi people did not trust the Museveni regime and were therefore reluctant to acquiesce to what was perceived as Ankole domination.
		Alice Auma, who was believed to be possessed by an Italian spirit named Lakwena, led a popular Acholi rebellion that was quickly crushed.
		When Alice was arrested in 1987, Kony then picked up the torch as rebellion leader.
	www.globalengagement.org /issues/2005/06/uganda-p.htm (1702 words)

	American Renaissance May 2003
		In brief, this is the story of Alice Auma, a perfectly ordinary Ugandan peasant woman, who became possessed by spirits, raised a rebel army of some 10,000 soldiers, and came close to overthrowing the government of Yowri Museveni.
		Miss Auma was at the height of her powers from 1987 to 1988, at a time when northern Uganda was rife with war and banditry.
		Many men were killed, and in December 1987 Miss Auma fled with a handful of loyalists to Kenya, where she received refugee status under the UN High Commissioner.
	www.amren.com /0305issue/0305issue.html (14226 words)

	ABDUCTED AND ABUSED:
		In 1985, Alice Lakwena (Auma), an Acholi of northern Uganda, formed the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM).
		She declared that she had been given spiritual powers by the spirit Lakwena (meaning messenger in Acholi) to cleanse the Acholi of their "sins," including human rights abuses committed by Acholi government soldiers in the war against the rebel NRA.
		He was armed, as Alice had been, by the mostly Acholi rebel group the UPDA.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/uganda0703/uganda0703a-03.htm (4425 words)

	Behrend (1999) Alice Lakwena & the spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985-96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Behrend (1999) Alice Lakwena & the spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985-96
		Alice Lakwena & the spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985-96
		To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box.
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=100452098&showStat=Ratings (99 words)

	Joseph Kony - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A high-school dropout, he made his first appearance in January 1987, when he is believed to have been 26 years old.
		His group was one of many millenarian groups that sprang up in Acholiland in the wake of the wildly popular Holy Spirit Movement of Alice Auma.
		The primary spirit channeled at this time was Juma Oris, formerly a government minister under President Idi Amin who was leading another anti-Museveni insurgency in the northwest of Uganda at the time.
	www.indopedia.org /Joseph_Kony.html (439 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		PRESIDENT YOWERI Museveni has given his blessings to a team of Acholi elders and religious leaders that is due to travel to Nairobi to persuade former rebel leader Alice Lakwena to return to Uganda.
		In January 1985, an unknown Acholi woman called Alice Auma claimed a Christian spirit known as Lakwena had possessed her.
		The same spirit that possessed Alice Auma, who has since been called Lakwena, is said to have possessed Joseph Kony, who formed his Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) using remnants of the HSMF.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/03022003/Regional/Regional24.html (755 words)

	allAfrica.com: Uganda: Lakwena Sets New Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		ALICE Auma Lakwena, the leader of the Holy Spirit Movement, has set new conditions for her return from exile in Kenya.
		She wants the Government to pay her Ksh12m (about sh312m) in damages for her 3,000 head of cattle that the LRA soldiers ate and several of her houses razed in Gulu town.
		I am calling you (The New Vision) to tell the Government that I want to return home as quickly as possible," she said yesterday in a telephone conversation.
	allafrica.com /stories/200604140346.html (559 words)

	Welcome To Rupiny online: Uganda's leading vernacular weekly
		ALICE Auma Lakwena otyeko ooro dano bot gamente ni meno en emito dwogo paco nia ki i Kenya kama en tye iye kakano kodi nicake ma gamente olor en ki Jinja.
		Alice Lakwena ooro dano aryo nia ki i Kenya me kelo kwena ne man bot gamente i Uganda min Alice Lakwena Evirina Aya omoko lok man bot Rupiny ni nyare mito dwogo cen i Uganda nia ki i Kenya.
		En owaclo dano aryo, ma gin gubino ki lk bota ni en Alice mito dwogo gang nia ki kenya, ci gamente omyero oyee en odwogo.
	www.rupiny.co.ug /detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=106&newsCategoryId=107&newsId=328504 (281 words)

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