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Topic: Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

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	Alien and Sedition Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Alien and Sedition Acts were acts of Congress passed during the administration of President John Adams; his signature made them into law on July 14, 1798.
		For example, the Republicans and a number of moderate Federalists successfully added language to the Sedition Act that by its terms required "a false, scandalous and malicious writing", pointing to the trial of John Peter Zenger that established that colonial courts might treat truth as a defense to libel.
		The Alien and Sedition Acts were not appealed to the Supreme Court for review, though individual Supreme Court Justices, sitting in circuit, heard many of the cases prosecuting opponents of the Federalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts (1299 words)

	Sedition Act of 1918 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sedition Act of 1918 was an amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917 passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who was concerned any widespread dissent in time of war constituted a real threat to an American victory.
		The Sedition Act forbade Americans to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, flag, or armed forces during war.
		The Sedition Act was an attempt by the United States government to limit “freedom of speech,” in-so-much-as that “freedom of speech” related to the criticism of the government during war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sedition_Act_of_1918 (368 words)

	[No title]
		To examine the Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 in a historical context we must first examine the laws that were passed against the press, see the historical reasoning behind them, and finally come to some legal and ethical conclusions about the seditious libel laws.
		The Sedition Act of 1798 was an expansion on the British form, however, the law was a liberalized form of the English version.
		The Sedition Act of 1798 made sure that the Jeffersonian newspapers were silenced from their criticism about the XYZ affair and their views of the Federalist Congress.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/dgoldeniz/sedition.html (2666 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
		These acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years, authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" and restricted speech critical of the government.
		Representative John Breckinridge introduced the Kentucky Resolution to the Kentucky Legislature in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
		The Kentucky Resolution was secretly authored by Thomas Jefferson in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Alien.html (593 words)

	govNotesSection4-5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 made false, scandalous, or malicious criticism of the government illegal and allowed the President to deport undesirable aliens.
		During the cold war, sedition laws were passed in an attempt to defend the country against communist subversion, but most of these laws were ineffective and impossible to enforce.
		So long as demonstrators act peacefully, the police cannot punish them for disorderly conduct, even if their demonstration leads to disorder because of the reactions of others.
	home.earthlink.net /~markswit/government/govNotesSection4-5.html (391 words)

	Our Documents - Transcript of Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
		And if any alien so removed or sent out of the United Slates by the President shall voluntarily return thereto, unless by permission of the President of the United States, such alien on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned so long as, in the opinion of the President, the public safety may require.
		And be it further enacted, That the circuit and district courts of the United States, shall respectively have cognizance of all crimes and offences against this act.
		And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force for and during the term of two years from the passing thereof.
	www.ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=true&doc=16&page=transcript (384 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
		An Act in addition to the act, entitled "An act for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States."
		And be it further enacted, That this act shall continue and be in force until the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and one, and no longer: Provided.
		That the expiration of the act shall not prevent or defeat a prosecution and punishment of any offence against the law, during the time it shall be in force.
	www.civics-online.org /library/formatted/texts/alien_sed.html (148 words)

	usnews.com: The People's Vote: Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
		In 1798 the United States stood on the brink of war with France.
		The Federalists believed that Democratic-Republican criticism of Federalist policies was disloyal and feared that aliens living in the United States would sympathize with the French during a war.
		Sedition Act trials, along with the Senate’s use of its contempt powers to suppress dissent, set off a firestorm of criticism against the Federalists and contributed to their defeat in the election of 1800, after which the acts were repealed or allowed to expire.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/documents/docpages/document_page16.htm (271 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed on July 14 1798 under the administration of President John Adams.
		Under the Sedition Act anyone "opposing or any law of the United States or act of the President of the United could be imprisoned for up to two It was also illegal to "write print or publish" anything that criticized the president Congress.
		In another less recent parallel a sedition subsequent to the Act of 1798 the Sedition Act of 1918 is far more narrowly construed taking only during wartime and within the scope military operations.
	www.freeglossary.com /Alien_and_Sedition_Acts (600 words)

	The Sedition Act of 1798
		Albert Gallatin said the Sedition Act was a weapon "to perpetuate their authority and preserve their present places." Proof that this bill was politically motivated became obvious when the House voted to extend the act from the original one year proposed to the expiration of John Adams term, March 3, 1801.
		The States response to the passing of the Sedition Act was mixed.
		Aliens are equated with terrorists This bill has many points in common with the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, the Smith Act of 1950, the McCarren Act of 1950, and the Executive Order of Feb.19, 1942 that led to War Relocation Authority.
	www.studyworld.com /sedition_act_of_1798.htm (1724 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts, Lesson Plans, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
		The U.S. Sedition Act first outlawed conspiracies "to oppose any measure or measures of the government." Going further, the act made it illegal for anyone to express "any false, scandalous and malicious writing" against Congress or the president.
		The act also left it to the jury to decide if a defendant had "bad intent." Penalties for different provisions of the law ranged from six months to five years in prison and a fine of up to $5,000 (more than $100,000 in today's dollars).
		In October 1798, a Vermont Republican congressman, Matthew Lyon, became the first person to be put on trial under the Sedition Act.
	www.crf-usa.org /terror/alien_sedition_acts.htm (2092 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Alien and Sedition Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Alien and Sedition Acts ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS [Alien and Sedition Acts] 1798, four laws enacted by the Federalist-controlled U.S. Congress, allegedly in response to the hostile actions of the French Revolutionary government on the seas and in the councils of diplomacy (see XYZ Affair), but actually designed to destroy
		sedition SEDITION [sedition], in law, acts or words tending to upset the authority of a government.
		The exclusion and detention of aliens: lessons from the lives of Ellen Knauff and Ignatz Mezei.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/00344.html (722 words)

	MILESTONE HISTORIC DOCUMENTS - THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS OF 1798
		Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts, the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson.
		This act required that aliens be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship.
		Indeed, public opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts was so great that they were in part responsible for the election of Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, to the presidency in 1800.
	www.earlyamerica.com /earlyamerica/milestones/sedition (311 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1798, four laws enacted by the Federalist-controlled U.S. Congress, allegedly in response to the hostile actions of the French Revolutionary government on the seas and in the councils of diplomacy (see XYZ Affair), but actually designed to destroy Thomas Jefferson’s Republican party, which had openly expressed its sympathies for the French Revolutionaries.
		Most controversial, however, was the Sedition Act, devised to silence Republican criticism of the Federalists.
		The Alien and Sedition Acts provoked the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and did much to unify the Republican party and to foster Republican victory in the election of 1800.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/AlienNSe.html (254 words)

	Free Essay Alien and Sedition Acts
		To protest the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written to show that the acts were unconstitutional.
		The act stated that in time of war, the President of the United States has the right to take action against any person who was a citizen of the country the United States was at war with.
		The President was given the power to act against the citizens of the country at war with the United States, as long as the person was a male, not a citizen of the United States, and at least the age of fourteen years old.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=27226 (1206 words)

	American Experience \| John & Abigail Adams \| People & Events \| PBS
		John Adams called the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 "war measures." To opponents, they were unconstitutional and indefensible.
		The Alien Acts comprised two separate acts: The Alien Friends Act, which empowered the president to deport any alien whom he considered dangerous; and the Alien Enemies Act, which allowed the deportation of any alien who hailed from a country at war with the United States.
		The Sedition Act authorized the punishment of any person authoring or printing "false, scandalous and malicious writing" against the Congress or the president which was intended to "defame...
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/adams/peopleevents/e_alien.html (641 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
		The debate of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues.
		This act prohibited intermingling and conspiracy against the America government and the correspondence of scandalous and malicious writings against the government or its officials, under penalty of a fine or imprisonment.
		Succeeding the Sedition Act, the Republicans turned to the states arguing that federal government had strode past their powers; the powers delegated to it by the states through the Constitution.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/3828.php (731 words)

	Lawrence Lessig
		In 1798, there was a bitter political division in the young nation between the Federalists (led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton) and the Republican (led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison).
		It was in this context that the Federalists enacted the Alien and Sedition Act.
		The Alien Act empowered President Adams to arrest, detain, and deport any non-citizen he found to be a danger to the security of the nation.
	www.lessig.org /blog/archives/002343.shtml (2127 words)

	HTI Lesson Plan: English-Indian Encounters
		The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 amid fears of war with France exacerbated the growing rift between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
		Democratic-Republicans charged that enforcement of the Sedition Act was intended to suppress the Republican opposition, and freedom of the press became an issue.
		To explore the ways in which the issues raised by the Alien and Sedition Acts were instrumental in antebellum political conflicts, as well as today’s issues.
	www.txstate.edu /teachamhistory/lessons/HTILPAlienSedition.htm (1200 words)

	American America History - The Alien and Seditions Act
		Though the acts were allegedly in response to the hostile actions of the French Revolutionary government on the seas and in the councils of diplomacy, they were designed to destroy Thomas Jefferson's Republican party, which had openly expressed its sympathies for the French Revolutionaries.
		The Sedition Act made it illegal to publish certain statements against the government, oppose lawful acts of the Congress of the United States and aid a foreign power in plotting against the United States; all considered seditious acts; hence the name of the law.
		Jefferson and Madison declared the Alien Act to be unconstitutional as it was an expansion of the powers of the executive branch, and an extension of the authority of the federal government over aliens.
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=23285 (1023 words)

	A Philadelphian Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
		Although the Alien and Sedition Acts affected the whole country one city was a particularly caustic battling ground between the acts friends and foes.
		Along with the Alien Acts was the Sedition Act; this act gave the government power to arrest and imprison any individual that wrote anything that portrayed the government in a bad light.
		Despite the Alien’s Act to deter immigration a horde of emigrants from war torn Europe were coming to the U.S. as fast as the wind would blow them.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~mgagnon/students/4070/04SP4070-Pierzchajlo.htm (1660 words)

	MER - The Revolution of 1800 and the USA PATRIOT Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At base, the Alien and Sedition Acts prohibited criticism of the federal government and gave President Adams the power to deport any alien he viewed as suspicious.
		The Alien and Sedition Acts were the federal government’s first direct assault on American civil liberties.
		The Acts were seen as such a danger to liberty that there was also some discussion of resisting the measures by force and secession.
	www.middleeast.org /launch/redirect.cgi?num=62&a=33 (906 words)

	Sedition & It's Distortions: The Maccabean Online - December 1995
		In 1798, the Federalist-controlled government of the young United States pushed through a series of 4 laws to silence the political Republican opposition led by Thomas Jefferson.
		The "Sedition" segment empowered the government to strike fear by arrest and imprisonment into the hearts of any who objected to the government's plans.The anti-government Jeffersonians held that this act was unconstitutional.
		The American Alien and Sedition laws of 1778 were passed to "crush" the opposition much the same as Labor and Meretz leaders are threatening while slandering the Right today.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/dec95/dec95b.htm (1222 words)

	PlanetPapers - The Alien and Sedition Acts
		In a 1798 letter to the secretary of the treasury, Oliver Wolcott, Hamilton observed that civil war was not improbable.
		The Sedition Act prohibited combination or conspiracy against the United States government and the publication of "scandalous and malicious" writings against the government or its officials, under penalty of fine or imprisonment.
		The Sedition Act was a direct violation of the first amendment, but a federalist Congress, a federalist president (Adams), and a federalist appointed panel of justices approved it.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/891.php (1455 words)

	Bring Back the Sedition Acts.
		It was the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918, passed during World War I, that allowed us to imprison traitors of all stripes (mostly communists and their union sympathizers infiltrating the U.S. from hostile nations).
		The Acts read, in part, "Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military...
		and whoever shall by word or act support or favor the cause of any country with which the United States is at war or by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished[.]" [4] Under the Espionage and Sedition Act, Mike Isikoff could be sitting in prison.
	nbeaujon.com /sedition_newsweek.htm (1207 words)

	t r u t h o u t - ISSUES - Jennifer Van Bergen \| Repeal the USA Patriot Act
		The Alien and Sedition Laws were a blot on the democratic record of this country.
		The Alien Act was used by Federalists to keep out of Congress qualified Democratic candidates who had only recently become U.S. citizens (such as Swiss immigrant, Albert Gallatin, who two years later became Secretary of the Treasury under President Thomas Jefferson).
		War fever in 1798 led the extreme Right (Federalists) to push through acts that targeted immigrants but were used to persecute political opponents and violate the civil rights of citizens.
	www.truthout.org /docs_02/04.03D.JVB.Patriot.htm (837 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts
		The Sedition Law failed to coincide with this amendment in that it criminalized the exercise of free speech, and possibly of the press.
		The reason for such controversy was due to the fact that the logical end of the act of central nullification would result in the dismantling of the entire union.
		Since the Alien and Sedition Acts greatly threatened the authority of the Bill of Rights and therefore the fundamental government, it is surprising to consider that some of the opposition's responses proposed similar threats to central government.
	www.usahistory.com /essays/essay009.htm (898 words)

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