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Topic: Alien and Sedition Laws

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

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	Alien and Sedition Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They were similar to laws passed at about the same time in the United Kingdom and Canada in response to the perceived threat of subversion by agents of the radical French government.
		Jeffersonians, however, recognized that the laws were to be used as a tool of the ruling Federalist party to extend and retain their power, silencing any opposition.
		The Alien and Sedition Acts were not appealed to the Supreme Court for review, though individual Supreme Court Justices, sitting in circuit, heard many of the cases prosecuting opponents of the Federalists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts (1308 words)

	[No title]
		He mentioned a law, which Congress had passed at the same session, respecting alien enemies, as it had been suggested that the one particularly called the alien law was justifiable on account of danger to be apprehended from foreigners.
		He proceeded to construe the alien law, and said that the precedent established by it was dangerous, both as it affected individuals, and as it affected states.
		The alien law, he said, was unconstitutional in two points: and, after observing that, although an alien did not enjoy all the rights of a citizen, yet he enjoyed some, he proceeded to show in what points that law was unconstitutional.
	www.constitution.org /rf/vr.txt (16971 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
		Elliot's Debates contains a section on the response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, including the text of the Virginia Resolution, responses to the Virginia Resolution from other states, the Kentucky Resolution, and James Madison's report on the Virginia Resolution.
		Representative John Breckinridge introduced the Kentucky Resolution to the Kentucky Legislature in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
		The Kentucky Resolution was secretly authored by Thomas Jefferson in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Alien.html (593 words)

	Madison's Life: Retirement: Nullification Issues: Report on VA Resolution
		Aliens are not more parties to the laws than they are parties to the Constitution; yet it will not be disputed that, as they owe, on one hand, a temporary obedience, they are entitled, in return, to their protection and advantage.
		It is said, further, that, by the law and practice of nations, aliens may be removed, at discretion, for offences against the law of nations; that Congress are authorized to define and punish such offences; and that to be dangerous to the peace of society is, in aliens, one of those offences.
		As this law relates to every subject of legislation, and would be paramount to the constitutions and laws of the states, the admission of it would overwhelm the residuary sovereignty of the states, and, by one constructive operation, new-model the whole political fabric of the country.
	www.jmu.edu /madison/center/main_pages/madison_archives/life/retirement/nullification/report.htm (10439 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts of the United States 1798.
		The Alien and the Alien Enemies Acts gave the President the power to imprison or deport aliens suspected of activities posing a threat to the national government.
		And if any alien so removed or sent out of the United States by the President shall voluntarily return thereto, unless by permission of the President of the United States, such alien on conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned so long as, in the opinion of the President, the public safety may require...
		Resolved, That alien friends are under the jurisdiction and protection of the laws of the State wherein they are: that no power over them has been delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the individual States, distinct from their power over citizens.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/us/c_alien.html (1263 words)

	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		That the State Legislatures are not the proper tribunals to determine the Constitutionality of the laws of the General Government—that the duty of such decision is properly and exclusively confided to the Judicial department.
		They became part of the heritage of the "Old Republicans." Their long-term importance lies not in their attack on the Sedition law, but rather in their strong statements of states' rights theory, which led to rather different concepts of nullification and interposition.
		The latter was deferred in 1798-1800, but it would return, and when it did the principles Jefferson had invoked against the Alien and Sedition Laws would sustain delusions of state sovereignty fully as violent as the Federalist delusions he had combated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kentucky_and_Virginia_Resolutions (768 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.1, Entry 37, ALIEN AND SEDITION LAWS: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The first alien act, as to naturalization, was repealed by the act of April 14, 1802, which re-established the former requisites of time of residence.
		The objections to it are its evident intention to restrain freedom of speech and of the press, both of which are guaranteed by the constitution, and its attempt to enlarge the sphere of the federal judiciary by impliedly recognizing its common law jurisdiction in criminal matters.
		But in 1798 libel was still a common law offense, and the state courts claimed and exercised arbitrary power as to the extent of the punishment to be inflicted in case of conviction.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy37.html (1418 words)

	Search Results for "Sedition"
		...Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798, four laws enacted by the Federalist-controlled U.S. Congress, allegedly in response to the hostile actions of the French Revolutionary...
		...Alien and Sedition Acts A series of laws, passed during the presidency of John Adams at the end of the eighteenth century, that sought to restrict the public activities...
		...obvious example of that Federalist lack of common sense was the passage of the Alien and Sedition laws in 1797 to protect the government and its chief officers from...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Sedition (318 words)

	Special Message to the Congress on the Internal Security of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Alien and Sedition Laws were so repugnant to the free spirit of our people that they played an important part in the disappearance of the Federalist Party, which sponsored them, and the objectionable features of these laws were shortly repealed or allowed to expire.
		The espionage laws make it a crime to gather, give, receive, or transmit documents or similar materials concerning the national defense of the United States with intent or reason to believe that they are to be used against the interest of the United States.
		These laws permit the Government to exclude or deport any alien from this country who may be dangerous to our internal security, and to forbid or to regulate the travel abroad of United States citizens who may be engaged in subversive activity.
	www.dangerouscitizen.com /Articles/674.aspx (3094 words)

	MILESTONE HISTORIC DOCUMENTS - THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS OF 1798
		Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition Acts, the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson.
		he last of the laws, the Sedition Act, passed on July 14 declared that any treasonable activity, including the publication of "any false, scandalous and malicious writing," was a high misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment.
		Indeed, public opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts was so great that they were in part responsible for the election of Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, to the presidency in 1800.
	www.earlyamerica.com /earlyamerica/milestones/sedition (311 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 229, KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS: Library of Economics and ...
		The second resolution denied the power of congress to pass laws for the punishment of any crimes except those mentioned in the constitution, and therefore declared the sedition law to be "void and of no force." 3.
		The fifth made the same declaration as to the same law on the ground that it infringed the right of the states to permit the migration of such persons as they should think proper to admit until the year 1808 6.
		The sixth made the same declaration as to the same law on the ground that it violated the amendments which secured "due process of law" and "public trial by an impartial jury" to accused persons, and also that it transferred the judicial power from the courts to the president.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy620.html (2705 words)

	Repeal the USA Patriot Act, by Jennifer Van Bergen, truthout, 4/1-6/02
		The Alien and Sedition Laws were a blot on the democratic record of this country.
		Law enforcement is still required under this provision to obtain a warrant to enter, but it no longer has to give you the timely notice which both the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and the Fourth Amendment require.
		Law enforcement may not ask any further questions of a suspect once he has asked for an attorney, until after he has consulted with an attorney and only in the presence of the attorney, if the suspect requests.
	www.ratical.org /ratville/CAH/repealUSAPA.html (7597 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts, Lesson Plans, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
		The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 challenged the Bill of Rights, but ultimately led to a new American definition of freedom of speech and the press.
		English common law held that any spoken or written words that found fault with the king's government undermined the respect of the people for his authority.
		Unlike English common law, the Sedition Act allowed "the truth of the matter" to be a defense.
	www.crf-usa.org /terror/alien_sedition_acts.htm (2092 words)

	The Alien and Sedition Acts: Defining American Freedom
		The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 From Archiving Early America.
		Alien and Sedition Acts of the United States From NapoleonSeries.
		Thomas Cooper—A Violation of the Sedition Law From the National Archives and Records Administration.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria19_4b.htm (2145 words)

	St. George Tucker: Note D, Restraints on Powers of Congress
		Report of the committee of the general assembly of Virginia on the alien and sedition laws, January 20, 1800.
		Report of the committee of congress, on the petitions for the repeal of the alien and sedition laws; February 25, 1799.
		Report of the committee of the general assembly or Virginia, on the alien and sedition laws.
	www.lonang.com /exlibris/tucker/tuck-1d6.htm (289 words)

	Capital University Law Library - December 2004 Acquisitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Virginia report of 1799-1800, touching the Alien and Sedition laws : together with the Virginia resolutions of December 21, 1798, the debate and proceedings thereon in the House of Delegates of Virginia, and several other documents illustrative of the report and resolutions.
		English title = The rights of war and peace, in three books : wherein are explained, the law of nature and nations, and the principal points relating to government / written in Latin by Hugo Grotius ; and translated into English ; to which are added, all the large notes of Mr.
		Law, anthropology, and the constitution of the social : making persons and things / edited by Alain Pottage and Martha Mundy.
	www.law.capital.edu /library/Acquisitions/2004/December2004.asp (1972 words)

	St. George Tucker: Note D, Powers of Congress (cont.)
		The reason of the acquiescence of the house of representatives on these occasions, probably was, that no revenue was in tended to be drawn to the government by these laws: whereas strictly speaking, a revenue is raised by the act establishing the mint; 2 cong.
		Witness, the act for establishing a bank; the act authorising the president to appoint officers to volunteer corps of militia; the act declaring that a paper not stamped agreeably thereto, shall not be admitted as evidence in a state court; the alien and sedition laws, andc.
		See the report of the committee of the general assembly of Virginia on the alien and sedition laws....
	www.lonang.com /exlibris/tucker/tuck-1d5.htm (733 words)

	World War I and the Suppression of Dissent, Part 1 (FD 4/02)
		Alien enemies were a high priority on the wartime agenda.
		Alien enemies could not depart the United States without permission and they were required to register with the government to receive a registration card.
		Aliens were banned from air travel and from the District of Columbia.
	www.fff.org /freedom/fd0204f.asp (1357 words)

	The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798-99 were a series of resolutions passed by the legislatures of these states protesting the Alien and Sedition Acts.
		The Kentucky Resolution of 1799 was the most radical of the resolutions and asserted that states had the power to nullify the laws of the federal government.
		certain unconstitutional laws of Congress, commonly called the Alien and Sedition Laws, would be faithless, indeed, to themselves and to those they represent, were they silently to acquiesce in the principles and doctrines attempted to be maintained....
	www.pinzler.com /ushistory/kenressupp.html (447 words)

	A Philadelphian Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798
		Although the Alien and Sedition Acts affected the whole country one city was a particularly caustic battling ground between the acts friends and foes.
		Along with the Alien Acts was the Sedition Act; this act gave the government power to arrest and imprison any individual that wrote anything that portrayed the government in a bad light.
		Despite the Alien’s Act to deter immigration a horde of emigrants from war torn Europe were coming to the U.S. as fast as the wind would blow them.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~mgagnon/students/4070/04SP4070-Pierzchajlo.htm (1660 words)

	Center for First Amendment Studies
		In between the Alien and Sedition crisis and the McCarthy era, the pattern of expanding an external threat into an internal threat was readily apparent in most crises.
		Since the Alien and Sedition Acts were set to expire the day before the Inauguration of 1801, they were never tested by the Supreme Court.
		Under current law, the president must demonstrate that military tribunals are essential because the current system does not allow for the timely prosecution of terrorists.
	www.csulb.edu /~crsmith/whitepapers/patriots.htm (10832 words)

	Lesson: Defending the Homeland
		“Virginia Resolutions of 1798, Pronouncing the Alien and Sedition Laws to be Unconstitutional, and Defining the Rights of the States.” 1798-12-21.
		Virginia Resolutions of 1798, Pronouncing the Alien and Sedition Laws to be Unconstitutional, and Defining the Rights of the States”
		Have students use their textbook and sources on the Internet to research the events leading up to-, and prompting-, the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
	www.siue.edu /EDUCATION/AAM/lesson/parkin/AAM/AAM-Alien_&_Sedition_Acts/AAM-Lesson_Plan-Alien_&_Sedition_Acts.htm (1048 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Alien and Sedition Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Most controversial, however, was the Sedition Act, devised to silence Republican criticism of the Federalists.
		Its broad proscription of spoken or written criticism of the government, the Congress, or the President virtually nullified the First Amendment freedoms of speech and the press.
		The Alien and Sedition Acts provoked the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and did much to unify the Republican party and to foster Republican victory in the election of 1800.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/AlienN1S1e.asp (355 words)

	Public Popular Reaction
		A passive resistance by individuals defying the laws that were claimed to be unconstitutional as violation of the rights of free speech and free press in the Northern States resulted in many arrest.
		The "Men of ‘75" were unable to tell their story to the public directly, but opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts (the "Gag Laws" as they were called), was gaining, among the common people in the North, and among the politicians in the South.
		He in turn pardon all those who were arrested under the Alien and Sedition Act of 1798.
	homepages.udayton.edu /~kellomcc/popular_reaction.htm (679 words)

	Lee and Marshall (1799) The Address of the minority in the Virginia Legislature to the people of that State: Containing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Lee and Marshall (1799) The Address of the minority in the Virginia Legislature to the people of that State: Containing a vindication of the constitutionality of the Alien and sedition laws
		The Address of the minority in the Virginia Legislature to the people of that State: Containing a vindication of the constitutionality of the Alien and sedition laws
		Alien and sedition laws, 1798; Kentucky and Virginia resolutions of 1798
	www.getcited.org /?PUB=101722504&showStat=Ratings (134 words)

	Lesson: “Defending the Homeland” - The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1789
		Lesson: “Defending the Homeland” - The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1789
		Through this activity students will learn that there have been times during the history of the United States when, in response to real and perceived threats, both domestic and foreign, our country has responded by passing legislation that has abridged some of the fundamental rights protected by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
		“Virginia Resolutions of 1798, Pronouncing the Alien and Sedition Laws to be Unconstitutional, and Defining the Rights of the States.” 1798-12-21.
	www.siue.edu /EDUCATION/AAM/lesson/parkin/AAM/AAM-Alien_&_Sedition_Acts/Alien_&_Sedition_Acts.htm (1063 words)

	Alien and Sedition Acts
		In 1798, the Federalist-controlled Congress passed a series of laws which, on the surface, were designed to control the activities of foreigners in the United States during a time of impending war.
		The Jeffersonians argued quite rightly that the Sedition Act violated the terms of the First Amendment and offered a remedy in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
		While these laws were either repealed or allowed to expire in the next administration, they were significant as rallying points for the Jeffersonians.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h463.html (328 words)

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