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Topic: Aliphatic hydrocarbon

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	Hydrocarbon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, methane (swamp/marsh gas) is a hydrocarbon with one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms: CH Ethane is a hydrocarbon (more specifically, an alkane) consisting of two carbon atoms held together with a single bond, each with three hydrogen atoms bonded: C
		Each of these hydrocarbons must follow the 4-hydrogen rule which states that all carbon atoms must have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms as it can hold (the limit is four).
		Liquid geologically-extracted hydrocarbons are referred to as petroleum (literally "rock oil") or mineral oil, while gaseous geologic hydrocarbons are referred to as natural gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hydrocarbon (368 words)

	Aromatic hydrocarbon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds.
		After the simplest possible aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene, such a configuration of six carbon atoms is known as a benzene ring.
		, is the simplest AH and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon (726 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hydrocarbon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon, that is, a hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds.
		Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms.
		Hydrocarbons are of prime economic importance because they encompass the constituents of the major fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.) and biofuels, as well as plastics, waxes, solvents and oils.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/hydrocarbon (1124 words)

	Emma J. Wraige - Ph.D. Abstract
		Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, U.K. The occurrence of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (UCMs) in the aliphatic fraction of marine sediments and organisms from areas impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons is well documented and widely accepted as an indication of fossil fuel contamination.
		In contrast, the presence of an aromatic UCM is often ignored and environmental concentrations of aromatic UCM hydrocarbons in marine biota and sediments are rarely reported.
		The aims of this study were to establish the quantitative significance of aromatic UCMs in environmental samples and to assess the toxicological significance of both aliphatic and aromatic UCMs.
	www.research.plymouth.ac.uk /pegg/theses/1997/ejw_thes.htm (538 words)

	Patent 5138112: Process for converting a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon to high octane transportable fuel
		The dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone effluent stream is passed to a separator for the separation of benzene and lower boiling hydrocarbons from the dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone effluent into an isomerization zone feed and the reproduction of an aromatics stream comprising C.sub.7 and higher boiling hydrocarbons.
		This feedstream may be combined with recycle stream 12 comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbons recovered in the separation zone of the process to produce a combined feedstream 14 to the dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone 16.
		According to the present invention, the C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon feedstream is contacted with the catalytic composite in a dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone maintained at dehydrocyclodimerization conditions.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5138112.html (8610 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Aliphatic
		Aliphatic is especially used in reference to open-chain (non-cyclic) hydrocarbons.
		Aliphatic hydrocarbons are major components of everyday materials such as turpentine, gasoline and oil-based paints.
		Aliphatic hydrocarbons and their chemical derivatives are often quite flammable.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/aliphatic.html (324 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		The hydrocarbons are divided into alicyclic, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, according to the arrangement of the atoms and the chemical properties of the compounds.
		aliphatic hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon in which no carbon atoms are joined to form a ring.
		saturated hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon that has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms for a given carbon structure, such as methane, ethane, propane, cyclopropane, and the butanes.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_h_16zPzhtm (3112 words)

	Patent 5393454: Thickened composition containing polymeric thickener and aliphatic hydrocarbon
		In accordance with the present invention a stable thickened surfactant containing composition comprises a nonionic synthetic organic detergent, an associative polymer thickener, a water insoluble aliphatic hydrocarbon and water, thereby producing a stable thickened composition which is stable at room temperatures.
		Preferred concentrations of the mentioned components of the thickened composition comprises approximately by weight 2 to 15% of nonionic synthetic organic detergent, 2 to 20% of aliphatic hydrocarbon, 0.1 to 5.0% of associative polymeric thickener, and the balance being water.
		The aliphatic hydrocarbons used in the instant thickened composition can be straight chained or branched chained hydrocarbons having about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and most preferably about 9 to about 14 carbon atoms, wherein the most preferred aliphatic hydrocarbon is decane.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5393454.html (2798 words)

	White spirit (EHC 187, 1996)
		hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 140-220°C. The low flash grade possesses the highest vapour pressure of approximately 1.4 kPa (10.5 mmHg) at 20°C. A USA variety of type 1 is called Stoddard solvent and is a petroleum distillate defined according to its boiling range of 149-204°C and the absence of rancid or objectionable odours.
		When the aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons were compared, it was noted that although the aromatics produced the highest concentrations in blood they were found in the lowest concentration in brain.
		The aliphatic hydrocarbons are known to undergo oxidative conversion, catalysed by monooxygenases, to alcohols.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc187.htm (13881 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Hydrocarbon
		An hydrocarbon is an organic chemical compound that is comprised only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms.
		Hydrocarbons (or other organic molecules) that form a ring are called cyclic.
		Hydrocarbons and their chemical derivatives are often quite flammable.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/hydrocarbon.html (786 words)

	Aliphatic
		Applied to a large class of organic compounds characterized by an open-chain structure and consisting of the paraffin, olefin, and acetylene hydrocarbons and theirderivatives (as the fatty acids).
		In chemistry, hydrocarbon compounds having an open chain structure (this is, non-aromatic) are called aliphatic (synonyms: acyclic, open chain); they include not only the fatty acids and other derivatives of the paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, such as the ethylene (alkene) and acetylene (alkyne) series.
		Propionic acid from aliphatic acid is also imported as well as varieties of fatty amines, such as isopropyl amine, diisopropylamine, and ethylenediamine.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /al/aliphatic.html (676 words)

	Station Information - Aromatic hydrocarbon
		An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double bonds.
		Aromatic hydrocarbons were so named due to their generally intense smell, long before their molecular structure was understood.
		He envisioned the delocalised electons rapidly shifting configuration between one of two forms, or resonance structures, in which double bonds rapidly move about the hexagonal ring.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/aromatic_hydrocarbon.html (508 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Aliphatic: One of the main groups of hydrocarbons characterised by the straight or branched chain arrangement of constituent atoms.
		Alkane: An aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula CnH2n+2 A normal alkane, or n-alkane is one which does not have a branched carbon backbone.
		Alkyne: An unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon characterised by the presence of a triple [C=C] bond.
	www.fire.org.uk /glossary.htm (5380 words)

	218. Petroleum hydrocarbon fractions (Hexane and Heptane) (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 48a)
		PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS Hexane and Heptane) Commercial "hexane" may contain up to 50% 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane as well as n-hexane and small amounts of various pentanes, heptane, dimethyl butane, etc. Heptane is not a well defined and specified solvent.
		Biological Data Biochemical aspects This aliphatic hydrocarbon is considered to be as inert biochemically as it is chemically in parallel to other hydrocarbons (Williams, 1959).
		Tentative Evaluation The use of hydrocarbon solvents should be restricted to that determined by good manufacturing practice, which is expected to result in minimal residues unlikely to have any significant toxicological effect.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v48aje20.htm (1085 words)

	Compositional Indicies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Sources off San Diego, California
		The objectives of this study were to identify the possible origins or sources of hydrocarbons in the coastal region off San Diego and to evaluate the extent of organic contamination exerted by the point and nonpoint inputs.
		Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Washington coastal sediments: an evaluation of atmospheric and riverine routes of introduction.
		Hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea: their occurrence and fate in the sediment and in the water column, as dissolved and associated with small and large size particulates.
	www.sccwrp.org /pubs/annrpt/94-95/art-04.htm (8240 words)

	Isolation and Characterization of a Mycobacterium Species Capable of Degrading Three- and Four-Ring Aromatic and ...
		Different degradative genes are involved in the metabolism of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (26).
		Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: isolation and characterization of a pyrene-degrading bacterium.
		Identification and characterization of genes encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dioxygenase and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dihydrodiol dehydrogenase in Pseudomonas putida OUS82.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/65/2/549 (2442 words)

	Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Gasoline and a Hydrocarbon Solvent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although gasoline is readily biodegradable, little was known about the hydrocarbon solvent or whether it could be degraded rapidly by naturally-occurring microorganisms.
		Based on the test results, which indicated the inhibitory nature of the hydrocarbon solvent and a doubling of the biodegradation rate by bioaugmentation, the owner selected a solid-phase process using nutrients and a commercial microbial inoculum, as the most cost-effective treatment of the site.
		Bioaugmentation was shown to double the mineralization rate of hydrocarbons over the indigenous populations in laboratory pilot tests.
	www.bioscienceinc.com /Case%20Studies/BSE038.htm (849 words)

	Products including Resinates, Ink Resins, Rosin Resins, Adhesive Resins, Aromatic and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, ...
		Aliphatic hydrocarbon resins are a very diverse family of resins.
		Aromatic hydrocarbon resins are the most soluble / compatible of all the unmodified hydrocarbon resins.
		Phenolated hydrocarbon resins are high softening point, highly compatible hydrocarbon resins which find use in the rubber industry as process additives and curing aids.
	www.resinall.com /products.html (566 words)

	SLI - Basic Science - Introduction to Organic Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons are formed when carbon atoms are joined together to form a ring.
		Cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons are sometimes drawn with lines joining imaginary carbons.
		Cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, with single bonds only, are named in a similar way to the alkanes except they have cyclo as a prefix.
	www.safetyline.wa.gov.au /institute/level2/course15/lecture92/l92_06.asp (883 words)

	U.S. Pregrants under IPC C 07 D 277/587 - with aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		U.S. Pregrants under IPC C 07 D 277/587 - with aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g.
		ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, said aliphatic radicals being substituted in the alpha-position to the ring by a hetero atom, e.g.
		Current U.S pregrants under IPC 277/587with aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g.
	cxp.paterra.com /uspregrants7C07D27758700000.rss (165 words)

	Isohexadecane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Isohexadecane is a 16 carbon branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
		It is present in many skin moisturizers and is used as a emulsifier or thickening agent.
		From a toxicological standpoint, isohexadecane can be expected to share most of the characteristics of other similar length isoparaffinic hydrocarbons.
	www.pgbeautyscience.com /en_UK/glossary/isohexadecane_en.html (107 words)

	ALIPHATIC BIOMARKERS IN RECENT SEDIMENTS AND ORGANIC SOURCE MATERIAL FROM LAKE BOSUMTWI, GHANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Although total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and bulk organic matter stable isotopic composition are widely used in paleoclimate reconstructions to identify changes in sources and levels of organic productivity, there are large variances in the chemistry of organic source material that complicate the interpretation of these proxies particularly in lacustrine settings.
		This study focuses on a series of aliphatic hydrocarbon biomarkers and how they occur in organic source material and sediments within a productive tropical lacustrine basin.
		This result is consistent with the more refractory nature of lipids derived from terrestrial plants compared to aquatic sources, and suggests that the minor aliphatic hydrocarbons may be more indicative of the organic source material than the major n-alkanes (C10-C30).
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_45119.htm (444 words)

	Macroporous polymer foams by hydrocarbon templating -- Shastri et al. 97 (5): 1970 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		Step 3: The polymer/porogen mixture in the mold is then immersed in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (e.g., pentane, hexane), which is a nonsolvent for the polymer, for 20 min at 45-50°C. During this step, the porogen and polymer solvent are extracted with concurrent precipitation of the polymer phase.
		Polymer foams were produced by using hydrocarbon particulate phases of both spherical and polyhedral morphologies (Table 1).
		PLGA and PLLA foams were prepared by using particulate hydrocarbon porogen (fugitive phase) differing in morphology, mean diameter (size distribution), and relative ratio (wt/wt) with respect to the polymer phase.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/5/1970 (2996 words)

	Field Demonstration of an In Situ Treatment for Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites Using Wellpoints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The site being tested has a very low permeability (average of 10(-6) cm/sec) and is contaminated with aliphatic and BTEX hydrocarbons.
		It is proposed that the aeration be provided either by the injection of hydrogen peroxide or by pumping air through the wellpoints.
		The first step has been completed with the testing of over 50 types of surfactant and co-Surfactant to establish which pairings, and at what concentrations, were effective at extracting over 95 percent of the hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil.
	www.nato.int /ccms/s13/report/intrm04.html (388 words)

	Differential Relationship between the Carbon Chain Length of Jet Fuel Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Their Ability to ...
		HEK mortality after exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons and Jet A. HEK mortality was evaluated at either 4 or 24 h after exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons without vehicle for 1, 5, or 15 min.
		Hydrocarbons with the same letter and case were not statistically different (p > 0.05).
		Hydrocarbons with the same letter and bar were not statistically different (p > 0.05).
	toxsci.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/226 (4273 words)

	Radiocarbon Dating of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: A New Approach for Dating Passive-Fraction Carbon in Soil Horizons -- ...
		fractions, aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions, and TOC in PG1 (Bol et al., 1996).
		C ages for TOC, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
		C contents of aliphatic hydrocarbons and bulk organic matter in three types of British acid upland soils.
	soil.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/5/1181 (3557 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Hydrocarbon Insecticides : Article Excerpt by: Kevin Ban, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Background: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in aliphatic and/or aromatic configurations.
		Chlorinated hydrocarbon (organochlorine) insecticides, solvents, and fumigants are widely used in the US.
		Some of the more volatile hydrocarbons can be inhaled while in vapor form or swallowed while in liquid form.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-hydrocarbon-insecticides.htm (443 words)

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