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Topic: Alizarin

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	alizarin
		Alizarin is one of the two main dyes, the other being purpurin, that come from the root of the madder plant.
		Alizarin lakes are compatible with a variety of paints and sufaces, including oil, watercolor, tempera, dry interior plaster, and chalk.
		Traditionally, alizarin is used for glaze because of its translucent tendency.
	www.sewanee.edu /chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Pigments/alizarin (1292 words)

	Alizarin - LoveToKnow 1911
		Alizarin was known to the ancients, and until 1868 was obtained entirely from madder root.
		The melt is dissolved in water and the dyestuff is liberated from the sodium salt by hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, or is converted into the calcium salt by digestion with hot milk of lime, then filtered and the calcium salt decomposed by acid.
		This compound is hydrolysed by hydriodic acid and alizarin is obtained.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Alizarin (828 words)

	Alizarin - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone or mordant red, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant.
		The alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated in 1868 when the German chemists Carl Graebe and Karl Lieberman, working for BASF, found a way to produce it from anthracene.
		Alizarin itself has been in turn largely replaced today by the more light-resistant quinacridone pigments developed at DuPont in 1958.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alizarin (339 words)

	alizarin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A method for the synthesis of alizarin was first discovered (1868) by Karl Graebe and Karl Liebermann, German chemists.
		With salts of metals the compound forms brilliant lakes, although by itself it is a poor dye.
		Purpurin, also used in dyeing, occurs with alizarin in madder and is produced synthetically.
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/alizarin.html (168 words)

	Vom Krapp zum Alizarin
		"Der rote Farbstoff, der nach dem orientalischen Namen der Pflanze 'Lizari'oder 'Alizari' Alizarin genannt wird, ist in der Wurzel der Krapppflanze enthalten.
		Alizarin vor der Alizarinsynthese.(8) Der Krapp war im 18.
		Zum Thema existiert eine Unterrichtsreihe fuer den Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe II: Hapke, Thomas: Faerben mit Krapp und Alizarin.
	www.tu-harburg.de /b/hapke/farbstof.html (0 words)

	Alizarin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone or mordant red, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant.
		The alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated in 1868 when the German chemists Carl Graebe and Carl Liebermann, working for BASF, found a way to produce it from anthracene.
		Alizarin red is used in a biochemical assay to determine, quantitatively by colourimetery, the presence of calcific deposition by cells of an osteogenic lineage.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DAlizarin%26type%3Den (478 words)

	Blogger: User Profile: Alizarin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		About Me Alizarin is a sad, sad, specimen who hides behind her writing and wants to keep on doing it for a living.
		Formerly out and about, the so-called “social director” of her tight, fashionable Manhattan clique, she now tries to pay the rent and keep her three cats fed. Before you yell, “spinster!” know that she is married to a younger, very sexy, very virile man who adores the cats and eats lots of chocolate.
		Alizarin is by trade a TV news journalist, currently on strike until the whole industry shapes the hell up.
	www.blogger.com /profile/4249861 (176 words)

	alizarin - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, mordant vegetable dye obtained originally from the root of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum), in which it occurs as a glucoside.
		With salts of metals the compound forms brilliant lakes, although by itself it is a poor dye.
		Purpurin, also used in dyeing, occurs with alizarin in madder and is produced synthetically.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-alizarin.html (364 words)

	Dyes on Archaeological Textiles: Analyzing Alizarin and Its Degradation Products - Science - RedOrbit
		As a step toward such an approach, this aerobic degradation study focused on the analysis of alizarin (1, 2-dihydroxyanthraquinone), which is the principal coloring matter of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.), known historically for its wide use as a natural dyestuff throughout the eastern and western continents.
		When the alizarin was mixed with hydrogen peroxide and prior to exposure to uv radiation, the most prominent peak was at the retention time of 5.8 minutes.
		Degradation of alizarin is expected to follow a series of complex processes due to the high reactivity of the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display/?id=104942 (3804 words)

	Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society - Solid sampling analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for lead ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Recently, a procedure using alizarin red (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) complexation and naphthalene as solid phase was applied for the spectrometric Pb determination in seawater.
		For that, alizarin red adsorbed on naphthalene was used to a SPE procedure.
		Thus, as the Pb adsorbed alizarin red –; naphthalene matrix is stable, at least, by 45 days it is possible to keep a lot of ground reference test-samples in the laboratory by preparing synthetic solid calibration samples having a convenient interval of Pb concentration.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50532005000700023&lng=pt&nrm=iso (3954 words)

	Madder lake (Alizarin) - manufacture recipes
		Alizarin lakes are prepared by reaction of alizarine with aluminum hydroxide.
		Boil 1 part of madder in from 12 to 15 pints of water, and continue the ebullition till it be reduced to about 2 lbs.
		The mixture is diluted to 500 ml with deionized water and boiled for 6 hours with replenishment of water.
	www.webexhibits.org /pigments/indiv/recipe/alizarin.html (348 words)

	Madder lake (Alizarin) - history
		It was the alizarin component that was made synthetically by the German chemists C. Graebe and C. Lieberman in 1868 and patented in England the same year.
		As in the natural madder lake aluminum hydrate (alum) is used as a substrate for the synthetic variety, most commonly known as alizarin crimson.
		Although alizarin crimson had superior permanence over the madder lake because of the absence of purpurin, both madder lakes were used in oil and watercolor painting.
	webexhibits.org /pigments/indiv/history/alizarin.html (541 words)

	handprint : red watercolors
		Alizarin crimson PR83 is a fugitive, transparent, staining, dark valued, moderately intense to moderately dull deep red pigment, offered by 5 pigment manufacturers worldwide.
		Applied as a juicy wash, some brands produce a subtle flocculation, and most brands are fairly active wet in wet (alizarin requires extensive milling to disperse in a vehicle, so a dispersant is often added to the paint batch to decrease the milling time).
		Alizarin crimson has been tested hundreds of times since the late 19th century and there is simply no credible argument in its favor.
	www.handprint.com /HP/WCL/waterr.html (6479 words)

	JAIC 1986, Volume 25, Number 2, Article 1 (pp. 65 to 72)
		As reported,2 the specific rate constant, k1, was found to be essentially constant throughout a range of initial concentrations of alizarin lake pigment of from 50 to 2.5% relative to the titanium white and a range of pigment volume concentration (PVC) of titanium white from 19 to 2.5%.
		Figure 1 shows a typical result: along with the expected decrease in the amount of alizarin lake with increased exposure, there was also at first a rising, then a declining, concentration of a yellow component present in many of the exposed panels.
		The concentration of alizarin lake at this same time is obtained from the experimental data, seen here in the graphs of concentration versus exposure, such as in Figure 1.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic25-02-001.html (1964 words)

	Alizarin Yellow-Modified -Cyclodextrin as a Guest-Responsive Absorption Change Sensor
		Alizarin yellow is a pH indicator that exhibits absorption peaks at 360 and 480 nm in the neutral region and in the alkaline region, respectively, with pK
		ACD has two parts to be deprotonated: one is the phenolic hydroxyl group of alizarin yellow residue and the other is the secondary amine group of the spacer.
		shift in the alkaline region suggests that deprotonation of the amine group of ACD occurs when the alizarin yellow moiety is excluded from the cyclodextrin cavity associated with guest accommodation and exposed to an alkaline environment.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/ancham/1997/69/i04/abs/ac960727z.html (318 words)

	The Artist's Magazine - Article Search
		They said the iron oxide in these earth pigments would react with and gradually decompose alizarin, and that 20-25 years later the alizarin would be completely fl.
		While alizarin crimson isn’t without its problems, it was introduced into the palette in the 1800s and many paintings from that time have their alizarin crimson glazes intact.
		Prized for its bluish-red tint and its transparency, alizarin crimson is most commonly used as a jewel-like glaze and not mixed with any other color.
	artistsmagazine.com /article.asp?id=1295 (420 words)

	Madder lake (Alizarin) - overview
		Dyes include dozens of hydroxyanthraquinones (e.g., alizarin) from plants.
		The cultivation of madder root almost ceased after a synthetic method for making alizarin was discovered by German chemists, Graebe and Liebermann, in 1868.
		Madder is a dye that is made into a pigmented by "laking" it - binding it to a white powder.
	webexhibits.org /pigments/indiv/overview/alizarin.html (142 words)

	Molecule of the Day : Alizarin (Not so mad for madder anymore, are we?)
		Alizarin (Not so mad for madder anymore, are we?)
		Alizarin is a pigment found in the madder root, which was used as a dye throughout essentially all of history.
		Alizarin is something of a fungicide and pediculoside (always useful for soldiers).
	scienceblogs.com /moleculeoftheday/2007/04/alizarin_not_so_mad_for_madder.php (727 words)

	Amazon.com: "alizarin crimson": Key Phrase page
		See all pages with references to "alizarin crimson".
		Alizarin crimson is a cool red, cadmium red a warm one.
		You might begin with a palette of: cadmium red, alizarin crimson, cadmium yellow, yellow ocher, raw umber, phthalo blue, ultramarine, viridian, and perhaps ivory fl and Chinese white or white gouache.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/alizarin-crimson (359 words)

	Art Education - Alizarin
		Fortunately acrylic painters have the perfect alternative in Atelier’s Pyrrole Alizarin and hopefully this beautiful pigment will be used in other mediums eventually.
		Alizarin Crimson was hailed when developed in the 19th century as being a better alternative to madder.
		Early enthusiasm has turned to disappointment as artists discovered it fades rapidly in tints, and makes the oil film brittle and prone to cracking.
	www.arteducation.com.au /art-dictionary/alizarin-pigment.php (0 words)

	Alizarin Crimson Hue
		Pigment History: The base ingredient in Alizarin Crimson, the Madder Plant (Rubia Tinctorum), has been cultivated and used for thousands of years.
		Ancient Persian, Indian and Egyptian artifacts reveal its use for dyes and inks was widespread among craftsmen.
		In 1868, German Chemists Graebe and Liebermann discovered the chemistry behind the colorant and created Alizarin, which was a vast improvement in lightfastness over the natural madder color.
	www.goldenpaints.com /products/color/heavybody/colors/1450infopg.php (394 words)

	Stainsfile - Alizarin red S
		Alizarin red S is sometimes used to demonstrate calcium in sections.
		It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.
		Although sometimes simply called alizarin, it should be noted that another dye, from which it is derived by sulphonation, is more properly called by that name.
	stainsfile.info /StainsFile/dyes/58005.htm (85 words)

	alizarin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A method for the synthesis of alizarin was first discovered (1868) by Karl Graebe and Karl Liebermann, German chemists.
		With salts of metals the compound forms brilliant lakes, although by itself it is a poor dye.
		Purpurin, also used in dyeing, occurs with alizarin in madder and is produced synthetically.
	www.bartelby.com /65/al/alizarin.html (168 words)

	Alizarin Yellow GG - 584-42-9 - Catalog of Chemical Suppliers
		Alizarin Yellow GG - 584-42-9 - Catalog of Chemical Suppliers
		If you are a supplier you may also add your own catalog of chemicals for free.
		Alizarin Yellow GG Alizarin Yellow GG Mordant Yellow 1
	www.chemexper.com /chemicals/supplier/cas/584-42-9.html (0 words)

	Alizarin
		מאת Alizarin, נובמבר 22, 2006 18:33, תחת הנושאים כללי
		מאת Alizarin, אוקטובר 27, 2006 19:42, תחת הנושאים כללי, לימודים
		מאת Alizarin, אוקטובר 21, 2006 15:26, תחת הנושאים כללי
	themarkerblogs.com /alizarin (1939 words)

	Comics2Film: Alizarin's Journal
		Alizarin's Journal centers on Alizarin McKinnely, a scholar of parapsychology who travels the world with her pet guinea pig studying ancient cultures.
		Alizarin has the rich characterizations of the Buffy cast but is closer in tone to X-Files.
		Only one issue of Alizarin's Journal was published in fl and white by Avatar Press in 1999.
	www.comics2film.com /Alizarin.shtml (409 words)

	madder red - redcoats - alizarin - red dye
		This and the artists' pigment 'rose-madder' were two of the products made from these plants.
		In the nineteenth century the dyes in madder (alizarin and purpurin) were identified, then synthesized.
		Alizarin was extracted 1868 from coal-tar, and many other useful products began to be isolated from this source.
	footguards.tripod.com /06ARTICLES/ART33_madder.htm (805 words)

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