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Topic: Alkaline battery

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	Rayovac - Battery Wizard - How a Battery is Made
		However, unlike zinc chloride batteries, where the cathode is the inside portion of the battery and the anode is on the outside, the alkaline cathode is on the outside and the alkaline anode is on the inside.
		The alkaline cathode is a mixture of manganese dioxide, graphite and an electrolyte.
		As with the zinc chloride battery, the cathode and the anode portions of the alkaline battery must be kept from coming into contact with one another.
	www.rayovac.com /wizard/battery_howmade.htm (399 words)

	Alkaline battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alkaline batteries are a type of power cell dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO
		Compared with traditional carbon/zinc batteries, while both produce approximately 1.5 volts per cell, alkaline batteries have a higher energy density and longer shelf-life.
		Around the 1990s, the addition of mercury in alkaline batteries was stopped.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alkaline_battery (261 words)

	Battery (electricity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Multiple batteries or cells may also be referred to as a battery pack, such as a set of multi-cell 12 V batteries in an electric vehicle.
		This battery is notable in that it contains a liquid in an unsealed container, requiring that the battery be kept upright and the area be well-ventilated to deal with the explosive hydrogen gas which is vented by these batteries during overcharging.
		Flow batteries are a special class of battery where additional quantities of electrolyte are stored outside the main power cell of the battery, and circulated through it by pumps or by movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battery_(electricity) (4506 words)

	New Technology Batteries Guide: Available Battery Types (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alkaline batteries typically use sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as the main component of the electrolyte.
		Alkaline batteries are often used in applications where long-lasting, high-energy output is needed, such as cellular phones, portable CD players and radios, pagers, and flash cameras.
		This manufacturer states that its batteries do not suffer from memory effects as the Ni-Cd batteries do, and that their batteries have a shelf life that is much longer than Ni-Cd batteries—almost as long as the shelf life of primary alkaline batteries.
	www.nlectc.org /txtfiles/batteryguide/ba-type.htm (3634 words)

	Alkaline Battery Comparisons (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The primary AA alkaline batteries tested were RayOVac, Sanyo, Energizer, Panasonic, Fuji, Kodak, Walgreen, Radio Shack and Duracell.
		A more useful comparison is the determination of the battery capacitance - in units of milliamp-hours - for each of the batteries for terminal voltages of 1.1 volts and 1.0 volts.
		The voltage available from a battery is reduced in proportion to the magnitude of the internal resistance and the current flowing through the battery.
	home.att.net /~mikemelni1/battery1.html (279 words)

	Alkaline Battery - industrial grade batteries
		Universal Battery Super Alkaline Aggressor size C sold in quantities of 24.
		Universal Battery Super Alkaline Aggressor size D sold in quantities of 12.
		Duracell Alkaline size C sold in quantities of 12.
	www.ebatteriestogo.com /Alkaline_Batteries.htm (504 words)

	Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism: Alkaline Battery
		The battery has either a metal or plastic jacket, as well as covers on its bottom and top, to help control polarity in applications.
		The alkaline-manganese dioxide battery was introduced in the early 1960’s and remains in a strong position in today’s battery market.
		Alkaline batteries come in two forms, either as large cylindrical cells, or as miniature cells resembling buttons.
	micro.magnet.fsu.edu /electromag/electricity/batteries/alkaline.html (547 words)

	Fact Sheet: Disposal of Alkaline Batteries (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because alkaline batteries do not meet the definition of a material having an aqueous solution or free liquid, they are not a corrosive waste by definition.
		Because alkaline batteries do not exhibit the characteristics to be classified as a reactive or ignitable waste; and because the batteries pass the TCLP test; and because the batteries do not meet the required definitions to be a corrosive waste, alkaline batteries are not hazardous waste under RCRA.
		If batteries for disposal are to be managed as a hazardous waste and must be transported off the installation, the batteries are required to be manifested according to regulations found in 40 CFR Part 262.
	es.epa.gov /techinfo/facts/pro-act5.html (1465 words)

	Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Batteries
		Although an alkaline battery in 1985-1990 could cost two to three times the cost of a Carbon Zinc or Zinc Chloride battery, it would outperform those batteries by up to ten times, depending on usage.
		Alkaline batteries may be stored for two years at room temperature and still hold 90 percent of their original capacity (80% after four years).
		Alkaline batteries do not have a standard capacity rating; see the Capacity heading for a full explanation.
	support.radioshack.com /support_tutorials/batteries/bt-alk-main.htm (302 words)

	CCS Educational Inc. (Alkaline Rechargeable Battery Warning) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The alkaline rechargeable is completely different from the traditional and original nickel-cadmium rechargeable (NI-CAD) that has been around for 10 years.
		Alkaline charges contain a charging circuit to shut the charging down when they are full.
		Battery Technologies in Toronto has the patent for the alkaline rechargeable and licensed it to Pure Energy in Canada and Rayovac in the USA.
	home.ican.net /~ccs/AlkBattW.htm (449 words)

	World Primary & Secondary Alkaline Battery Markets
		Battery vendors are challenged to provide the right combination of distribution channels and to take steps to make their brands prominently visible as well as easily available to customers, since batteries are a highly impulsive purchase.
		The electrolytes used in the alkaline batteries are either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
		Secondary Alkaline Battery: This is a reusable battery having multiple cathode rings (pellets) formulated from electrolytic manganese dioxide, graphite and additives and gelled zinc anodes with a microporous separator.
	www.frost.com /prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=A428-01-00-00-00 (1065 words)

	Battery FAQ's
		Because the voltage of an alkaline battery drops at a very predictable rate it’s possible to estimate the amount of capacity left in an alkaline battery based solely on its voltage.
		Alkaline batteries have a high rated capacity but they can only deliver their full capacity when the power is used slowly.
		Nimh batteries will work well in flashlights but if the flashlight were to be stored long periods for emergency use then alkaline batteries with their longer shelf life would be the better choice.
	www.starbatteries.com /batteryfaqs.html (3437 words)

	TechLore.com - Battery Xtender Alkaline Battery Recharger
		Alkaline battery technology was introduced in the 1950s, and it quickly became a major part of everyday life.
		The idea of recharging alkaline batteries is not new, but Alkaline battery chargers have been offered to the public in the past, and they were not very successful because they did not live up their promise of creating reliable multi-use batteries from traditional alkaline disposables.
		Batteries must be inserted with their positive posts against the stationary top and negative bases against the spring loaded sliding negative contact.
	www.techlore.com /article/12180?src=103 (1974 words)

	Alkaline battery charging -- can regular batteries be recharged?
		Alkaline batteries have long shelf lives and they do not suffer the 'memory effects' of Nickel-cadmium batteries.
		Managing their own batteries is fun, and they know it helps the environment by not having to throw batteries away when they can recycle them.
		The convenience of having newly-recharged alkalines in that drawer means not having to rush to the store to equip a flashlight when a storm approaches, or other sudden requirement.
	www.allaboutbatteries.com /Alkaline-charging.html (1008 words)

	Will the reusable alkaline battery have a future?
		Recharging these batteries is only effective, however, if the cells have been discharged to less than 50% of their total capacity.
		The longevity of the reusable alkaline is a direct function of the depth of discharge; the deeper the discharge, the fewer cycles the battery can endure.
		After the battery was fully discharged and recharged using the manufacturer's charger, the reusable alkaline settled at 60%, a capacity slightly below that of nickel-cadmium.
	www.batteryuniversity.com /print-partone-7.htm (772 words)

	Computer Battery Help
		The first type of battery is the backup battery, which is commonly referred to as the "CMOS battery".
		This battery is only found within portable computers and is used as a temporary backup for the main battery.
		The main battery is also only used with portable computers and is used as an alternate source of power for when the computer is not connected to a standard wall outlet.
	www.computerhope.com /battery.htm (663 words)

	FAQ's on nimh batteries, and nicad rechargeable batteries compared to heavy duty batteries
		Alkaline batteries were not designed to meet the very high power demands of today's electronic devices.
		Alkaline batteries have a high rated capacity, but they can only deliver their full capacity if the power is used slowly.
		If the battery is completely discharged before it is recharged, that takes a bigger "slice" of the battery's capacity, if it is only partially discharged a before recharging, it uses up a smaller "slice".
	www.greenbatteries.com /nibafa.html (2439 words)

	Duracell PROCELL: The Chemistries: Alkaline
		Its major advantages (compared to the zinc-carbon battery system) are a high energy density; the ability to operate continuously at relatively high discharge rates over a wide temperature range (due to its lower internal resistance); and a shelf life in excess of four years.
		The cost of the alkaline battery, on a service life basis, is lowest in medium to high drain applications.
		The components of the alkaline-manganese battery are a zinc anode, a manganese dioxide cathode, and a highly conductive potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
	www.duracell.com /procell/chemistries/alkaline.asp?content=overview (220 words)

	Battery Force - Alkaline Battery Technology
		This change in electrolyte is responsible for much of the improved performance of alkaline batteries, also because the new chemical reaction is simpler, and does not create chmical waste (a blocking precipitate) in the battery, which caused many of the Zinc Carbon battery's limitations.
		One significant technical challenge in the development of alkaline batteries was the containment of what are quite aggressive chemical substances.
		They perform well even at lower temperatures, down to about -30°C. Development of alkaline technology is still continuing, and has resulted in a number of premium manufacturers introducing 'ultra' versions of their batteries.
	www.batteryforce.com /bf/expert_eba.html (334 words)

	Voltage of an Alkaline Battery
		Alkaline batteries, or alkaline manganese batteries, are commonly used in many things such as flashlights and personal stereos.
		The two electrodes of the alkaline battery are zinc and manganese dioxide.
		Unlike the alkaline primary battery, the alkaline storage battery is rechargeable and can be used again after discharge of its electric energy.
	hypertextbook.com /facts/2001/AliceLi.shtml (376 words)

	CIRCUIT2
		Although the charging profile for these cells is quite different from alkaline cells, the circuit seems to work fine provided you do not leave them in the charger forever, because of the possibility of overcharging especially for the smaller batteries.
		Pulses generated by the 555 are used to drive a dummy load and the AC voltage which develops across the battery gives an indication of its internal resistance: the lower the voltage the healthier the battery.
		The internal resistance depends on the battery temperature as well; this is the reason for the switch: hot means a battery (not ambient) temperature between 35 and 52 degrees Centigrade, normal is for a temperature between 16 and 34 degrees and cold is good for a temperature from -4 to 15.
	digilander.libero.it /bubblegate/ecircuit3.html (1842 words)

	battery myths vs battery facts - free information to help you learn the difference
		The actual or available capacity for a battery is way more important to actual useage but is also more complex to determine, because it really depends on what you are using the batteries for.
		Battery capacity ratings are meaningless when used to compare different types of batteries or to compare the capacity of batteries powering different types of devices.
		Assigning capacities to batteries can be very tricky, that's probably why you don't see capacity ratings marked on most alkaline batteries.
	www.greenbatteries.com /batterymyths.html (1150 words)

	Pure Energy Visions - Rechargeable Environmentally Friendly Batteries
		The two major environmental issues facing the battery industry today include the need to eliminate the use of toxic, heavy metals used in several batteries and the need to reduce vast accumulation of waste generated by the disposal of single-use batteries.
		Single-use batteries have been in use for over 135 years and are in ever growing demand as our modern devices become more and more portable without being connected to an electrical plug for power.
		The non-hazardous materials used in Pure Energy's Rechargeable Alkaline batteries combined with the reduction in waste associated with rechargeable batteries has resulted in Pure Energy being the only rechargeable battery in the world to be awarded the prestigious "EcoLogo" by the Canadian government.
	www.pureenergybattery.com (593 words)

	Chapter 2: Battery Chemistries
		Recharging these batteries is only effective, however, if the cells have been discharged to less than 50 percent of their total capacity.
		When the battery was discharged, then later recharged using the manufacturer’s charger, the reusable alkaline settled at 60 percent, a capacity slightly below that of a NiCd.
		The reusable alkaline is inexpensive but the cost per cycle is high when compared to the nickel-based rechargeables.
	www.buchmann.ca /chap2-page9.asp (591 words)

	What are the Key Components of an Alkaline Battery?
		In an alkaline battery, the anode, or the positive electrode of the battery, is comprised of zinc powder.
		Potassium hydroxide is used as the electrolyte in an alkaline battery, not ammonium chloride or zinc chloride — the electrolytes used commonly with zinc-carbon batteries.
		While alkaline batteries are ensconced in a casing they are still capable of leaking potassium hydroxide, which is known to cause eye and skin irritation.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-are-the-key-components-of-an-alkaline-battery.htm (426 words)

	Cool Tool: Battery Xtender
		Disposable alkaline batteries are not perceived by most people to be rechargeable, and that's how the manufacturers like it.
		Alkaline battery walls are very thin, and the heat generated by simple brute-force recharging frequently split them open with a bang.
		The newest of the new chargers claim to be able to charge Ni-Cad, NiMH, AND Alkaline in the same unit.
	www.kk.org /cooltools/archives/000709.php (147 words)

	Lew Urry, developer of the first commercially viable alkaline battery
		Urry began looking at past failed experiments with alkaline, in which electrons pass from an anode made of zinc to a cathode made of manganese di and carbon while immersed in an alkaline electrolyte.
		's he'd honed what he thought was a pretty good alkaline battery, and was ready to try and persuade the company to put the battery on the market.
		The one with Urry's battery went back and forth for so long that lab workers who cheered it on got bored and went back to their offices.
	www.corrosion-doctors.org /PrimBatt/urry.htm (752 words)

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