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Topic: Alkoxide

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	Process for the production of macrocyclic esters and lactones utilizing mixed metal catalysts - Patent 4393223
		Mixed metal compounds comprised of aluminum alkoxides or aluminum carboxylates with an alkali metal or magnesium alkoxide or carboxylate are useful catalysts for the thermal depolymerization of polyesters to produce macrocyclic compounds.
		Aluminum alkoxides useful as catalysts are derived from conventional monofunctional branched or straight-chain alcohols or alkoxyalcohols and have the formula Al--O--C.sub.m H.sub.2m)--R.sub.1 ].sub.3 where m is an integer from 1 to 22 and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkoxy or polyalkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbons.
		Especially useful alkoxides and carboxylates are those wherein m is an integer from 2 to 12 and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methoxy, ethoxy or di, tri-, or tetraethoxy, and wherein R.sub.2 is a C.sub.8-18 alkyl group, phenyl, or a substituted phenyl wherein the substituent is an alkyl, alkoxy or polyalkoxy group.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4393223.html (4861 words)

	Alkoxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An alkoxide has an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom, they are generally basic.
		Alkoxides, though generally not stable, are found as intermediaries in various reactions, including the Williamson ether synthesis reaction for forming ethers.
		Often alkoxides and sulfonates have more than one B-carbon bearing a proton for base abstraction in E2.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alkoxide (105 words)

	High pore volume alumina from dilute high injection alkoxide feed - Patent 4176171
		A typical aluminum alkoxide hydrolysis process is one wherein the water and the aluminum alkoxides are fed continuously to a reactor.
		The diluted alkoxide is then injected into the water phase of a hydrolysis reactor, or preferably is admixed with water under high velocity conditions prior to passing the resulting admixture into the hydrolysis reactor.
		The water/aluminum alkoxide admixture is then passed to the reactor, the remainder of the process being as described in the previous sections of this application and the references cited.
	freepatentsonline.com /4176171.html (1860 words)

	Ketone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		magnesium alkoxide + aqueous acid → tertiary alcohol
		ketone + metal hydride → metal alkoxide salt
		Acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are ketones (or ketone bodies) generated from carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids in humans and most vertebrates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ketone (656 words)

	NASA Tech Briefs: Lithium alkoxide electrolyte additives for lithium-ion cells
		Alkoxides of lithium have been found to be useful as electrolyte additives to improve the low-temperature performance of rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells.
		As explained below, an additive of this type exerts beneficial electrochemical effects both within the bulk of the electrolyte and on the surface of the carbon anode, such that the low-temperature electrical characteristics of the cell are improved.
		The discovery of lithium alkoxide electrolyte additives was made during continuing research directed toward extending the range of practical operating temperatures from the present lower limit of -20 degC down to -40 degC, and even lower if possible.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3957/is_200106/ai_n8983439 (616 words)

	Dry developer for electrostatic image with Al or Ti alkoxide - Patent 4409312
		Formation of this crosslinked structure is confirmed from the fact that when the copolymer (A) and metal alkoxide (B) are incorporated in the dispersion system of the binder resin, wax and pigment and melt-kneading of the composition is continued, the dynamic viscosity of the composition is increased with the lapse of time.
		The metal alkoxide that is used in the present invention is a polyfunctional metal alkoxide containing aluminum or titanium as the metal component.
		These metal alkoxides may be used in the form of an oligomer such as a dimer, or they may be used in the form of a polymer, for example, a polymer represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein p is a number of from 2 to 10.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4409312.html (3950 words)

	Electrochemical process for metal alkoxides - Patent 4250000
		Metal alkoxides, such as antimony glyoxide, are produced in the anolyte of a compartmented electrochemical cell, characterized by the seperation of the anolyte from the catholyte by an anion-exchange membrane.
		The principal object of this invention is to provide an improved process to produce metal alkoxides, electrochemically, at an anode while limiting reduction to metal at the cathode, which may contaminate the desired metal alkoxide.
		The invention is an improved electrochemical process for preparing metal alkoxides, characterized by the use of an anion-exchange membrane as an electrochemical separator, in anhydrous media.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4250000.html (4075 words)

	Method of making lithium-vanadium-oxide active material - Patent 5549880
		It should be noted that the value of z may slightly exceed 8 and be on the order of 8.1 but it is less than 9; and the value of y may exceed 3 but it is less than 4.
		Once the lithium alkoxide is formed, to the mixture is added progressive amounts of an oxide of vanadium, having the general formula V.sub.2 O.sub.5 (vanadium pentoxide).
		It is usually not necessary to use excess amounts of the alkoxide or the pentoxide to drive the reaction to completion.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5549880.html (4010 words)

	Stability of sulfadiazine oral liquids prepared from tablets and powder.
		The transesterification is a reversible reaction and its equilibrium depends on the relative concentrations and nucleophilic abilities of the alkoxide ions (11).
		The basicity of the nucleophile is a dominant factor governing the relative reactivities of ester and alkoxide ions when the electrophilic center of the substrate is carbon of the carbonyl group (i.e., a hard Lewis acid).
		Almost all of the alkoxide ions are classified as hard Lewis bases, hence tert-butoxide has a greater basicity compared with n-propoxide and ethoxide.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS7(1)/M.Gholami/procaine.htm (1588 words)

	Process for preparing an optical waveguide component from acrylate/titanium alkoxide composite material and the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the steps (a) and (d) for producing the precursor solution according to the process of the present invention, a mole ratio of the coupling agent to total moles of the acrylate monomer and the coupling agent is from 0.1 to 0.5.
		In the steps (a) and (d) for producing the precursor solution according to the process of the present invention, a mole ratio of water to titanium alkoxide is preferably from 0.5 to 1.5, and the amount of titanium alkoxide is 1 to 90% by weight based on the weight of the precursor solution.
		The precursor solution of acrylate/titanium alkoxide composite material was then spin coated on a silicon wafer at 3,000 rpm for 40 seconds and then backed at 80° C. for 1 hour and at 150° C. for 1 hour to give a optical film of acrylate/titanium alkoxide composite material.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6852358.html (2773 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0020188047
		An organometallic composition according to claim 1, wherein the complex is prepared by reacting an alkoxide or condensed alkoxide of aluminium with one or more.beta.-dicarbonyl compound.
		An organometallic composition according to claim 1, wherein the complex is prepared by reacting a halide, hydroxide or salt of iron, cobalt or aluminium with one or more.beta.-dicarbonyl compound.
		Typical alkoxides have the general formula M(OR).sub.x in which M is Al or Fe, x is the oxidation state of the metal, i.e.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=20020188047.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020188047&RS=DN/20020188047 (5085 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The hydrolyzed alkoxide is produced initially by mixing together water and silica alkoxides, e.
		This slurry then is added to a silicon alkoxide solution and the mixture is slowly stirred together, during which time the silicon alkoxide hydrolyzes and the slurry is broken down by chemical reaction.
		This high loading is achieved by introducing an aqueous colloidal suspension into a silicon alkoxide solution and the mixture is slowly stirred together, during which time the mixture hydrolyzes and the colloidal suspension is broken down by chemical reaction.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/53225.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4499 words)

	How Silica Aerogels are Made (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		However, many other alkoxides, containing various organic functional groups, can be used to impart different properties to the gel.
		The above reaction is typically performed in ethanol, with the final density of the aerogel dependent on the concentration of silicon alkoxide monomers in the solution.
		When a sol reaches the gel point, it is often assumed that the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the silicon alkoxide reactant are complete.
	fourier.mech.virginia.edu /~microhx/production.html (1613 words)

	The Sol-Gel Gateway
		Complexation of metal alkoxides by neutral ligands L is limited due to the poor stability of M(OR)
		Such reactions occur also when an alkoxide other than a silicon one is dissolved in an alcohol different from the parent alcohol ie.
		Besides substitution (eq 3a), generation of oxo ligands might occur either by non-hydrolytic condensation and elimination of an ester from an unstable carboxylatoalkoxide (eq 3b) or by hydrolysis subsequent to esterification (eq 4).
	www.solgel.com /articles/jun02/prehomor1.asp (1115 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The inorganic metal alkoxides used in this invention may include any alkoxide which contains from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkoxide group, which preferably are soluble in the liquid reaction medium.
		When the alkoxide solution is mixed with the protic solvent the alkoxide hydrolyzes and cross-links to form a gel.
		The solvent media used in the process generally should be a solvent for the inorganic alkoxide or alkoxides which are utilized and the additional metal reagents and promoters which are added in synthesis.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/52985.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3795 words)

	Sol-Gel hemsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Studies of the complex phase development during heat-treatment to form the final varistor compacts showed that the impact of solution processing, although only a few percents of the material was solution derived, was surprisingly great and in some cases proceeding through different paths of intermediate phases.
		The alkoxides are important precursors in sol-gel processing of ceramic materials, but also find uses in MOCVD and as organic catalysts.
		The long term goal is to be able to synthesise heterobimetallic alkoxides of desired structures and metal compositions for use in sol-gel processing of materials with designed local structures.
	www.fos.su.se /~gw (3663 words)

	Exp 3: Theoretical Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As both the solvent and the final product are alcohols, an excess of the reagent is used to compensate for its loss during the reaction.
		The metal alkoxide ion is then protonated, usually during the work-up procedure, to yield an alcohol.
		In this experiment, ethanol acts both as a solvent of benzophenone and a proton donor for the alkoxide, completing the formation of the alcohol.
	www.chem.ualberta.ca /~orglabs/x63web/frames/exp03/fr_exp3_insight.html (317 words)

	Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sol-gel method to obtain metal oxides is based on the property of the alkoxides of some elements, when subjected to an hydrolysis reaction, to polycondensate giving large metal-oxygen-metal lattices.
		The commercial zirconium alkoxide Zr(OC3H7)4 shows a large hydrolysis reaction velocity and it is not suitable for the sol-gel process; to overcome this difficulty it has been proposed to chelate the alkoxide by acetylacetone [4] or by alkalonammine [5].
		In the new alkoxide Zr(OC3H4OCH3)4 the inductive effect on the metal is due to the presence of the etheric group.
	www.fis.unipr.it /~giannia/zro2.html (2459 words)

	Shape-shifted magnesium alkoxide component for polymerizing olefins - Patent 5604172
		Ordinarily, an alcohol and a magnesium dialkoxide are employed wherein the alkoxide group of the alcohol and the alkoxide groups of the magnesium compound are identical.
		Thus, by the successive steps of carboxylation, addition of filler, spray drying and decarboxylation, structurally coherent and abrasion resistant particles containing dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium are produced which have a more advantageous particle size, are substantially rounder and more uniformly sized than the irregularly-shaped particles of dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium used in their preparation.
		Especially noteworthy is the disappearance of the layered, polymeric magnesium alkoxide network structure in the interior of the particles, as shown by the crisp, two-stage decomposition pattern in the TGA of the shape-shifted dihydrocarbyloxide composition, compared to the broad, ill-defined single step decomposition pattern of the original magnesium dihydrocarbyloxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5604172.html (8683 words)

	Mauritz - Inorganic-Organic Monomers
		For a mono-functional silicon alkoxide (f=1, n=3), the monomer 'terminates' the polymer chain since there is only 1 reaction site on the molecule.
		A di-functional silicon alkoxide (f=2, n=2) behaves as a 'bridging' agent, connecting molecules in a linear fashion.
		A tetra-functional silicon alkoxide (f=4, n=0) behave as a 'networking' agent, allowing for complete connectivity between all functional groups of the molecule.
	www.psrc.usm.edu /mauritz/nano2.html (635 words)

	Technical Program Paper Detail - AIChE
		As the temperature was ramped, water and unreacted alcohol desorbed at temperatures less than 600 K, independent of the alcohol, indicating deprotonation of adsorbed alcohol to form alkoxide.
		The alkene peak desorption temperature decreases from primary to tertiary alcohol (1-propanol to t-butanol), indicating that desorption is limited by the rate of C-O bond scission of the adsorbed alkoxide, and is independent of the deprotonation rate.
		The STM tip can be used to remove the alkoxide adsorbates from the surface to reveal the structure of the underlying, reactive adsorption sites.
	www.aiche.org /conferences/techprogram/paperdetail.asp?PaperID=1975&DSN=annual2k (348 words)

	Text of The Challenge of Precursor Compounds in the MOCVD of Oxides
		Metal alkoxides are readily prepared by reactions of metal or metal chlorides with appropriate alcohols.
		In solutions using parent alcohol as a solvent, double alkoxides have sufficient stability to be recrystallized or to show sharp transitions in potentiometric titrations between single alkoxides.
		Hence, these double alkoxides in their solution form are ideal precursors for the deposition of the respective multicomponent oxides using liquid precursor delivery with flash evaporators.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/9710/Xu/Xu-9710.html (2738 words)

	Nomenclature Note No.2
		Some of the metal alkoxides used in the preparation of inorganic/organic hybrid materials are tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraisopropoxytitanium(IV), tetrapropoxyzirconium(IV) and tributoxyaluminum.
		The reactive components are soluble metal alkoxides and an oligomer or polymer with an alkoxysilane functionality.
		It was especially useful for systems which were also prepared with chelated metal alkoxides (7) and various catalysts,(8) which complicated the nomenclature of the CERAMERs even more.
	www.polyacs.org /nomcl/mnn2.html (1010 words)

	Alcohols (Organic chemistry) - Wikibooks
		is the alkoxide produced and is the conjugate base of R-OH Alcohols can be converted into alkoxides by reaction with a strong base (must be stronger than OH) or reaction with metallic sodium or potassium.
		The name of the ether is based off the name of the alkoxide that substituent resembles by replacing -ide with -y.
		As stated previously, alkoxides are created by reacting an alcohol with metallic sodium or potassium.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Alcohols_(Organic_chemistry) (758 words)

	Mauritz - Sol Gel Research
		Although first discovered in the late 1800s and extensively studied since the early 1930s, a renewed interest 11-12 surfaced in the early 1970s when monolithic inorganic gels were formed at low temperatures and converted to glasses without a high temperature melting process.
		However, other alkoxides such as aluminates, titanates, and borates are also commonly used in the sol-gel process, often mixed with TEOS.
		With the presence of this homogenizing agent, alcohol, hydrolysis is facilitated 16 due to the miscibility of the alkoxide and water.
	www.psrc.usm.edu /mauritz/solgel.html (2637 words)

	Alkylation of in situ generated fluorinated alkoxides: novel synthesis of partially fluorinated ethers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The success and the efficiency of the reaction are affected by two factors: the stability and nucleophilicity of the fluorinated alkoxide generated in situ; and the other is the electrophilicity of the alkylating agents used.
		and alkylation of perfluorinated alkoxides prepared by the reaction of the corresponding perfluorinated acyl halide or perfluorinated ketone with an anhydrous metal fluoride in anhydrous polar, aprotic solvent.
		The success and yields of the reaction are affected by two factors: the stability and nucleophilicity of the fluorinated alkoxide generated in situ; and the other is the electrophilicity of alkylating agents.
	www.arkat-usa.org /ark/journal/2003/I03_Dev/SD-639C/639C.asp (4974 words)

	tio2_man
		Nanoscale titania crystals may be obtained nonhydrolytically by treating a titanium halide precursor with a titanium alkoxide.
		It is of course possible to vary the solvent, the alkyl group in the alkoxide, and the identity of the halide (F, Cl, Br, or I), though it has been found that the size of the alkyl group affects the reaction rate.
		It is therefore expected (and has been experimentally verified) that increasing the size and branching of the R group should result in a faster reaction, provided the steric bulk of the R group is not prohibitively large.
	nanonet.rice.edu /manuals/tio2.html (2832 words)

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