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Topic: Alkyl nitrites

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alkyl group

halogenation of an alkyl

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Alkyl nitrites
		Likewise pyrrolidine is a substrate for ethyl nitrite.
		Alkyl nitrites are also used in the formation of oximes with the stronger carbon acids and acid or base catalysis for example in the reaction of 2-butanone, ethyl nitrite and hydrochloric acid forming the oxime, the similar reaction with phenacyl chloride.
		or the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with methyl nitrite and sodium hydroxide.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Alkyl_nitrites (248 words)

	Nitrocompounds, Aliphatic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Alkyl nitrites are produced by the action of nitrites on alcohols in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid, and also with the mononitroparaffins by the reaction of alkyl halides and nitrites.
		Alkyl nitrites are considered toxic because of their effect on the formation of nitrite ions, which are strong oxidizing agents.
		Alkyl nitrates are highly toxic and in large doses may cause dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, weakness, convulsions and collapse.
	www.ilo.org /encyclopaedia/?doc&nd=857300059&nh=0 (1124 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Amyl nitrite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Alkyl nitrites are prepared by the reaction of alcohols with nitrous acid.
		Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator that functions as a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles.
		Amyl nitrite, along with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator that functions as a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Amyl-nitrite (2327 words)

	Alkyl nitrites - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Alkyl nitrites or Poppers are a class of inhalant recreational drugs used for the treatment of angina.
		There are a range of dangers unique to the abuse of alkyl nitrites: the induction of symptomatic methemoglobinemia raises serious questions regarding their safety in the absence of expert supervision.
		Alkyl nitrites are clinically utilized as a vasodilator in order to treat angina, and as part of the treatment regimen for cyanide poisoning.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alkyl_nitrite (737 words)

	Process for producing N,N-disubstituted p-phenylenediamine derivative sulfate - Patent 5475140
		As the alkyl nitrite used as a nitrosating agent, alkyl nitrites having preferably 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as isopropyl nitrite, n-propyl nitrite, isobutyl nitrite, n-butyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite, etc. are usually preferable, but the alkyl nitrite is not limited to them.
		These alkyl nitrites can be easily synthesized separately by a known method, for example, a method of reacting an alkali metal nitrite with an alcohol in the presence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
		Employment of an alcohol having the same alkyl group as that of the alkyl nitrite used is preferable because it is advantageous in view of the recovery of the solvent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5475140.html (2590 words)

	ALKYL NITRITES INFO AND TIPS
		Other alkyl nitrites, including butyl nitrite, isobutyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite, ethyl nitrite, methyl nitrite as well as the disputed cyclohexyl nitrite, have been widely used for 40 years as the primary ingredients in room odorizer products and as recreational drug.
		The vapours of the alkyl nitrite are inhaled directly from the bottle, inducing an almost-instant, euphoric head rush; the body's smooth muscle, such as the sphincter, is relaxed.
		Alkyl nitrites were shown to be immunosuppressive, mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals and humans.
	www.ihabits.com /Alkyl_nitrites (2459 words)

	Poppers - Rush - Amyl - Liquid Aromas
		Nitrites are reported by many women to be useful for a chief female sexual dysfunction -- distraction -- in which peripheral thoughts of unfinished business, child care, body self-consciousness and day-to-day domestic annoyances block the abandonment to sensation, vital for a full sexual experience.
		Since the labeling of butyl nitrite clearly recommends against swallowing and since no authority has recommended the usage of any volatile nitrite by either ingestion or injection, it would seem that only the most reckless disregard of available information would be likely to lead to any serious harm.
		All the alkyl nitrites act on the body in nearly identical fashion, but isobutyl nitrite is the most potent of them all.
	www.queertampa.com /poppers.html (2189 words)

	Scottish Drugs forum - Alkyl nitrites
		Alkyl nitrites are related to nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and are clear yellow volatile liquids.
		Alkyl nitrites are used mainly by members of the male gay community who inhale the volatile fumes to enhance sexual arousal and performance.
		Alkyl nitrites are excreted rapidly from the body and there do not appear to be any serious consequences of long term use in healthy adults.
	www.sdf.org.uk /sdf/sdf_display.jsp?pContentID=546&p_applic=CCC&p_service=Content.show (349 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They contain the nitrite ion NO Nitrites of the alkali and alkaline earth metals can be synthesized by reacting a mixture of nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO with the corresponding metal hydroxide solution, as well as through the thermal decomposition of the corresponding nitrate.
		Sodium nitrite is used for the "curing of meat" because it prevents bacterial growth and, in a reaction with the meat's myoglobin, gives the product a desirable dark red color.
		Nitrite is detected and analyzed by the Griess Reaction, involving the formation of a deep penetration red-color azo dye upon treatment of a NO -containing sample with sulfanilic acid and naphthyl-1-amine in the presence of acid.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=nitrite (355 words)

	Alkyl nitrites
		Alkyl nitrites or Poppers are a class of inhalant used for the treatment of angina.
		Alkyl nitrites are often used for the enhancement of sexual experience, although they do not produce any sexual stimulation.
		There are a range of dangers unique to the abuse of alkyl nitrites: the induction of symptomatic methemoglobinemia raises questions regarding their safety in the absence of expert supervision.
	www.studycrime.com /Schedule-VI-Controlled-Substances/Alkyl_nitrites.php (781 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the laboratory, solutions of alkyl nitrites in glacial acetic acid are sometimes used as mild nitrating agents.
		Likewise pyrrolidine is a substrate for ethyl nitrite
		Alkyl nitrites are also used in the formation of oximes with the stronger carbon acids and acid or base catalysis for example in the reaction of 2-butanone, ethyl nitrite and hydrochloric acid forming the oxime
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=alkyl_nitrites (216 words)

	Process for the preparation of dialkyl carbonates - Patent 5235087
		The reaction of an alkyl nitrite with carbon monoxide in the gas phase over a supported platinum metal catalyst is disclosed in JP 60-181, 051 (1985) (C.A. 104 (1986, 110 355 t)), the reaction being carried out in the presence of 10 mol %, relative to CO, of an oxidizing agent, for example oxygen.
		Furthermore, it is disclosed in EP 57,629 that an alkyl nitrite, which is prepared in situ from the appropriate alcohol and an oxide of nitrogen, is reacted with CO in a gas phase process in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst to give a dialkyl oxalate.
		The preparation of the alkyl nitrites to be employed in accordance with the invention is carried out by known processes, for example from the appropriate alcohol and nitrous acid, which is formed in situ from an alkali metal nitrite and a mineral acid (for example sulphuric acid).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5235087.html (2073 words)

	NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
		Alkyl nitrites can be purchased as room odorizers sold under trade names such as "Rush." These compounds are of forensic science interest because of their potential for abuse.
		The nitrites are administered by inhalation and cause a "rush" due to vasodilation of the blood vessels in the brain.
		In an attempt to improve on previous methods for the identification of alkyl nitrites, this study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of identifying nitrites by GC/IR.
	www.ncjrs.gov /app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=139775 (376 words)

	Suchmaschine
		Amyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite which acts as a vasodilator, expanding blood vessels and thus lowering blood pressure.
		Amyl nitrite is often confused with amyl nitrate, a substance with a different chemical composition and different properties.
		Amyl nitrite is also used as a recreational inhalant drug for the brief euphoric rush that the drug produces.
	www.dmoz.ch /lexikon.cgi?sprache=en&q=Amyl_nitrite (462 words)

	Analysis of Alkyl Nitrites by Gas Chromatography-Infrared Spectroscopy
		Street samples, or purposely “aged” nitrites, showed mixtures of readily separated components consisting of alkyl nitrites and nitrous oxide.
		Gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/IR) was used to analyze a series of alkyl nitrites (butyl and pentyl) as well as some typical “street products” containing alkyl nitrites.
		The vapor phase IR spectra of the nitrites exhibited strong absorbances near 1665 and 1620 cm
	www.astm.org /DIGITAL_LIBRARY/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/2142.htm (200 words)

	Nitrite Summary
		Furthermore, some scientists believe that nitrates and nitrites may themselves be carcinogens or may be converted in the body to a class of compounds known as the nitrosamines, compounds that are known to be carcinogens.
		They contain the nitrite ion NO Nitrites of the alkali and alkaline earth metals can be synthesized by reacting a mixture of nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO with the corresponding metal hydroxide solution, as well as through the thermal decomposition of the corresponding nitrate.
		Sodium nitrite is used for the curing of meat because it prevents bacterial growth and, in a reaction with the meat's myoglobin, gives the product a desirable dark red color.
	www.bookrags.com /Nitrite (1381 words)

	Alkyl nitrites - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The reaction process for Alkyl Nitrites is as follows:
		Since pressure in the eye is increased, it is possible that individuals with glaucoma should not use alkyl nitrites.
		According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, use of these drugs is associated with unsafe sexual practices that greatly increase the risk of contracting and spreading infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Alkyl_nitrites (737 words)

	NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
		Alkyl nitrites, especially isobutyl nitrite, are common recreational chemicals of abuse among young people.
		The major physiological danger of alkyl nitrites, however, is methemoglobinemia due to the oxidation of hemoglobin by the nitrite ion.
		The whole group of commonly used alkyl nitrites was synthesized, and composition was checked immediately after the synthesis and after controlled degradation.
	www.ncjrs.gov /app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=181247 (343 words)

	Alkyl nitrites: Encyclopedia - Alkyl nitrites
		Alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds with the general formula R-O-N=O, where R is any organic group.
		The vapours of the alkyl nitrite are inhaled dir...
		Alkyl nitrites are clinically utilized as a vasodilator in order to treat angina, and as part of the treatment regimen for cyanide poisoning.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Alkyl_nitrites/id/1908448 (1536 words)

	ARKAT USA, Inc.
		Furthermore, the alkyl nitrites are important in the control of blood pressure owing to their well-known properties as vasodilators.
		Probably, the main effect of b-CD on the acid–base reaction between alkyl nitrite and boric acid is the separation of the reagents.
		The kinetic data we have collected, for both the hydroxy concentration range and mainly as a consequence of the peculiar effect of the boric acid on hydrolysis of alkyl nitrite, are not directly comparable with those reported in the literature.
	www.arkat-usa.org /?VIEW=MANUSCRIPT&MSID=564 (2454 words)

	alkyl - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		An alkyl is a univalent (or free) radical containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in a chain.
		The alkyls form a homologous series with the general formula C n H 2n+1
		Alkyl nitrites are chemical compounds of structure R-ONO.
	encarta.msn.com /alkyl.html (113 words)

	Perkin Transaction 2 Articles
		Acid-catalysed hydrolysis of alkyl nitrites is inhibited by the presence of
		We propose that the result is a consequence of the orientation of the alkyl nitrite in the cavity of CD.
		This behaviour is consistent with a higher reactivity towards alkyl nitrites of an ionized CD hydroxy group as compared with the OH ; the contrary occurs in the case of esters, whose cleavage by cyclodextrins in basic aqueous media has been studied extensively over the last several years.
	www.rsc.org /Publishing/Journals/P2/article.asp?doi=a707647i (224 words)

	'Buzz' in the ear.(Otoscopic Clinic) - Encyclopedia.com
		She brought the 10-ml bottle that had contained the liquid; the trade name was "Buzz." The bottle contained an alkyl nitrite, a sphincter relaxant that is sometimes used as an aphrodisiac.
		As an aphrodisiac, alkyl nitrites are particularly popular among the homosexual community.
		(2) Dunkel et al reported in 1989 that alkyl nitrites have been demonstrated to be mutagenic in bacteria and that male homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma were also heavy users of nitrites.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-114005015.html (366 words)

	Nitrite Inhalants: History, Epidemiology, and Possible Links to AIDS
		However, nitrite inhalant use is associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and it remains a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
		Nitrite inhalants are used more commonly by gay men than others (6); use has been declining since AIDS was first reported (30) and has roughly paralleled the pattern of reported KS cases, and use among whites is greater than among fls, as is the incidence of KS (22).
		Nitrite inhalants are associated with behavioral relapse and HIV transmission among gay men, with decreased lymphocyte counts and natural killer cell activity in a few laboratory studies, and they remain a candidate cofactor in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related KS.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1994/102-10/haverkos-full.html (4484 words)

	About Roomodorizers
		Amyl nitrite was used for decades to treat angina pectoris, a heart disease, though all the alkyl nitrites would act nearly the same on the disease.
		Sold in small glass bottles, the nitrites are often misused as inhalants by the consumer, who removes the cap and places the bottle to his/her nose and inhales the vapors.
		The difference in strength between nitrites general are not that much, but beware of housebrands or own mixings and watch out for copies which won't work and might harm you.
	www.dupos.com /shop/poppersinfo.asp?uid=00HPT8N1PNV38KPCJ29VMS2P8E500439 (1088 words)

	Duesberg on AIDS- AIDS- Words From The Front
		From their first field interviews, the KSOI members suspected that nitrites were involved in this strange new syndrome, since many of the men in the initial cases had frequently used poppers.
		The third reason Haverkos suspects a nitrite connection to KS is that the disease is caused by an abnormal growth of blood vessels, and nitrite act on blood vessels.
		Butyl nitrites were officially banned in the U.S. In 1988, but manufacturers responded by selling chemical variants as room odorizers marketed under such names as "Rush" and "Locker Room." Finally, in the 1990 Omnibus Crime Act, Congress outlawed the manufacture and sale of all alkyl nitrites.
	www.duesberg.com /articles/tbpoppers.html (2073 words)

	A-Z_Poppers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Name It Poppers is a term used for the group of chemicals know as alkyl nitrites.
		Alkyl nitrites include: amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite.
		Talking alkyl nitrites is very dangerous fro people with anaemia, glaucoma, and breathing or heart problems.
	www.freetheway.com /A-Z_Poppers.htm (179 words)

	Toxicology of Methyl Nitrite and Related Compounds
		Methyl nitrite (MN) is one of a class of compounds called alkyl nitrites, with the generalized formula R-O-N-O. MN is the simplest and lightest compound in this class.
		Higher members of the alkyl nitrite family, including butyl and amyl nitrite, are available and have been widely abused for their neurological effects.
		Furthermore, even if inorganic nitrite is eventually shown not to be carcinogenic, the experiments of Tornqvist et al (16) clearly show that the mutagenicity of MN is independent of its conversion to inorganic nitrite, or, as they put it, "the mutagenicity of methyl nitrite is now clear".
	www.garynull.com /documents/mtbe/Toxicology.htm (1352 words)

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