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Topic: All Ceylon Tamil Congress

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	Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Kongreso ng Pilipinas) is the legislative branch of the Philippine government.
		The Congress of the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Congreso de la República) is the unicameral legislature of Peru.
		The All Ceylon Tamil Congress of Sri Lanka
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Congress (419 words)

	All Ceylon Tamil Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All Ceylon Tamil Congress (in Tamil: அகில இலங்கைத் தமிழ்க் காங்கிரஸ்), is the oldest Tamil political party in Sri Lanka.
		Due to the cooperation of the ACTC with the United National Party a group led by S.J.V. Chelvanayakam broke away in 1949, forming the Federal Party (FP).
		The ACTC was largely discredited when their ally the UNP moved away from bilingual and bicommunal policies towards a pro-Sinhala stance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/All_Ceylon_Tamil_Congress (185 words)

	Self Determination - Manifesto of Tamil United Liberation Front 1977
		Though Ceylon is a single state now, yet by facts of history, by the languages spoken by its inhabitants, by culture, tradition and by psychology, it is the common home of two nations and consists of two countries.
		Tamils and Muslims who are unable to establish that for two generations before 1948 they were born here are teeing shut out from business, travel, trade, employment opportunities etc. The first fruits of freedom to the Tamil Nation was disfranchisement, statelessness, status of illicit immigrant and a position of doubted citizens.
		Tamil shall be the official language of the State of Tamil Eelam while the Sinhalese living in the State will be provided the right to be educated in their own tongue and to transact their business with the state in their own language.
	www.tamilnation.org /selfdetermination/tamileelam/7707tulfmanifesto.htm (6260 words)

	Asia Times: Chapter 14: Post-colonial realignment of political forces
		The All Ceylon Tamil Congress meeting was held at the Jaffna Town Hall on June 20, 1948, with delegates from all the electorates in the Northern and Eastern provinces attending.
		Ceylon has become aware, through a communique issued by the officer administering the government, that you had expressed a desire, before your departure on leave, to return to the island in the event of the office of the prime minister falling vacant in your absence.
		The Ceylon Indian Congress, which won seven seats in the first Parliament, was unable to have a single seat because the Tamils of the Indian origin had been made stateless and were deprived of their franchise.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/CK10Df03.html (7181 words)

	Asia Times: THE UNTOLD STORY
		It was a "battle royal" where the two Tamil leaders, G G Ponnampalam, the leader of the Tamil Congress and Sir Arunachalam Mahadeva, the Minister of Home Affairs in the previous Government and one of the vice presidents of the United National Party, were pitched against each other.
		Those Tamils of the Indian origin showed allegiance to the British Crown throughout, and it was intriguing why their issue was not taken up when entering into the other three agreements, or after, with the Ceylon Government, prior to the granting of independence.
		On January 16, 1947, Chelvanayakam moved an amendment in parliament that the official national flags of Ceylon should be the Lion flag of the Sinhalese, the Nandi (Bull) flag of the Tamils and the Crescent and Star flag of the Muslims.
	www.atimes.com /ind-pak/CJ27Df05.html (8706 words)

	Lankalibrary.com: SRI LANKA - POST COLONIAL HISTORY
		The Federal Party had a distinct advantage because the Tamil Congress had suffered considerably from the stigma of its association with the UNP (which had abandoned its policy of making both Sinhala and Tamil national languages in an attempt to obtain the support of the numerically greater Sinhalese vote).
		A Tamil separatist underground (which had split into six or more rival and sometimes violently hostile groups that were divided by ideology, caste, and personal antagonisms) was filling the vacuum left by the weakened TULF and was gaining the allegiance of an increasing number of disenchanted Tamil youths.
		Tamil was to be used in a number of administrative and educational circumstances.
	www.lankalibrary.com /geo/postcolonial_history.htm (5815 words)

	p1
		Suntheralingam, The All-Ceylon Tamil Congress, The Jaffna Association, The Ceylon Thamils Association, The Ceylon Indian Congress and The All-Ceylon Minority Tamil Maha Sabha.
		This Tamil nation was described as "possessing the Northern and Eastern districts." If a Tamil nation possessing the Northern and Eastern Districts had in fact been in existence from the dawn of history, the Tamil politicians and parties of 1944 would naturally have been aware of their primeval homeland.
		The All-Ceylon Tamil Congress proposed a scheme of "balanced representation" under which a) 50% of parliamentary seats would be allocated to the minorities, and 50% to all races; and b) less than half the members of the Council of Ministers (the Executive) should be appointed from any one community.
	www.lankaweb.com /news/items/101098-1.html (824 words)

	EelamWeb© - History of Tamil Eelam
		In 1948 the parliament legislated that the sword wielding Lion shall be the national flag of Ceylon.
		The Hill country Tamils who were able to elect 8 members to the Parliament in 1947 failed to elect even a single member at the elections held in 1952.
		The Tamil United Liberation front won 18 seats on a mandate for the establishment of an Independent, Sovereign, Secular, Socialist state of Tamil Eelam, to become the official opposition party.
	www.eelamweb.com /history/te (3165 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Four prime Tamil political parties have come forward to form an alliance to contest the forthcoming general election in the North and the East.
		The senior Vice President of the TULF and the Jaffna district Parliamentarian, V. Anandasangari, told the 'Sunday Observer' that it was a positive sign for a stronger stand to highlight the political aspirations of the North and the East.
		Meanwhile, the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC) Parliamentarian V. Vinayagamoorthy, said the four-Tamil party coalition has been formed to fulfil the aspirations of the Tamil people in the North and the East."The Tamil people want all the political parties in the North and the East to function under one umbrella.
	www.sundayobserver.lk /2001/10/14/new01.html (328 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Critical remarks by leaders of the four-party Tamil alliance may hint at a divergence between this new bloc and the UNP which could dilute the UNP's assurance of minority party support in a hung Parliament after the elections, political sources say.
		Tamil party leaders are, instead, casting doubt on the promises being made by the UNP concerning the ethnic problem.
		Nalliah Kumarakurubaran, Secretary General of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), a constituent unit of the four-party alliance, told the 'Sunday Observer' that the UNP had not given them an assurance about the withdrawal of the government security forces from Jaffna.
	origin.sundayobserver.lk /2001/11/04/new01.html (503 words)

	Appreciation G
		All Ceylon Tamil Congress is the oldest Tamil Party in Sri Lanka and it has three Representatives in Parliament now including the Hon’ble Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam, Grandson of Late Mr.
		The All Ceylon Tamil Congress fought the 1947 General Election before Ceylon got its independence and it made it clear in the Election Manifesto that it would extend responsive co-operation to whichever Government that may be formed after General Election which would support the fundamental policies of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress.
		The All Ceylon Tamil Congress fought the 1947 General Election before Ceylon got its independence and it made it clear in the Election Manifesto that it would extend responsive co- operation to whichever Government that may be formed after General Election which would support the fundamental policies of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress.
	www.rootsweb.com /~lkawgw/ggp.html (2618 words)

	A Piece of Advice to the "Tamil Parilamentarians"
		In the context of the no-win situation which has confronted all Tamil Parties which have sought to play the game according to the rules, my personal view is that the Tamil Parties should turn their backs on the Government, or for that matter any government.
		In the case of the Tamil people in the Tamil homeland the polarity between them and the Tamil parties has grown too distant, and needs to be bridged as a matter of urgency at all costs.
		The Tamils should establish the Tamil homeland on the ground and as the Irish did successfully with the boycott, dispense with the Sri Lanka (Sinhala) Government and all its works both in the flesh and the spirit.
	www.sangam.org /ANALYSIS/Naganathan1.htm (1710 words)

	Opinion
		The late Kumar Ponnambalam was the Secretary of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress and kept the flag of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress flying.
		When the Tamils were orphaned and there was no correct and proper leadership, he was almost filling the void when he was mercilessly shot dead.
		He became the only spokesman for the Tamils and often he went abroad at the request of the Tamils who left Sri Lanka and are living abroad and addressed several meetings espousing the cause of the Tamils and he was regarded by all the Tamils abroad particularly in the Western Countries as their respected Leader.
	www.rootsweb.com /~lkawgw/kponna.htm (862 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Sri Lanka / Appendix B
		It was founded in 1937 to represent the interest of Sinhala-language speakers in the Ceylon National Congress and to mobilize popular support for the liberation of the country from foreign rule.
		Competitor of the more conciliatory Tamil Congress, also known as the All Ceylon Tamil Congress, the party desired a federal system of government and the right to political autonomy--an independent Tamil state.
		Tamil separatist underground of rival and sometimes violently hostile groups based in the Northern and Eastern provinces and known collectively as Tamil Tigers.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/sri_lanka/lk_appnb.html (826 words)

	OneWorld U.S. Home / Today's News - Secession Demand Resurfaces as Lanka Standoff Continues
		The ACTC's call comes as a surprise because the LTTE, which has been fighting since 1983 for an independent Eelam state in the north and east, itself is now not considering secession.
		The first Tamil politician to propagate secession in a major way after independence in 1948 was C. Sundarampillai, a professor of mathematics, who later became a minister in free Sri Lanka's first Cabinet.
		Several Tamil parties such as the ACTC and later, the TULF, brought forward this concept of external self-determination.
	us.oneworld.net /article/view/76348/1 (827 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Tamil National Question was thrust irrevocably into the national politics of Sri Lanka when the Tamil United Liberation Front contesting on the basis of obtaining a mandate for a separate Tamil state became the main opposition party and its leader Mr.
		At the opposite pole to the Tamil National Alliance is the EPDP which was as committed as any other party to Tamil self-determination in the heyday of the Tamil armed struggle.
		Originally founded by Uma Mahaswaran, in a sense the father of the Tamil armed movement, PLOTE was the party which was the first to stand for the unity of the North and the South in the struggle for socialism.
	origin.dailynews.lk /2001/11/29/pol11.html (500 words)

	Soulbury Commission Found Sri Lankan Tamil Claims of Discrimination Baseless
		It was severely criticised on the ground that the Tamils and Muslims formed a considerable section of the population of Anuradhapura (about 10,000 in all) and either owned or occupied the greater portion of the land affected by the measure...".
		The minorities of Ceylon are no exception, and we have been furnished by the All-Ceylon Tamil Congress with data purporting to demonstrate the preference shown by the Government of Ceylon towards the Sinhalese community in the allocation of public revenue and works".
		The Tamil witnesses maintained that in order to improve the chances of Sinhalese candidates, various small changes in examination syllabuses and conditions of entry have been made as a result of the intervention of Sinhalese Ministers, who have also endeavoured in various ways to use their influence, e.g.
	members.aol.com /mahnel/lbima20.htm (2875 words)

	CHELVANAYAKAM AND HIS TAMIL NATION
		Chelvanayakam at a reception for ACTC MP's in Thirikunamalaya had said, "the present situation was such that the Tamils would have to decide whether they should demand a federal government"(Pg.25).
		Chelvanayakam, unlike his Tamil adversaries in the UNP, believed in his cause that a united Tamil nation could be built from among the different Tamil -speaking groups in the island.
		Within twenty years he had built this mythical Tamil nation in Sri Lanka and after the formation of the TULF and the adoption of the Vadukkoda (Vadugoda) resolution the Tamil racists have always referred to a non-existing Tamil nation, in their documents.
	www.infolanka.com /org/kalaya/fea018.htm (1643 words)

	LankaWeb News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Tamil Tiger website said, "A well known clandestine movement among the Tamil community in Sri Lanka is the Ellalan Force which operate in the region to aid the Tamils fight against tyranny.
		According to the Tamil Net and EelamNation the ACTC was willing to contest the election under the same banner everywhere in Sri Lanka but not in Jaffna, considered to be their stronghold.
		The stern warning to the voters indicated, for those Tamil voters living in areas under their control, the forthcoming polls won't be a free election at all.
	www.lankaweb.com /news/items01/161001-1.html (623 words)

	Congress - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose.
		Congress is the name of the main legislative body in a state that operates under a congressional system of government.
		A congress is different from a parliament (Westminster System of Government) in that legislative initiative is vested into it.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Congress (313 words)

	Sangam.org - Ilankai Tamil Sangam, USA, Inc.
		Tamil leaders who staged a peaceful protest (satyagraha) outside the Parliament were insulted, kicked and dragged to the Beira Lake, by an unruly Sinhalese mob organized by the SLFP government.
		Tamils stage a massive civil disobedience campaign, paralysing the civil administration in the North.
		Tamils thus overwhelmingly endorse the representation of the LTTE and the ISGA proposals
	www.sangam.org /articles/view2/?uid=921 (2914 words)

	One Hundred Tamils - G.G.Ponnamblam Q.C.
		His Tamil Congress Party swept the polls at the 1947 General Elections to the First Parliament.
		All Ceylon Tamil Congress is the oldest Tamil Party in Sri Lanka and it has three Representatives in Parliament now including the Honourable Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam, Grandson of late Mr.
		The entire Tamil Community is really indebted to late G.G. Ponnambalam for the part he played in politics for nearly half a century.
	www.tamilnation.org /hundredtamils/ggponnambalam.htm (3121 words)

	Leading Tamil politician assassinated in Sri Lankan capital
		A prominent Tamil leader, Kumar Ponnambalam, was shot dead in broad daylight in the Sri Lankan capital of Colombo on Wednesday.
		Ponnambalam, secretary of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress, was shot in the head at a point blank range while driving his car in a small lane at Wellawatte, a predominantly Tamil area in Colombo.
		You do not realise that there are thousands of widows in Tamil Eelam to whom certain nights have gone down in their own lives as nights that have been touched by the hand of darkness caused by your machinations as commander-in-chief of the armed forces.”
	www.wsws.org /articles/2000/jan2000/kill-j07_prn.shtml (905 words)

	The Hindu : Tamil parties realign for polls in Sri Lanka
		Sri Lanka's Tamil parties are repositioning themselves ahead of the December 5 general election in order to prevent a repeat of last year's election when the minority vote got fragmented between a dozen or so contestants in all the districts of the north-east.
		Earlier this week, four Tamil parties - the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), the Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation (TELO), the All-Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC) and a break-away group of the Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF) - formed an alliance to contest the elections under one symbol.
		The parties representing the Indian Tamil tea plantation workers too are realigning themselves after the walk- out from the Government by the Ceylon Workers' Congress (CWC) last week.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/2001/10/20/stories/03200008.htm (412 words)

	PONNAMBALAM EXPOSED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kumar Ponnambalam, the general secretary of the All Ceylon Tamil Congress, appearing on the 'Rathu Ira' programme of the Swarnawahini Television on Tuesday the 17th said that he did not want to go to Yapanaya as he did not intend to obtain a license from the enemy Sinhala government to go hone.
		Of course he did not admit that he like most of the other so-called Tamil leaders are not in a position to step on the Yapanaya soil for the fear of their lives.
		His only argument in favour of the Tamil homeland theory was that during the troubles in 1956, 1977, 1983 etc.,the Tamils were sent to the eastern and the northern provinces by the respective governments.
	www.infolanka.com /org/kalaya/new085.htm (221 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Indicating the line the Tamil political parties should adopt at the forthcoming General elections in December, a front organization of the Tamil Tigers said the Tamil United Liberation Front, the All Ceylon Tamil Congress and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organisation should forge an alliance and fight the elections as a united front.
		A Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam front organization in Toronto, Canada in a press statement issued on October 12 said Tamil parties that support the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam should forge this alliance to prevent its arch enemy, the Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP) from entering Parliament.
		Pointing out that Tamils lost Trincomalee at the last General elections due to vote splitting among several Tamil candidates, the statement expressed confidence that the electoral accord should prevent a repeat performance this time.
	origin.dailynews.lk /2001/10/15/new02.html (241 words)

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