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	Amazon.com: "Allan Maxam": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Working in the Harvard laboratory of Fotis Kafatos, and collaborating with Tom Maniatis and Allan Maxam (the latter of Walter Gilbert's lab), Efstratiadis had devised a way to make a genetic copy of a mammalian gene.
		In the middle seventies, Allan Maxam and I developed the rapid chemical DNA sequencing.
		In the 1970s Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert in the United States and Frederick Sanger in England reported practical techniques for determination of the sequence...
	amazon.com /phrase/Allan-Maxam (427 words)

	Maxam - " Commitment, Consistency are Key to Financial Success" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Discover the Maxam family history and coat of arms for the Maxam Origin.
		In July 2000, Maxam was convicted of two counts of filing false harassment charges and sentenced to nine months in jail, according to court documents.
		June Maxam, a longtime newspaper publisher and the director of a government Earlier this year, Maxam served six months in Warren County jail for falsely
	netlinklist.com /?q=maxam (460 words)

	MaxamGilbert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gilbert wrote paper describing mRNA, the molecule that is read by ribosomes and code for proteins, in 1961
		Began working with Maxam on the sequencing of proteins and prelabeling of amino acids
		Created Maxam-Gilbert technique for nucleotide sequencing - Cut DNA into small fragments using chemicals that cut randomly after As, Gs, Ts, or Cs, run the fragments out in four lanes on a slab gel using electrophoresis, read sequence from bottom to top
	www2.carthage.edu /~pfaffle/hgp/MaxamGilbert.html (137 words)

	1977 - Walter Gilbert & Frederick Sanger
		But inability to easily read off the precise nucleotide sequences of DNA forestalled further advances in molecular genetics and all prospects of genetic engineering.
		Walter Gilbert (with graduate student Allan M. Maxam) and Frederick Sanger, in 1977, working separately in the United States and England, developed new techniques for rapid DNA sequencing.
		Sanger and Gilbert each took advantage of recently discovered enzymes and both methods benefited from improvements in gel electrophoresis, a method used for imaging the order of nucleotides.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /news/gnn/timeline/1977.html (428 words)

	DNA sequencing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similarly, research into pathogens may lead to treatments for contagious diseases.
		In 1976-7, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert developed a method of DNA sequencing based on chemical modification of DNA followed by its subsequent cleavage [2].
		This method supplemented earlier RNA sequencing approaches and was initially popular since purified DNA could be used directly, while alternative methods (below) required that each DNA to be read be cloned first production of single-stranded DNA.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genome_sequencing (1736 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Harvard Scientists Are First To Reproduce Gene Artificially
		Allan Maxam, research assistant in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, joined them last April.
		The gene synthesized was equivalent to the gene in rabbits that produces hemoglobin, Kafatos said.
		Maxam said yesterday that as a side effect of the experiment, techniques involving the splitting of DNA and the handling of the resulting fragments had been refined and improved, benefitting future experimenters.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=274065 (491 words)

	BookRags: Walter Gilbert Biography
		He labeled the segments with radionucleotides, cut them with restriction enzymes, which break DNA at known locations, and separated the fragments by electrophoresis.
		Gilbert and Allan Maxam developed a similar method for the other two DNA bases, thymine and cytosine, using the chemical hydrazine.
		After identifying the base sequences in the fragments, Gilbert was able to reconstruct entire DNA strand sequences thus "reading the letters" in which genetic instructions were coded.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/walter-gilbert-wsd (490 words)

	JGI - Historical Timeline - 1966-1978
		Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer "cut and paste" DNA from a frog into an E. coli cell where it is reproduced, marking the dawn of genetic engineering.
		Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert of Harvard University develop the method of DNA sequencing bearing their name.
		The Maxam-Gilbert method uses phosphorus labeling and four separate chemical reactions to determine the sequence of DNA nucleotides.
	www.jgi.doe.gov /education/timeline_3.html (374 words)

	BookRags: Walter Gilbert Biography
		Working with graduate student Allan Maxam, he began to sequence parts of the DNA strand.
		It was known that the molecules could be "broken" at specific chemical junctures by using certain chemical substances, and a colleague introduced Gilbert and Maxam to a procedure that broke DNA molecules into fragments that were easier to describe.
		They used a technique known as gel electrophoresis, in which an electric current causes the fragments to pass through a gel substance.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/walter-gilbert-wap (1719 words)

	FORMAT FOR MATERIALS
		In 1975, the art of DNA sequencing advanced explosively when new techniques were developed that made the task astonishingly simple.
		Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert designed this technique.
		The strands are separated, and one specific strand of the DNA is kept for analysis.
	www.icsd.k12.ny.us /highschool/cloomis/13.2_DNS_seq.htm (1089 words)

	University of the Incarnate Word - Genetics
		We must be able to analyze each nucleotide in order to determine the genetic code.
		Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert pioneered a powerful method of genetic code analysis--dideoxy DNA sequencing.
		Today, automated laser sequencers are used for large scale analysis of DNA.
	www.uiw.edu /genetics/prc.htm (2491 words)

	Microfabrication Glossary
		Therefore, the development of a simple, inexpensive and sensitive direct detection system which eliminates the use of labels is highly desirable.
		There are two main classical methods for sequencing DNA: The first method, developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, involves chemicals used to cleave the DNA at certain positions, generating a set of fragments that differ by one nucleotide.
		The second method, developed by Fred Sanger and Alan Coulson, involves enzymatic synthesis of DNA strands that terminate in a modified nucleotide.
	www.memsnet.org /glossary (7943 words)

	The Human Genome Project
		Meanwhile, scientists learned to sequence the genes they isolated.
		This became possible in the mid-1970s, when Frederick Sanger at Cambridge University and Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam at Harvard University developed efficient new methods for determining the order of the four bases, A, T, G, and C, in a strand of DNA.
		Automated high-speed sequencing by machine followed in the 1980s.
	www.hhmi.org /genetictrail/c100.html (749 words)

	1977 - Present: The Dawn of Biotech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Bill Rutter and Howard Goodman isolated the gene for rat insulin.
		Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam at Harvard University devised a method for sequencing DNA using chemicals rather than enzymes.
		Genentech, Inc. and The City of Hope National Medical Center announced the successful laboratory production of human insulin using recombinant DNA technology.
	srhs.sandi.net /departments/science/BiotechBook/BC/time_line/1977-Present.html (1538 words)

	A New Method for Sequencing DNA -- Maxam and Gilbert 74 (2): 560 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		A New Method for Sequencing DNA -- Maxam and Gilbert 74 (2): 560 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		Articles by Maxam, A. Articles by Gilbert, W. Articles citing this Article
		Articles by Maxam, A. Articles by Gilbert, W. Previous Article
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/74/2/560 (2145 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: What a New Gene Can Mean
		The answer, quite naturally, lies somewhere in between.
		In synthesizing the gene that makes hemoglobin in rabbits, Thomas Maniatis, assistant professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fotis Kafatos, professor of Biology; Argiris Efstraiadis, doctor candidate in Biology; and Allan Maxam, research assistant in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology have carried science closer to being able to understand how genes express themselves in higher organisms.
		On the other hand, the research by the Harvard team basically adds to reseaach done by a number of other teams at the National Institute of Health and several universities.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=156368 (471 words)

	Long View [ Biotechnology Milestones, 08000BC - 02022 ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Genentich goes public on Oct. 14, 1980, offering one million shares of stock for $35 a share - and makes $35 million in an afternoon.
		Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam of Harvard University and Fred Sanger of Cambridge University simultaneously come up with two techniques for determining the exact sequence of bases that make up a gene.
		Gilbert and Sanger share the 1980 Nobel Prize (also with Paul Berg).
	redpuma.net /longview/tree/biotech-html/timeline.html (1446 words)

	Biochemistry history
		Cesar Milstein discovers how to produce monoclonal antibodies.
		Allan Maxam and Walter gibert develop a chemistry for sequencing DNA.
		Fredrick Sanger, S. Nicklen and A.R. Coulson develop a chemistry for sequencing DNA.
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C10/C10Links/mills.edu/RESEARCH/FUTURES/JOHNB/biohistory.html (373 words)

	Time line of important events happened in the molecular biology and bioinformatics
		Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer first successfully transfered DNA from one life form into another: a spliced viral DNA and bacterial DNA to create a plasmid with dual antibiotic resistance
		Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert (Harvard) and Frederick Sanger (U.K. Medical Research Council) independently developed different methods for sequencing DNA
		Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein fused antibody-producing B lymphocyte cells with tumor cells that are "immortal" to produce the first monoclonal antibodies
	www.bioinformatics.nl /webportal/background/timeline.html (1122 words)

	The physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids
		The net effect of this reaction is to transfer a phosphate from one nucleotide to the adjacent nucleotide in the chain.
		Methods for cleaving DNA in sequence specific manner were developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert and used in their technique for sequencing DNA.
		There are many enzymes that cleave RNA - ribonucleases.
	www.mun.ca /biochem/courses/3107/Lectures/Topics/DNA_properties.html (1307 words)

	Science -- Pesetsky et al. 276 (5316): 1177a
		These abilities have been recruited for language, but they continue to do nonlinguistic work (that is, they have kept their "day jobs").
		Jenkins and Maxam suggest that we have misinterpreted Chomsky, who rejects learning only in a "technical" sense.
		But Chomsky has been quite consistent on this issue (
	crl.ucsd.edu /~elman/Papers/learning_rediscovered_responses.htm (2589 words)

	2
		With the availability of cloned DNA fragments, it became possible to sequence the cloned DNA by rapid methods
		Two sequencing methods have been developed; Fred Sanger invented the enzymatic method in 1975 and Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert invented the chemical method in 1977
		By using the enzymatic rapid DNA sequencing method, the genome of the bacteriophage phi X174 (5386 base pairs) was completely sequenced in 1977
	lifesci.rutgers.edu /~fong/2.htm (6283 words)

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