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	Allan Sandage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Allan Rex Sandage (Born June 18, 1926) is an American astronomer.
		Sandage began working at the Mount Palomar observatory.
		Sandage was born of Jewish background, but at age 60 became a Christian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Allan_Sandage (356 words)

	Carnegie Observatories Research: Allan Sandage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A Staff Member since 1952, Allan Sandage has received numerous awards, including the Peter Gruber Cosmology Prize, the Tomalla Prize from the Swiss Physical Society, the Crafoord Prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences, and gold medals from the Royal Astronomical Society, the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
		Sandage, A. Bias properties of extragalactic distance indicators VIII: H0 From distance-limited luminosity class and morphological type-specific luminosity functions for Sb, Sbc, and Sc galaxies calibrated using Cepheids, Astrophys.
		Sandage, A. The redshift-distance relation VIII: magnitudes and redshifts of southern galaxies in groups: a further mapping of the local velocity field and an estimate of the deceleration parameter, Astrophys.
	www.ociw.edu /research/sandage.html (607 words)

	Allan R. Sandage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Allan R. Sandage, Staff Astronomer Emeritus, The Observatories (Pasadena, CA) Carnegie Institution of Washington, has for half a century been a leader in our observational quest to understand the stars, galaxies and the universe.
		Allan R. Sandage has defined the fields of observational cosmology and extragalactic astronomy for most of the last forty years.
		Sandage was the first to recognize the existence of quasars without strong radio emission, leading the way to the discovery of some of the most distant objects in the universe.
	www.petergruberfoundation.org /sandage.htm (745 words)

	Allan Sandage Bibliography
		Sandage, Allan, “Episodes in the Discovery of Variations in the Chemical Composition of Stars and Galaxies,”; PASP 112, 293 (2000) [Millennium Essay].
		Sandage, Allan, “The Population Concept, Globular Clusters, Subdwarfs, Ages, and the Collapse of the Galaxy,”; Ann.
		Sandage, Allan, “Observational Cosmology 1920-1985: An Introduction to the Conference” in Adelaide Hewitt, Geoffrey Burbidge, and Li Zhi Fang, eds., Observational Cosmology; Proceedings of the 124th Symposium, of the IAU, held in Beijing, China, Aug. 25-30, 1986, (D. Reidel., Dordrecht, 1987), 1-27.
	www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu /BruceMedalists/Sandage/SandageRefs.html (1332 words)

	[No title]
		No "Age of the Universe" Controversy - Per Dr. Allan Sandage by Dean Fletcher Among the untold numbers of amateur astronomers over the country, there may be tens of thousands who have experienced frustration hundreds of times over the years with gunky, and/or light-polluted skies.
		Sandage, after his education, worked directly with Edwin Hubble for some years and according to the Encyclopedia Brittannica was the optical discoverer among other things of those intriguing and still-not-understood phenomena called quasers.
		Sandage's conclusion is that "there is no crisis in cosmology regarding the time scale as determined from (1) the expansion rate at the present epoch, and (2) the independently known age of the universe determined from stellar expansion...Ó
	www.cfas.org /Library/sandage.txt (506 words)

	The Bruce Medalists: Allan Sandage
		Allan Sandage was educated at the University of Illinois and the California Institute of Technology, where he earned his doctorate under Walter Baade.
		Sandage found the first optical counterpart to a radio source that would later be identified as a quasar, and he discovered many more, including the radio-quiet ones.
		Sandage, Allan, interview with Alan Lightman, in Lightman, Alan & Roberta Brawer, Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 1990), pp.
	www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu /brucemedalists/sandage (345 words)

	Allan Rex Sandage Biography / Biography of Allan Rex Sandage Main Biography
		Astronomer Allan Rex Sandage (born 1926) took it as his life's work to find out how old and how large the universe is. His work led him to conclude the universe is 15 billion to 20 billion years old.
		Sandage is credited with the discovery of quasars, small blue cosmic objects that may be places where stars are born.
		Born on June 18, 1926, Sandage was an only child.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-allan-rex-sandage (242 words)

	EDWIN HUBBLE 1889-1953 By Allan Sandage (1989, JRASC Vol. 83, No.6)
		EDWIN HUBBLE 1889-1953 By Allan Sandage (1989, JRASC Vol.
		By 1936 the work had been completed as far as it was to be done with the Mount wilson reflector, reaching redshifts of 40,000 km s[-1] for the Ursa Major No. 2 cluster (Humason 1936, Hubble 1936).
		Humason began the work again in 1949, using the Palomar 200-inch reflector, reaching 60,000 km s[-1] (Humason, Mayall and Sandage 1956) for the Hydra cluster, but was stopped from going further by the techniques of the time in the presence of the night sky air glow.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /diamond_jubilee/d_1996/sandage_hubble.html (4767 words)

	Newsweek: Science Finds God
		As much as any other 20th-century astronomer, Sandage actually figured it out: his observations of distant stars showed how fast the universe is expanding and how old it is (15 billion years or so).
		But through it all Sandage, who says he was "almost a practicing atheist as a boy," was nagged by mysteries whose answers were not to be found in the glittering panoply of supernovas.
		Sandage began to despair of answering such questions through reason alone, and so, at 50, he willed himself to accept God.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/newsweek/science_of_god/scienceofgod.htm (1345 words)

	Allan Rex Sandage, Astronomer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Since 1952 Allan Sandage has been on the Research Staff at the Mt.
		In 1960, Dr. Allan Sandage made the first optical identification of a quasar, with his junior colleague, Thomas Matthews.
		A photo of Dr. Allan Sandage in front of the Mt. Wilson 100-inch telescope, the instrument first used to establish that the universe was expanding.
	www.todayinsci.com /S/Sandage_Allan/Sandage_Allan.htm (419 words)

	Cepheids: Section 3: The Period - Luminosity - Colour Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sandage went on to investigate the nature of Q, the structural "constant".
		Despite having produced an empirical PL relation, Sandage and Tammann had not abandoned the concept of a PLC relation; they identified this 0.5 magnitude scatter with the width of the instability strip.
		Sandage and Tammann’s calibration did not signal the end of PLC relations, that of Martin, Warren and Feast (hereafter MWF) (1979) is an excellent example of a PLC calibration from near the close of this, admittedly rather loosely defined, "period".
	institute-of-brilliant-failures.com /section3.htm (4022 words)

	SN 2004dj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		object in a list of luminous stars and clusters by Allan Sandage in 1984; the progenitor is therefore commonly referred to as Sandage 96.
		The image pinpoints the location of the supernova within a cluster of massive, generally blue (but some red) stars called Sandage 96.
		This image was taken May 8, 2004, with the WIYN 0.9-metre mosaic camera at Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SN_2004dj (298 words)

	Hubble Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		a 1985 paper by Chip Arp and Allan Sandage, two of the most influential astronomers of their generation.
		Allan Sandage has worked for decades to determine some of the fundamental parameters of the universe in which we live, such as its age, rate of expansion, and whether it will live forever).
		By analyzing the spectra of the knots (their brightness at many different wavelengths) Arp and Sandage were able to show that the knots were probably not foreground stars.
	heritage.stsci.edu /1998/42/supplemental.html (1199 words)

	Science -- Finkbeiner 284 (5419): 1438
		If--as astronomer Allan Sandage once said--all of cosmology is the search for two numbers, then the search might now be half over.
		Sandage, also at the Carnegie Observatories, has spent a distinguished career looking for the value and is holding out for a slightly slower expansion rate.
		But another team, led by Sandage with Gustav Tammann of the University of Basel in Switzerland, measured the constant at 55, implying a comfortably old universe and no age crisis.
	ajdubre.tripod.com /Sci-Read-0/sci-823/Hubble1438.html (1119 words)

	Galaxies: Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Edwin Hubble, The Realm of the Nebulae (1936, reprinted 1982), is a classic account of the early history of extragalactic research written by one of the principal investigators.
		Allan Sandage, The Hubble Atlas of Galaxies (1961), discusses galaxy classification and includes marvelous full-page illustrations of different types of galaxies.
		Allan Sandage, Mary Sandage, and Jerome Kristian, Galaxies and the Universe (1976, reprinted 1982), contains a comprehensive collection of review articles.
	www.space.com /reference/brit/galaxies/bibliography.html (137 words)

	Advertising educator Sandage dies at 95 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		URBANA – Charles Harold Sandage, 95, of Urbana, who earned a national reputation as a leader in advertising education and as a consultant to private business, died at 2:55 p.m.
		He was known at the University of Illinois for his role in creating and heading the Department of Advertising in what eventually became the College of Communications, and for his role in starting the UI graduate program in advertising.
		Sandage was born Aug. 21, 1902, at Hatfield, Mo., a son of Moses and Almata Bissell Sandage.
	www.comm.uiuc.edu /College/sandage.htm (404 words)

	[No title]
		If anyone can present a good argument why it's wrong, we'll listen.'' Allan Sandage is angry at his astronomical brethren too, but his beef is just the opposite of Lauer's.
		For decades, Sandage's results have suggested that the cosmos is 15 billion to 20 billion years old or thereabouts.
		If she's right and Sandage is wrong, as many cosmic handicappers are betting, then the age crisis won't go away without some fundamental change in the way astronomers understand the cosmos.
	www.textfiles.com /computers/unravel.txt (4125 words)

	Welcome to the World Wide Christian Web!
		But that's not how it went from Allan Sandage." That's not how it goes for many scientists - and more each day.
		Sandage, who described himself as "almost a practicing atheist as a boy," accepted the reality of God because of his study of the universe when he was 50 years old.
		Sandage is but one of many atheists whose science lead to a belief in God.
	members.cox.net /wwcw/editor-6.html (324 words)

	CIW - News
		Commenting on the group's determination of the Hubble Constant, team leader Allan Sandage said: "The results of the first four years of this supernova experiment support the long distance scale for the universe.
		Allan Sandage has been a Carnegie staff member since 1952.
		Allan Sandage* of The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington (team leader), Abhijit Saha of Space Telescope Science Institute, Gustav A. Tammann and Lukas Labhardt, both of University of Basel, Switzerland, and Nino Panagia and F. Duccio Macchetto, both of Space Telescope Science Institute on assignment from the European Space Agency.
	www.carnegieinstitution.org /news_960301.html (1149 words)

	Biblia Romana: Renumit Cosmolog reneaga ateismul
		De fapt Allan Rex Sandage este considerat a fi unul dintre cei mai mari cosmologi din lume.
		Sandage a a mentionat ca fenomenul misterios cunoscut sub numele de "Big Bang", este un eveniment supranatural pe care specialistii din domeniul fizicii nu il pot explica.
		Geniul lui Allan Sandge, unul dintre cele mai stralucite minti ale epocii noastre, a descoperit ca stiinta si credinta nu sunt in conflict.
	www.bibliaromana.com /misc/ateism2.htm (445 words)

	Citebase - The Tolman Surface Brightness Test for the Reality of the Expansion. IV. A Measurement of the Tolman Signal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sandage, A. 1975, in Galaxies and the Universe, eds.
		Sandage, A. Sandage, A. Sandage, A. 1995, "Practical Cosmology:Inventing the Past," in The Deep Universe, 23rd Sass Fee Advanced Course in Astrophysics, eds.
		Sandage, A. and Tammann, G.A. 1997, in Critical Dialogues in Cosmology, ed.
	www.citebase.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/0106566 (1682 words)

	Sandage, Allan R. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Sandage, Allan R. Sandage, Allan R. Allan R. Sandage is an astronomer who, in the 1950's, measured the rate of the expansion of the Universe, Hubble's constant (H), which he calculated to be 50 km/sec/mpc.
		From this, Sandage estimated of the age of the Universe (T) to be 19.2 billion years [T = 2/3 x (1/H) ].
		These calculations have changed through the years and now, H=~ 75 (T=12.9 billion years) is more generally accepted.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/sandage/Sag.html (75 words)

	Physics Today Online - American Vacuum Society
		In April, Physics Today (page 58) reported on the establishment of the prize, which will be given in a formal presentation at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences at the Vatican in November.
		Peebles, Albert Einstein Professor of Science at Princeton University, is being honored for advancing "our understanding of phenomena, which range from the creation of the lightest elements to the formation of galaxies and the cosmic distribution of matter and radiation," the foundation reports.
		Sandage, staff astronomer emeritus with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, is being recognized for "his relentless pursuit of the true values of the Hubble constant, the deceleration parameter, and the age of the universe."
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-10/p95a.html (265 words)

	A NEW VALUE FOR THE HUBBLE CONSTANT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Allan Sandage of the Carnegie Institution and his colleagues have used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe 27 cepheids in galaxy IC4182; the reliable relation between the cepheids' variability rate and intrinsic brightness gives a value of 16 million miles to IC4182.
		This allowed Sandage to calculate the intrinsic brightness of a type-IA supernova also residing in IC4182; this brightness could be compared to that of similar supernovas in more distant galaxies.
		This distance-finding technique results in a value of 45 for the Hubble constant and an age for the universe of at least 15 billion years.
	newton.ex.ac.uk /aip/glimpse.txt/physnews.88.2.html (139 words)

	BreakPoint \| Overlapping Territory
		Allan Rex Sandage is considered the greatest observational cosmologist in the world.
		As former journalist Lee Strobel writes in his book The Case for a Creator, Sandage had “deciphered the secrets of the stars, plumbed the mysteries of quasars,” and quantified the expansion of the universe.
		While discussing the Big Bang and its philosophical implications, Sandage announced that he had become a Christian—and that it was science that drove him to his beliefs.
	www.pfm.org /AM/PrinterTemplate.cfm?Site=bp&Section=BreakPoint1&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=13743 (635 words)

	Reasons To Believe: Facts For Faith Issue 8, 2002
		Lori Lubin of Caltech and Allan Sandage of Carnegie Observatories teamed up, using the 400-inch Keck telescope to measure nearly a thousand galaxies' redshifts and the 94-inch HST to measure those galaxies' surface brightness.
		Allan Sandage and Jean-Marc Perelmuter, "The Surface Brightness Test for the Expansion of the Universe.
		Allan Sandage and Lori M. Lubin, 2271-88; Lori M. Lubin and Allan Sandage, "The Tolman Surface Brightness Test for the Reality of the Expansion.
	www.reasons.org /resources/fff/2002issue08/index.shtml?main (17604 words)

	Natural History: Twinkle Twinkle - a cosmology development and a comprehension of stellar evolution are highlights of ...
		Allan Sandage ("Twinkle Twinkle," page 64) has made lasting contributions to two of the defining pursuits of twentieth-century astronomy.
		When Hubble died, in 1953, Sandage inherited the great astronomer's long-term project to find Hubble's constant, a number astronomers would later use to determine the age of the universe (which Sandage now estimates to be about 15 billion years).
		Yet Sandage has never wavered from his first love, the stars.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1134/is_1_109/ai_59210819 (1344 words)

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