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Topic: Allied Armies in Italy

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	Italy
		Adelaide of Italy Saint Adelaide of Italy was born in marriage was to Lothar, King of Italy, and was part of a political...
		Matera, Italy Matera is a town and a province in the region of Italy.
		Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Italy HRH Prince Emanuele Filiberto Umberto Reza Rene Maria of Savoy, Prince of Venice and...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/italy.html (1241 words)

	U.S. Fifth Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fifth Army was relieved of responsibility for Cassino and the final phases of that battle saw Indian, New Zealand and finally Polish troops thrown against the fortress.
		The strategic conception of General Harold Alexander, commanding 15th Army Group was that the forces of VI Corps, coming out of Anzio would trap the retreating German forces, and leave them to be annihilated by the advancing Fifth and Eighth Armies.
		Its postwar role was as an Army Reserve formation, formally responsible for the training of many Army troops and also the ground defence of part of the continental United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/US_Fifth_Army (1217 words)

	ROME-ARNO 1944
		Allied soldiers endured icy winds and torrential rains, lived in improvised shelters, ate cold rations, suffered from exposure and trench foot, and hauled their own munitions and supplies up and down steep mountainsides where vehicles and even mule trains were often unable to negotiate the few crude tracks or rocky crags.
		The remainder of the Fifth Army was to protect the Eighth Army's left flank during the drive north for the link-up with VI Corps and subsequent advance on Rome.
		The accomplishments of the Allied armies in Italy, culminating in the capture of Rome on 5 June, were quickly overshadowed by the opening of the long-awaited second front with the Normandy invasion (OVERLORD) on 6 June 1944.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/romar/72-20.htm (8299 words)

	Italy
		Allied victory in Sicily had resulted in the overthrow of Mussolini's government, and the capitulation of Italy was only a matter of negotiation and time.
		The Italian surrender resulted in German evacuation of the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, gave the Allies the Italian Navy, and, in effect, made Italy a co-belligerent with the Allies.
		The Allied force, although reduced in strength by the necessity to relinquish some divisions for use in France, initiated a drive in September that broke the Gothic Line after a three-month campaign.
	www.worldwar2history.info /Italy (939 words)

	Civil Affairs + Military Government • Venezia Giulia
		The Fifth Army was commanded until Dec 44 by Lt Gen Mark W Clark, and then by Lt Gen Lucien K Truscott Jr.
		The Allied Control Commission (ACC), renamed the Allied Commission (AC) in Dec 44, which was a separate 'civil' arm at the AFHQ level.
		Their mission was two-fold: day-to-day Allied liaison with and steering of the Italian Government, and supervising all technical matters and application of overall occupation policy.
	www.milhist.net /amg/komer.html (843 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		The Eighth Army began its offensive on the Sangro River on November 20, and the Fifth Army attacked in the Liri Valley on December 1.
		One portion of the Eighth Army was to the east of the Apennines; the Fifth Army and the rest of the Eighth Army, to the west.
		In mid-March, Allied intelligence staffs estimated that about a third of the German strength in the west was employed in Italy, and this was judged to be an important factor in the success of Overlord.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_8.html (12575 words)

	Allied Armies in Italy -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		ACMF was commanded by (An officer holding the highest rank in the army) Field Marshal Sir (Click link for more info and facts about Harold Alexander) Harold Alexander, and was in turn renamed Allied Armies in Italy on 1 March of the same year.
		The final change of title of the headquarters, back to 15th Army Group, came when Alexander handed over command to General (Click link for more info and facts about Mark W. Clark) Mark W. Clark on 11 December 1944.
		For most of its life the Allied Central Mediterranean Force and Allied Armies in Italy consisted of the (Click link for more info and facts about US Fifth Army) US Fifth Army and the (Click link for more info and facts about British Eighth Army) British Eighth Army.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/allied_armies_in_italy.htm (174 words)

	Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the Anglo-American forces from Torch and the Western Desert forces met in Tunisia in January 1943, he became deputy to Dwight Eisenhower and Supreme Allied Commander of Allied Armies in Italy.
		He was Eisenhower's preference to command D-Day but Churchill pressured to keep him in Italy, where he captured Rome in 1944.
		In December 1946 he was made a Knight of the Garter and was elevated to an Earldom in 1952.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_Alexander (1139 words)

	Rome_Arno
		The composition and capabilities of the Allied armies in Italy, and the nature of their operations, reflected the disagreement between the American and British high commands about the overall Allied strategy in the Mediterranean.
		The Fourteenth and Tenth Armies did construct two defensive belts across central Italy, the Dora and Trasimeno (Frieda) Lines, in the attempt to halt or at least slow the Allied advance, but both were overrun by the end of June.
		Having failed to stem the Allied advance between Rome and the Arno, Field Marshal Kesselring was not optimistic that his battered, mixed force of infantry, armored, Luftwaffe, and foreign units could halt any Allied thrust short of the Gothic Line north of Florence and the Arno.
	www.488thportbattalion.org /Rome_Arno.html (8320 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shortly thereafter, however, the stalemate in Italy forced a recasting of plans, and it was decided to shelve the plan and concentrate on a decision in the battle for Rome.
		The Allies had just captured Rome and were in all-out pursuit of the disorganized enemy during early June when the Normandy assault began; it was clearly inadvisable to halt in the middle of success in Italy to invade southern France.
		By then the Allied armies in Italy had largely exploited their success and were slowing down in front of the formidable Pisa-Rimini defense line.
	home.comcast.net /~phbrowne/accounts/operation_dragoon_usaaf.htm (4649 words)

	Office of Strategic Services Operational Groups
		Seven of the most experienced divisions fighting in Italy were transferred to the Seventh Army for landings in southern France.
		During the Allied advance to the Gothic Line some excellent partisan bands were overrun and proved to be very valuable in tactical situations.
		On the western front the Fifth Army did not have sufficient personnel so five OG officers and twenty OG enlisted men were loaned to the Fifth Army until that unit came up to full strength.
	www.ossog.org /italy.html (1101 words)

	Dacapo Books
		Indeed, after the invasion of France the Allied armies in Italy found themselves in a forgotten theater of war.
		The problem for the Allies was that the fall of the Italian capital on June 4, 1944- although a spectacular public relations triumph- did not end the campaign.
		A notable feature of the combat in Italy was the large mixture of Allied nationalities involved.
	www.perseusbooksgroup.com /dacapo/book_detail.jsp?isbn=0306812568 (355 words)

	194309
		Italy's army collapses as most of its 2 million men lay down their arms in Italy, France, Greece, the Balkans, Sardinia, Corsica and the Aegean islands.
		Allied units move inland to attack Germans holding hills overlooking the beachhead.
		Allied commander Harold Alexander's plans call for swift advances to Naples, Rome and Florence and pinning down a large number of German divisions so they won't be used in France next year.
	meltingpot.fortunecity.com /tenison/297/wwii/194309.htm (3316 words)

	Chapter 7. Rock. History of the AFS, 1920-1955. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Allied plan was for 13 Corps of Eighth Army to cross the narrow strait from Sicily to Reggio Calabria on 3 September, followed on 9 September by simultaneous landings of the Fifth Army at Salerno and of the British 1st Airborne Division at Taranto.
		Clark, Fifth Army was predominantly American, although at most times during the campaign it had under command a substantial number of British and Commonwealth troops---notably, during the first phases of the attack, 10 Corps, the veteran troops of the desert advance.
		The Eighth Army, commanded by General Montgomery, was soon to become larger than it had ever been in the desert, and during the course of the Italian campaign it was to be further augmented with troops from many nations.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/specoll/AFS/library/Rock/R10.html (19664 words)

	Second World War Books: Review
		When Rome fell to the Allied armies on 4 June 1944, it was big news.
		Until two days later the Allies landed at Normandy, and Italy was pushed permanently off the front page.
		For the next eleven months the Allied Armies in Italy battled their way north without the glamor, publicity, or priority of troops, equipment, and supplies of the divisions in France.
	stonebooks.com /archives/960805.shtml (472 words)

	NARA - Military Agency Records - Military Agency Records RG 331
		Under the terms of the Peace Treaty of 1947 with Italy, the territory under the administration of the Allied Military Government for Venezia Giulia was divided between Italy and Yugoslavia except for a specified area around Trieste.
		The territorial remnant was established on September 15, 1947, as the Free Territory of Trieste and was occupied by joint British-American forces as the Allied Military Government, British-United States Zone, Free Territory of Trieste.
		In October 1954 the Allied Military Government was abolished and the Territory turned over to the control of the Italian Government.
	archives.gov /research/holocaust/finding-aid/military/rg-331-2.html?... (465 words)

	The Battles of Monte Cassino
		The Germans were positioned in the mountains south of Rome, and the Allies had been unable to break through.
		The Allies had tried to take Cassino several times; in January 1944, General Mark Clark had commanded the American Fifth Army in the first attempt, which included the Second and Tenth American Army Corps, the French Expeditionary Corps, and the British X Corps.
		Worse, the Allied ground forces had not been told about the bombing, so the bombing was not followed by an immediate ground attack.
	www.robertambros.com /andersmc.htm (539 words)

	PlanetPapers - The English Patient
		The allied armies in Italy suffered from shell shock from the nurses that were helping soldiers from dying.
		The allies released the English patient and he was soon found by a tribe who gave him to the loving nurse that took care of him.
		When the war was over the remaining people in those concentration camps who were alive were released to the Allies.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/4815.php (905 words)

	Love, Sex and War: Yielding to the Conquerors. John Costello
		The easy availability of a quick cure for the wages of sin was reassuring for those members of the Allied forces who were encouraged by the enthusiastic reception they received from the women of the towns and villages of Normandy to join an intimate celebration of the liberation.
		That a large percentage of these children were fathered by Allied soldiers was an indication of the rapidity with which General Eisenhower's original 'non-fraternization' policy had broken down.
		Now there was no longer any fighting, the sexual hunger of Allied troops feasted on that of German women separated from their husbands, many of whom had risked imprisonment in concentration camps to solicit the favours of Polish and Russian slave workers.
	www.heretical.com /costello/16yield.html (2450 words)

	Glossary
		The planned Allied invasion of southern France in the Toulon Marseille area
		This code name was used for security reasons after September 1913 on all OVERLORD planning papers which referred to the target area and date.
		Allied invasion of North and Northwest Africa, 1942
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/wwii/civaff/gloss.htm (349 words)

	Broadmining: Italy&t= (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Italy travel guide - Italy - hotel Italy - hotels Italy - Italy guide - ital...
		Italy Hotels, special rates on one to five star hotels Italy.
		Italy weather and maps - Italian maps and current weather forecasts for the...
	lowide.com /Italy&t= (742 words)

	USAF Museum - WWII Combat Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The fact that both these operations were carried out with dwindling enemy air opposition provides one of the highlights in the Mediterranean campaign since the invasion of Italy in 1943.
		The Luftwaffe has now been routed from the air over Southeastern Europe, leaving the Twelfth Air Force free to operate full-time with Allied ground armies in Italy, while the Fifteenth Air Force continues to hammer at strategic targets in Germany and the remaining enemy occupied lands.
		It is true that the Luftwaffe had been defeated in Tunisia and Sicily, but on the Italian mainland, operating from well-equipped bases, it constituted a real threat to any Allied attempt to secure a toe-hold on Europe.
	www.wpafb.af.mil /museum/history/wwii/aaf/aaf-52.htm (222 words)

	What You Do Counts
		The allied armies numbered each hill in the country.
		You couldn't win the war in Italy unless you took all the hills the Germans occupied.
		During WW II in Italy, the Italians used to say that: "Mussolini killed and killed communists, until there were two million of them." Yes, every paper you sell counts for something.
	www.plp.org /pl_magazine/whatudo.html (1259 words)

	Speech by General Sir Harold Alexander
		General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies in Italy to the II Polish Corps shortly after the Battle of Monte Cassino
		By conferring on General Anders the Order of the Bath, my Sovereign has decorated the Commander of the II Army Corps for his excellent leadership, and also by it expressed his appreciation for the extreme gallantry and great spirit of self-sacrifice shown by the Polish soldiers during the battle of Monte Cassino.
		It was a day of great glory for Poland, when you took this stronghold the Germans themselves considered to be impregnable.
	www.robertambros.com /anders-alexanderspreech.htm (212 words)

	Amazon.com: Mountain Troops and Medics: A Complete World War II Combat History of the U.S. Tenth Mountain Division - a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was the first Allied division to break into the Po Valley, and first to reach and cross the wide Po River, using hastily obtained, hand-paddled assault boats.
		It then continued its rapid advance, as the vanguard of the Allied Armies in Italy, until it reached the Austrian border.
		Written in non-technical language, the book is easy to read, and fulfills the requirements for an outstanding and unusual gift, especially to all World War II participants, history and military buffs, mountaineers, ski enthusiasts, and almost everyone connected with the field of medicine.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/155369600X?v=glance (1056 words)

	Success in the Mediterranean area (from World War II) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		In February 1943 General Eisenhower was appointed commander in chief of the Allied armies in the North African theater of operations.
		The principal belligerents were the Axis powers—Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies—France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China.
		The opposing sides were the Axis powers—consisting mainly of Germany, Italy, and Japan—and the Allies—primarily France, Great Britain, the United...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-210422?ct= (1072 words)

	World War II - Johnson's Russia List 5-10-03
		Second, World War II would probably have been won by Nazi Germany but for the amazing struggle of the Russian and Ukrainian peoples and their allies even under the wasteful incompetence of Stalin's totalitarian communist regime.
		Even on the brink of D-Day, three times as many Nazi Wehrmacht divisions were committed to fighting the advancing Red Army in the East as were awaiting the Anglo-American invasion in France or holding back the Allied armies in Italy.
		Because of the Great Patriotic War, it was inevitable that all of Central Europe from Stettin in the Baltic to the borders of Greece would fall under Soviet control before the Anglo-American armies driving in on the Third Reich from the West could get there first.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/7176-4.cfm (894 words)

	[No title]
		Allied Armies Italy formation sign -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRADERS, ANNOUNCEMENTS & NOTICEBOARD INDEX 1: Next edition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MODELLERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) From: Grant Parkin [granty_p@hotmail.com] Subject: Where is Tassos Tsiplakos?
		Silicone sealants produce technically a mist; mists are small droplets of liquid material, which may also evaporate i.e.
		This is not a theatre on which I have much information and I am trying to research the markings carried by vehicles of 12L at the time, which was an armoured car regiment.
	apma.org.au /thinktank/thinktank0093.txt (1366 words)

	D-Day Dodgers, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		DESCRIPTION: "We're the D-Day Dodgers, out in Italy, Always on the vino, Always on the spree." The soldiers describe their allegedly safe and luxurious life: "Salerno, a holiday with pay," etc. They point out the nonsense of Lady Astor's remarks
		Sept 9, 1943 - Allies invade the Italian mainland
		Notes: Lady Astor, an American-born member of the British parliament, was reported to have criticised the Allied armies in Italy as "D-Day Dodgers." In fact they were some of the hardest-suffering troops of the war; they fought well-entrenched Germans and never received enough equipment or reinforcements.
	www.csufresno.edu /folklore/ballads/SBoA358.html (187 words)

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