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Topic: Allied Command Operations

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	Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The former Allied Command Atlantic (ACLANT) headquarters in Norfolk, Virginia was simultaneously converted into headquarters for the new Allied Command Transformation (ACT) responsible for transformation and training of NATO forces.
		The commanding officer of Allied Command Operations has also retained the title "Supreme Allied Commander Europe" (SACEUR), and continues to be a U.S. four star general with the dual-hatted role of Commander, U.S. European Command.
		The allies were unsuccessful in their efforts to persuade the French government to reconsider, and France then withdrew the vast majority of its military personnel from NATO military headquarters in July 1966.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Allied_Command_Operations (1354 words)

	Supreme Allied Commander - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These commanders reported to the Combined Chiefs of Staff, although in the case of the American commanders in the Pacific and SACSEA, the relevant national command authorities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff or the Chiefs of Staff Committee had responsibility of the main conduct of the war in the theatre of operations.
		The NATO structure is divided into two commands, one for operations and one for transformation.
		The commander of the new organisation is Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr., U.S. Navy.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Supreme_Allied_Commander (527 words)

	European SIGNAL Online
		With a new command structure in place, NATO now moves on to the business of getting the doctrinal, educational and training processes into place so it is aligned with future U.S. concepts of operations and can better address the need for a more proactive approach.
		The command will conduct operations from these locations or provide a land-based combined joint task force headquarters and a robust but more limited standing joint headquarters from which a deployed sea-based capability can be drawn.
		Operations that took place during the past decade revealed specific capabilities requirements, and Adm. Forbes says NATO identified existing groups such as research and development and standardization organizations that can help the alliance meet these needs.
	www.afcea.org /signal/europe2003/alliance.asp (1882 words)

	European Defence - North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ACO is responsible for all NATO operations, including territory previously under the control of ACLANT.
		ACO is headed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) at the ACO headquarters (also the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE)) at Mons in Belgium.
		After the EU launched Operation Althea in Bosnia in December 2004, NATO established a small headquarters in Sarajevo to advise the Bosnia government on defence reform, counter terrorism and on the capture of suspected war criminals.
	www.european-defence.co.uk /directory/nato03.html (434 words)

	DefenseLINK News: NATO Ministers Okay Sweeping Command Changes
		That command leads the U.S. military's push toward transformation and officials expect a lot of synergy from the grouping of the NATO and U.S. commands.
		This command structure was fine as long as there was one known enemy poised on the border of Western Europe, officials said.
		Allies will not need the mass armies of the past, and personnel are expensive.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Jun2003/n06122003_200306122.html (627 words)

	Operation Allied Force: Lessons for Future Coalition Operations
		On March 24, 1999, NATO initiated Operation Allied Force as a means to compel Slobodan Milosevic to cease ethnic cleansing in Kosovo and to pull Serbian forces out of the disputed province.
		Operation Allied Force marked a watershed in the Alliance's history and a significant departure from NATO's exclusive Cold-War focus on the defense of its members' borders.
		In Operation Allied Force, the Alliance showed itself capable of acting when challenged even in circumstances where the territorial integrity and sovereignty of NATO's members was not directly affected.
	www.rand.org /publications/RB/RB72 (2024 words)

	Defense Horizons No. 28
		Allied Command Operations is structured with land, air, and maritime component commands under two JFHQs, plus a separate maritime joint force headquarters.
		Command relationships identify the specific authorities that higher commanders are given over subordinate units, such as whether they are responsible for positioning subordinate forces and whether they are authorized to subdivide assigned units.
		Command relationships compose the essential fine print that allowed General Michael Jackson, British commander of forces in Kosovo, to refuse the order of General Wesley Clark, NATO Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, to deploy to Pristina airport ahead of advancing Russian forces in 1999.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/DefHor/DH28/DH_28.htm (7353 words)

	Psychological Operations
		The 350th Civil Affairs Command in Pensacola, FL, is a SOUTHCOM asset; the 351st in Mountain View, CA, is apportioned to PACOM; the 352nd in Riverdale, MD is oriented on CENTCOM, and the 353rd on Staten Island, NY, has the EUCOM mission.
		The 352nd Civil Affairs Command, the 360th CA Brigade, the 354th CA Brigade and the 304th CA Group were some of the major units activated and sent to Saudi Arabia.
		The surrender of 60,000 Iraqis in Operation Desert Storm was due in no small measure to the sophisticated and well-orchestrated PSYOP campaign of the 4th POG, ably supported by loudspeaker teams from a wide variety of PSYOP units of the Reserve Component.
	www.psywarrior.com /psyop.html (2399 words)

	Washington File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Allied Command Transformation, including its European footprint, is being established as a completely new command whose success will be key to future transformation efforts within the Alliance, and which will need to be properly resourced.
		Allied Command Operations now has exclusive responsibility for the conduct of all Alliance operations.
		Both Strategic Commands assumed their new roles ahead of schedule, and the establishment of subordinate elements is proceeding apace.
	www.usembassy.ro /WF/100/03-12-01/eur107.htm (1123 words)

	NATO Renames Allied Command Europe, September 1, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), General James L. Jones, announced September 1 that Allied Command Europe (ACE) will officially be renamed Allied Command Operations (ACO) as part of the revitalization of NATO and its military command structure.
		ACO will continue to embrace all the NATO commands in Europe and add to its Area of Responsibility those operational elements that formerly came under the Supreme Allied Command Atlantic (SACLANT).
		Jones retains the title of SACEUR and assumes strategic command for the preparation and conduct of all joint (sea, land and air) NATO operations.
	www.usembassy.it /file2003_09/alia/a3090206.htm (345 words)

	DefenseLINK News: New NATO Transformation Command Established in Norfolk
		Robertson oversaw the decommissioning of Allied Command Atlantic and the establishment of the new command under a driving rain.
		The new command is part of a huge restructuring of NATO commands agreed to by heads of state at NATO's Prague Summit in November.
		The force is scheduled to have an early operations capability at the end of this year, with an initial operations capability set for fall 2004.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Jun2003/n06192003_200306193.html (719 words)

	Armed Forces - m08 - NATO Command Structure and Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) - General Joseph W. Ralston
		NATO Operations in which the United Kingdom was a participant would almost certainly be as part of a NATO force under the command and control of Allied Command Operations (ACO).
		The European Command’s mission is to support and achieve US interests and objectives throughout 93 countries in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and portions of the Middle East.
		The command performs a variety of functions including planning for and conducting contingency operations such as noncombatant evacuations and humanitarian relief operations; providing combat-ready forces to both Allied Command Europe and other US unified commands; and conducting intelligence activities and security assistance.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /mod/listings/l0008.html (924 words)

	News from the Washington File
		Finally on the command structure, the ministers approved the new NATO command structure, which will result in a major reduction and streamlining in the size of the command structure, taking it down from roughly twenty elements down to eleven elements.
		And in his hat today as Joint Force Commander, but within the next couple of weeks we hope, Admiral Edmund Giambastiani will become the new Supreme Allied Commander Transformation, which is really a direct link between the between the Joint Forces Command in the United States, which is responsible for U.S. transformation, and the Alliance.
		There will be a lot of, large number of allied officers staying in the Norfolk area, although the character of the officers that will be sent there will be changing very dramatically over time because it's very much a maritime focus now, and it will now become a joint focus.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/06/mil-030614-usia01.htm (2222 words)

	Command Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new command structure will have only indirect consequences for the "Allied Command Transformation" because it is not a military command.
		The transformation of the operational command structure, however, is being accomplished at two different levels: These are the strategic and the tactical/component levels of operations.
		This level will consist of six "Joint Force Component Commands" (JFCCs) the task of which is to support the operational level.
	www.fr.bmvg.de /C1256F1200608B1B/CurrentBaseLink/N264WRZQ404MMISEN (220 words)

	Links
		SHAPE is the military headquarters of NATO's Allied Command Europe (ACE).
		Allied Command Transformation (ACT), Norfolk, US This site provides information on the transformation of NATO capabilities, which is comprised of five major processes; identifying future strategic-level joint concepts; integrating them; experimenting with new concepts; and contributing to the implementation of military capability improvements.
		AFNORTHWEST is the NATO military command responsible for Norway, Britain, and the adjacent seas.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /caucasus/links.cfm?parent=1651 (187 words)

	DefenseLINK News: New NATO Transformation Command Established in Norfolk
		Giambastiani is also commander of U.S. Joint Forces Command, the command charged with transforming the U.S. military.
		The decommissioning of Allied Command Atlantic and establishment of Allied Command Transformation is more than a reflagging action.
		Allied Command Transformation will do that under direction of the NATO Atlantic Council through the NATO military council.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/2003/06/mil-030619-afps01.htm (706 words)

	Naval Network and Space Operations Command - Operations Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Around-the-clock operational space support to operational Navy and Marine Corps forces is coordinated and disseminated through the Naval Space Operations Center (NAVSPOC) at Dahlgren, Va. The NAVSPOC enables Naval Network and Space Operations Command to monitor the status of all space systems as well as the location and operations of naval units.
		Space reports and analyses are activated on request and are tailored to a deploying unit's operations and geographic area of movement.
		As ASCC, Naval Network and Space Operations Command also monitors the space environment and inform owners and operators of U.S. and allied space systems of potential threats to their assets.
	www.nnsoc.navy.mil /factsheets/navspoc.htm (242 words)

	North Atlantic Treaty Organization on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		NATO air forces were used under UN auspices in punitive attacks on Serb forces in Bosnia in 1994 and 1995, and the alliance's forces were subsequently used for peacekeeping operations in Bosnia.
		In Aug., 2003, NATO assumed command of the international security force in the Kabul area in Afghanistan, and in October a NATO rapid-response force was established.
		Allied Command Operations is headed by the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/N/NA1tlT1rO1.asp (941 words)

	NATO
		Nations that fought in Allied Force or that are in the Balkans today are using NATO doctrine, procedures, and tactics “24 hours a day, 365 days a year,” Ralston said.
		Operation Allied Force in 1999 revealed huge capability gaps between the NATO “haves” and “have-nots” in areas such as stealth and precision strike.
		The simplified command structure proposed for NATO is being pursued in large part to foster transformation.
	www.afa.org /magazine/April2003/0403Nato.html (2806 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The NRF is the first point of entry for new, innovative capabilities, like the new training packages developed by Allied Command Operations, Allied Command Transformation and the Nations at the Joint Warfare Center in Stavanger, Norway and the Joint Force Training Center in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
		In short : Allied Command Transformation is working to provide the framework, through the NRF, for the military capabilities needed by the Alliance and its Nations.
		In reference to providing “clear” guidance, Allied Command Transformation and Allied Command Operations—in partnership with the Nations—have produced a Bi-SC Strategic Vision paper that provides a guide for our transformation efforts by describing some of the key operational attributes and capabilities NATO must have to successfully conduct operations in the future joint environment.
	www.rta.nato.int /News.htm (1620 words)

	SHAPE Information: The Forces of ACE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The force is made up of Allied Air Forces North based in Ramstein, Germany and Allied Naval Forces North based in Northwood, United Kingdom.
		The commander is a German or British four-star flag or general officer.
		ACE Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC) - The ARRC is prepared for employment throughout Allied Command Europe in order to augment or reinforce local forces whenever necessary.
	www.nato.int /shape/about/structure.htm (288 words)

	Armed Forces - m09 - NATO Commands - Allied Command Europe (ACE) - Allied Forces North Europe (AFNORTH) - Allied Forces ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Allied Command Operations, with its headquarters, SHAPE, near Mons, Belgium, will be responsible for all Alliance operations.
		Although these component commands will be available for use in any operation, they will be subordinated to one of the Joint Force Commanders.
		ACT will command the Joint Warfare Centre in Norway, a new Joint Force Training Centre in Poland and the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre in Portugal.
	www.armedforces.co.uk /mod/listings/l0009.html (384 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Personnel from 18 member nations representing Allied Command Operations (ACOS) provide detailed plans for the coordinated conventional and nuclear defense of Europe.
		PAS CODES: PE3GF2M2 (NAEW Force Command) UMD International HQ responsible to the NATO Strategic Commanders (SCs) for operational and logistics support for NATO Airborne Early Warning (NAEW) E-3A aircraft and personnel from 14 nations operating from five European air bases.
		A multinational unit responsible to the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, NPC provides expert software support for NATO air C2 and air defense computer systems used to command and control air resources, active air defense missions and live/simulated training.
	www.usafe.af.mil /mss/SHAPEUnit.doc (485 words)

	JFCN Press Release
		AA 04 is a Combined Joint Task Force (CJTF) Command Post Exercise (CPX) designed to certify the Joint Force Command Naples Headquarters, and its Component Commands to assume responsibility of the NATO Response Force(NRF)rotation July 2004 - June 2005 and to validate its CJTF capability.
		NATO HQS participating in the exercise are: Allied Command Operations, Allied Command Transformation (including the Joint Warfare Centre and the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre), Joint Force Command Naples, AIRSOUTH, NAVSOUTH, the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps Italy, the UK Maritime Forces (UKMARFOR), Allied Forces North and Joint Headquarters West.
		It provides the vehicle for validation of Joint Force Command Naples Headquarters as a “Trained” land based CJTF HQ, by exercising and evaluating the required “Reach-Back” capability of the Joint Force Command and its components.
	www.afsouth.nato.int /releases/2004releases/pr_12_04.htm (564 words)

	News from USJFCOM: NATO ministers okay sweeping command changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Giambastiani also heads U.S. Joint Forces Command, also headquartered in Norfolk.
		Officials said Allied Command-Transformation will have a significant European footprint.
		NATO's first Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (SACT) and the commander of U.S. Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM) bids farewell.
	www.jfcom.mil /newslink/storyarchive/2003/no061203.htm (684 words)

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