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Topic: Allies of Rome during the Macedonian Wars

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Macedonian Wars

	Rome
		The seven hills of the ancient city are the Palatine, roughly in the center, with the Capitoline to the northwest and the Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine in an outlying north-southwest curve.
		During this time the Roman Empire was the largest it would ever be; its boundaries included Armenia, middle Mesopotamia, the Arabian desert, the Red Sea, Nubia, the Sahara, the Moroccan mountain mass, the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, Scotland, the North Sea, the Rhine, the Danube, the Black Sea, and the Caucasus.
		During the “Babylonian captivity” of the popes at Avignon (1309—78) Rome was desolate, economically ruined, and in constant turmoil.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/R/Rome.html (0 words)

	Punic Wars - Crystalinks
		The primary cause of the Punic Wars was the clash of interests between the expanding Carthaginian and Roman spheres of influence.
		The Third Punic War was fought between Carthage and the Roman Republic from 149 BC to 146 BC.
		In the years between the Second and Third Punic Wars, Rome was engaged in the conquest of the Hellenistic empires to the east and ruthlessly suppressing the Iberian people in the west, although they had been essential to the Roman success in the Second Punic War.
	www.crystalinks.com /punicwars.html (3919 words)

	Rome: The Crisis of the Republic
		The Punic Wars and the Macedonian Wars flooded Rome and Roman territories with new slaves.
		Rome had had slave labor before then, but the second century saw a major shift in the Roman economy from a laborer economy to a slave economy.
		As you might expect, the wealthy in Rome, and the Senate, were as opposed to this procedure as it is possible to be opposed.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ROME/CRISIS.HTM (0 words)

	Empire and Politics by Violence, to 79 BCE
		Rome sent an army of volunteers to Greece that was poorly led and poorly disciplined, and for a couple of years Philip pursed a cautious strategy designed to wear-down the military that Rome had sent his way.
		Rome decided that its presence would be needed in Macedonia to keep the Macedonians in line, and it began a permanent rule and military occupation there, Macedonia becoming the first Roman province east of the Adriatic Sea.
		A civil war had begun, and in the first year of the war, Rome moved to prevent more cities from joining the rebellion, and they did so by extending citizenship to their inhabitants, pretending they were doing so as a reward for their loyalty.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch16.htm (0 words)

	AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF ROME - PART I - IV - EXPANSION IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
		The attitude of Rome towards the Greeks changed and a rebellion led in 146 to the destruction of Corinth and to the annexation of continental Greece to the Macedonian province.
		In Rome the period of the Macedonian wars saw the rise and fall of the Scipio family; many members of this family were appointed consuls or held other important offices: two of them were surnamed Africanus and Asiaticus for their victories in Africa and Asia.
		The reaction of Rome was hampered by an internal conflict: the Senate had entrusted to Silla the leadership of the army to be sent against Mithridates, but the lower classes opposed this appointment and called for Marius to replace Silla, but the latter moved towards Rome with the army which had remained loyal to him.
	www.romeartlover.it /Storia4.html (0 words)

	The Rise of Rome
		During their service they were expected to remain virgins, for the Romans believed that to please the gods, women who were unmarried and not trying to bear children should remain chaste.
		Rome's goddess of fire, Vesta, ranked high among the Roman gods, but the largest temple in Rome was for the goddess Venus, the daughter of Jupiter.
		As the war was winding down, the Greek city of Tarentum, on Italy's southern coast, became disturbed by a colony that Rome had established just eighty miles to its north.
	fsmitha.com /h1/ch15.htm (0 words)

	Rome and Carthage Begin a War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Wars with the Greeks of Sicily.ÑThe frequent wars between Carthage and the Greek cities of Sicily, which we touched upon in our study of the Greek cities, were the outcome of commercial rivalry for the profitable trade of the island.
		Development of Rome's Coinage and Trade.ÑThere could be little doubt that war would arise between these two powers, because Carthaginian policy demanded that Sicily be added to her commercial domain, and that the Romans should not be permitted to develop their trade so as to interfere with the monopoly held by the merchants of Carthage.
		Their war indemnity was increased, and they were forced to give up Sardinia, which was soon after combined with Corsica into one province, and added to Rome's territory as Sicily had been.
	www.sacredspiral.com /Database/rome/rome21.html (0 words)

	The Glory That Was Rome: Great Battles and Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Some of the 80 Carthaginian war elephants which opened the battle with a frontal charge were turned back in panic by the pandemonium of shouts and trumpet blasts which the Romans raised.
		During the last years of Nero's reign conditions in Judea deteriorated rapidly mainly due to the actions of incompetent and corrupt Roman officials and the increasing threat posed by the Scare, a band of religious zealots that used murder and violence to terrorize the populace.
		During the civil upset that followed Dacia diminished as a threat to the Romans but Octavian, the future emperor Augustus, had to give the Dacians due consideration at least until he totally defeated his rival Marc Antony.
	infohistory.com /rome3.shtml (0 words)

	Livy's History of Rome
		During this year C. Cicereius dedicated the temple of Monata on the Alban Mount, five years after he had vowed it, and L. Postumius Albinus was inaugurated as a Flamen of Mars.
		Two objects had brought him to Rome, to all appearance honourable ones; one was to offer congratulations on the victory which he had himself helped to win, the other was to complain of an inroad of the Gauls and a defeat which he had sustained and which seriously threatened his kingdom.
		During these late years you have been engaged in war with three kings; let not the fact that we gave no assistance in one war count more against us than the fact that we fought for you in two wars counts for us.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Livy/Livy45.html (0 words)

	The Roman Quest for Secular Order (150 BC to 300 AD) - By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The story of the rise of Rome from a group of hills hosting a number of Latin-speaking tribes--to the position of ruler of all the Mediterranean lands and Europe north and west beyond the Alps--is a story of both myth and powerful fact.
		Rome was tolerant of the social and cultural "pluralism" within its borders--as long as eveyone showed due respect to Roman authorities and their gods.
		Rome was becoming hard-pressed by the Germanic barbarians to the North and Northeast and didn't quite know how to respond to the challenges of the zeal of these people.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /west/roman2.htm (0 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Spanish Wars
		It describes all Roman conflicts on the Iberian peninsula from the moment on which they conquered the Mediterranean coast during the war against Hannibal Barca until the final pacification by the emperor Augustus.
		Having asked and obtained 5,000 allies from the Belli and Titthi, he sent them against Viriathus who slew them all, so that there was not one left to tell the tale.
		As Carthage and Greece had been but recently conquered, and the third [3] Macedonian war brought to a successful end, in order that he might spare the soldiers who had just returned from those places, he chose young men who had never been engaged in war before, to the number of two legions.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_spain_13.html (0 words)

	Spanish Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The often dubious loyalty of Spanish auxiliaries during the Second Punic war had proved a major problem for both Rome and Carthage.
		After reassuring his remaining Celtiberian allies of their protection, Cato marched against the enemy camp at Emporiae where he tested the strength of his raw recruits by sending them in raids against enemy foragers.
		The defeated praetors were eager to redeem themselves but knew that their army in its present shape was low on supplies, allies, morale and training.
	www.unrv.com /empire/spanish-wars.php (0 words)

	Legion XXIV - Time Line of Republican Rome
		415-413 Siege of Syracuse (east coast of Sicely), Peloponnesian War (431-404), Athenians (22,000) attempt to capture Syracuse from the Spartans (22,000) and are defeated, marking the beginning of the decline of Athens and the rise of Sparta.
		207 BC Battle of Metaurus (south of Fano on Adriatic coast of Italy), 2nd Punic War (219-202) where Marcus Livius and Claudius Nero and Roman force of 50,000 defeated a Carthginian army (50,000 with war elephants) under Hasdrubal (brother of Hannibal) and was the turning point in expelling the Carthginians from Italy.
		168 BC June 22, Battle of Pydna (eastern Greece), Third Macedonian War (172-167) ends with the defeat of Perseus of Macedon (son of Philip V) and his army of 44,000 by Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Roman force of 25,000 after which Macedonia (Greece) becomes a Roman Province.
	www.legionxxiv.org /republictimeline (0 words)

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