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Topic: Allopurinol

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	Gout Treatment with Allopurinol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.
		By inhibiting xanthine oxidase, allopurinol and its metabolite block conversion of the oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) to uric acid, thus decreasing serum and urine concentrations of uric acid.
		Allopurinol is used to lower serum and urinary uric acid concentrations in the management of primary and secondary gout.
	www.nutramed.com /Gout/allopurinol.htm (1042 words)

	Data Sheet
		Allopurinol and its main metabolite oxipurional lower the level of uric acide in plasma and urine by inhibition of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.
		Allopurinol is negligibly bound by plasma proteins and therefore variations in protein binding are not thought to significantly alter clearance.
		Since allopurinol and its metabolites are excreted by the kidney, impaired renal function may lead to retention of the drug and/or its metabolites with consequent prolongation of plasma half-lives.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /Profs/datasheet/a/Allohexaltab.htm (2536 words)

	Zyloric / Allopurinol / Order
		Allopurinol and its main metabolite oxipurinol lower the level of uric acid in plasma and urine by inhibition of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.
		Approximately 20% of the ingested allopurinol is excreted in the faeces.
		Elimination of allopurinol is mainly by metabolic conversion to oxipurinol by xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase, with less than 10% of the unchanged drug excreted in the urine.
	www.anagen.net /zyloric.htm (2381 words)

	Allopurinol - Allopurinol Side Effects - Allopurinol Information - Canada Pharmacy - Canada Drugs
		Allopurinol may be given prophylactically to prevent tissue urate deposition or renal calculi as well as acute urate nephropathy and resultant renal failure in patients with leukemias, lymphomas or other malignancies who are receiving radiation therapy or antineoplastic drugs that will result in elevated serum uric acid concentrations.
		Allopurinol is not effective for the treatment of acute gouty attacks since it has no anti-inflammatory action and may intensify and prolong inflammation during the acute phase.
		Because allopurinol concentrations are difficult to determine and because serum concentrations may not adequately reflect the amount of drug bound to xanthine oxidase in the tissues, serum urate concentrations should be used to monitor therapy.
	www.rxcarecanada.com /Allopurinol.asp (2392 words)

	Allopurinol for gout - [Medication]
		Allopurinol may also be used for the prevention of kidney disease in people going through medication treatment for cancer.
		Allopurinol should not be started for the first time by people who are still having symptoms caused by a gout attack.
		Allopurinol should not be used until the symptoms of a gout attack are gone.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/drug/hw66767/detail.htm (539 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Allopurinol
		Allopurinol is used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the body caused by certain cancer medications, and kidney stones.
		Allopurinol may increase the number of gout attacks during the first few months that you take it, although it will eventually prevent attacks.
		Allopurinol is also sometimes used to treat seizures, pain caused by pancreas disease, and certain infections.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682673.html (795 words)

	Allopurinol Drug Information
		Allopurinol (al-oh-PURE-i-nole) is used to treat chronic gout (gouty arthritis).
		Allopurinol is also used to prevent or treat other medical problems that may occur if too much uric acid is present in the body.
		Allopurinol may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally.
	www.drugs.com /cons/Allopurinol.html (2112 words)

	Howstuffworks "Allopurinol: A Profile of an Antigout Drug"
		Allopurinol should not be used to treat acute gout attacks.
		Allopurinol can also increase the blood levels, therapeutic effects, and toxicity of mercaptopurine, azathioprine, oral anticoagulants (blood thinners), and theophylline.
		Although allopurinol appears to be safe in animals, studies in pregnant women have not been conducted.
	health.howstuffworks.com /define-allopurinol.htm (736 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Allopurinol (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Allopurinol will not relieve a gout attack that has already started.
		There is no specific information comparing use of allopurinol in the elderly with use in other age groups.
		The total amount of allopurinol is usually not more than 800 mg a day.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202021.html (1824 words)

	Heart failure, allopurinol, and mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Effect of allopurinol on mortality and hospitalisations in chronic heart failure: a retrospective cohort study.
		Allopurinol was defined by dose (more or less than 300 mg a day) and duration (depending on whether allopurinol had been started before or since 1993).
		Long term high dose allopurinol was taken by 47 patients, long term low dose by 48 and recent low dose by 72.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/gout/hfalmort.html (331 words)

	Allopurinol
		Allopurinol should be discontinued at the first appearance of a rash or other sign of hypersensitivity.
		Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid.
		Allopurinol is metabolized to oxypurinol which is also an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; allopurinol acts on purine catabolism, reducing the production of uric acid without disrupting the biosynthesis of vital purines.
	www.metagenics.com /ADAM/41/002400.html (1582 words)

	How should hyperuricemia be treated in a patient with allopurinol hypersensitivity?
		Allopurinol hypersensitivity may present with fever, eosinophilia, and rashes that range from maculopapular to toxic epidermal necrolysis.
		It is prudent to avoid desensitization in patients with a history of severe manifestations of allopurinol hypersensitivity such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, hepatitis, or acute interstitial nephritis, on the basis of the largest series published.
		Allopurinol sensitivity in a patient with chronic tophaceous gout: success of intravenous desensitization after failure of oral desensitization.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /ccjm/july2001/monev.htm (914 words)

	allopurinol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Allopurinol is a cytoprotective agent that belongs to the class of drugs called enzyme inhibitors.
		Allopurinol decreases the amount of uric acid made and thus protects the kidneys from the high levels of uric acid in the blood and urine.
		Allopurinol is used in the initial treatment of patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and small cell lung cancer.
	www.cancersource.com /LibraryAndResources/DrugGuide/54,30238 (530 words)

	Allopurinol, renal function, and adverse effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In all patients the initial dose of allopurinol was adjusted according to the creatinine clearance rate, as shown in Table 1.
		During follow up in some patients the dose of allopurinol had to be increased to achieve a sustained reduction in serum uric acid, and in these patients the dose of allopurinol was higher than that adjusted for creatinine clearance rate.
		Allopurinol had been used for a mean of 3.3 years in doses from 100-450 mg daily.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/booth/gout/allorfae.html (463 words)

	INFO :: Allopurinol
		Be discontinued for patients with Allopurinol depressed patients is portion of the mental depression and for the treating.
		Patients with cardiac relief of Allopurinol hypotension and Allopurinol medicine for Allopurinol as antidepressants Allopurinol is known Allopurinol and general Allopurinol by the end.
		Allopurinol when is administered food rather than is used to end of the as antidepressants or check with your to occur Allopurinol.
	hometown.aol.com /dietpills0/Allopurinol.htm (1720 words)

	Zyloprim Side Effects, and Drug Interactions - Allopurinol - RxList Monographs
		Past experience suggested that the most frequent event following the initiation of allopurinol treatment was an increase in acute attacks of gout (average 6% in early studies.) An analysis of current usage suggests that the incidence of acute gouty attacks has diminished to less than 1%.
		Among 55 patients with gout treated with allopurinol for 3 to 34 months (average greater than 1 year) and followed prospectively, Rundles observed that 3% of patients developed a type of drug reaction which was predominantly a pruritic maculopapular skin eruption, sometimes scaly or exfoliative.
		The concomitant administration of uricosuric agents and allopurinol has been associated with a decrease in the excretion of oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) and an increase in urinary uric acid excretion compared with that observed with allopurinol alone.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic/allopur_ad.htm (1327 words)

	Allopurinol Information on Healthline
		Allopurinol decreases uric acid levels in the blood and urine by inhibiting a certain enzyme responsible for production of uric acid.
		The use of allopurinol in pregnant women should be avoided whenever possible because its effects on the human fetus are not known.
		Patients taking allopurinol will need to see a physician before starting therapy and occasionally during therapy to do blood tests for monitoring of kidney and liver function and complete blood count.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/allopurinol (671 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In contrast, minor adverse reactions to allopurinol probably occur in 1.8-2.0% of patients receiving the drug.2514 The cause of severe toxicity to allopurinol, including AHS, is unknown.
		Long- term studies with allopurinol in animals and in man have shown that new enzyme is not induced and that allopurinol is a safe and effective drug for long-term treatment (87).
		The level of reduction in serum urate was similar to that observed in previous studies performed in patients with hyperlipidaemia treated with fenofibrate [6–9].
	www.lycos.com /info/allopurinol--patients.html?page=2 (522 words)

	Allopurinol - Drugs & Vitamins - Drug Library - DrugDigest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Allopurinol will help to prevent gout, but will not ease an acute attack.
		It is also used to help prevent to decrease uric acid levels that occur as a result of some sorts of chemotherapy for certain types of leukemia, lymphoma or solid tumors.
		If you are taking allopurinol to treat gout, you may not have less frequent attacks at first.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,18\|Allopurinol,00.html (691 words)

	Allopurinol - [Alternative Medicine]
		Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to prevent gout and to lower blood levels of uric acid in certain people taking drugs for cancer.
		Allopurinol may be taken with food to prevent stomach upset.
		Compared with people on high-protein diets, people on low-protein diets excrete less allopurinol, resulting in a threefold increase in the time it takes for the drug to be removed from the body.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/cam/hn-1307006.htm (548 words)

	Allopurinol - 2nd edition Information for children and families- Family factsheets - GOSH and ICH
		This factsheet explains what allopurinol is, how it is given and some of its possible side effects.
		Allopurinol is a drug which is given at the start of some chemotherapy.
		Allopurinol tablets should be taken after food and your child will be encouraged to drink lots of fluids.
	www.gosh.nhs.uk /factsheets/families/F040240/index.html (511 words)

	Allopurinol Information on Healthline
		Allopurinol is used to treat gout, increased levels of uric acid caused by cancer treatment, and kidney stones that are caused by high levels of uric acid.
		Allopurinol may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
		Allopurinol is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether allopurinol will harm an unborn baby.
	www.healthline.com /multumcontent/allopurinol (735 words)

	allopurinol, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Singer JZ, Wallace SL 1986 The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome.
		Sommers LM, Schoene RB 2002 Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome associated with pancreatic exocrine abnormalities and new-onset diabetes mellitus.
		Vanderstigel M, Zafrani ES, Lejonc JL, Schaeffer A, Portos JL 1986 Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome as a cause of hepatic fibrin-ring granulomas.
	home.insightbb.com /~rhodesdavid/allopurinol.htm (2186 words)

	allopurinol
		Symptoms of an allopurinol overdose are not known.
		Allopurinol may also increase the effects of the certain other drugs.
		Allopurinol is available with a prescription generically and under the brand name Zyloprim.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/multum/d00023a1.htm (1049 words)

	Allopurinol - Patient UK
		Allopurinol works by reducing the build up of uric acid, which helps to reduce pain, swelling and inflammation.
		Allopurinol is taken on a long-term basis to prevent attacks of gout.
		Take Allopurinol with or immediately after food, and with a full glass of water.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/30002070 (813 words)

	Allopurinol (Systemic) - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although studies on birth defects have not been done in pregnant women, allopurinol has not been reported to cause problems in humans.
		Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur.
		The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of allopurinol.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202021 (1849 words)

	Prostatitis: Allopurinol page
		We have demonstrated in a previous study that urinary reflux (as shown by a high creatinine concentration in prostatic fluid) occurs to a varying extent into the prostatic ducts, and this reflux has been related to prostatic pain and urate concentration in expressed prostatic secretion.
		BTW Allopurinol is used for Gout and the diets for gout forbid alcohol, in particular wine.
		Another reference that I found was at:http://www.karger.ch/journals/eur/eur29-1.htmThis page cited a study titled: "Allopurinol Treatment Results in Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in Prostatic Fluid and Serum of Patients with Non-Bacterial Prostatitis" by Persson, B.-E.; Ronquist, G. (Uppsala), but did not provide a link to a copy of the study.
	www.prostatitis.org /allopurinol.html (2788 words)

	Allopurinol (UK PID)
		Breast milk - Allopurinol and oxypurinol are excreted in breast milk.
		A 15 year old girl ingested 22.5g (416mg/kg) of allopurinol, received gastric lavage within 3 hours of ingestion and 50g of activated charcoal.
		Animal studies: Facial clefts and minor skeletal defects have been reported in mice exposed to allopurinol, but no teratogenic effects were reported after administration of high doses in rats and rabbits.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/pharm/allopur/ukpid02.htm (974 words)

	NEJM -- Febuxostat Compared with Allopurinol in Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout
		P=0.23 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol).
		P=0.16 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol).
		Pacher, P., Nivorozhkin, A., Szabo, C. Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol..
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/353/23/2450 (660 words)

	NEJM -- Febuxostat versus Allopurinol for Gout
		Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
		The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
		P=0.003 for comparison of the allopurinol group with the 120-mg
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/full/354/14/1532 (740 words)

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