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Topic: Alloxan

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	Comparative toxicity of alloxan, N-alkylalloxans and ninhydrin to isolated pancreatic islets in vitro -- Jorns et al. ...
		The in vitro toxicity of the diabetogenic agent alloxan as documented by the induction of beta cell necrosis was studied in isolated ob/ob mouse pancreatic islets.
		These results suggest that the differences in diabetogenicity among alloxan derivatives are not due to intrinsic differences in the susceptibility of the pancreatic beta cells to their toxicity, but may reflect differences in distribution or metabolism.
		Since 3-O-methylglucose is known to prevent uptake of alloxan by pancreatic beta cells, it appears that uptake of alloxan by the cell is not a prerequisite for the induction of beta cell necrosis.
	joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/155/2/283 (366 words)

	Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine inhibits NF{kappa}B activation and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in ...
		Alloxan monohydrate (10 mg/ml) and PBN (14 mg/ml) were incubated in 0.5 g pancreatic tissue for 90 min at 37°C. PBN spin adducts were extracted and analyzed by EPR.
		Alloxan monohydrate (0–80 mg/ml) and PBN (14 mg/ml) were incubated in 0.5 g pancreatic tissue homogenate for 90 min at 37°C. PBN spin adducts were extracted and analyzed by EPR.
		Alloxan monohydrate (10 mg/ml), PBN (14 mg/ml) and increasing concentrations of GSH (0–20 mM) are incubated in 0.5 g pancreatic tissue homogenate for 90 min at 37°C. PBN spin adducts were extracted and analyzed by EPR.
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/full/13/13/1845 (5607 words)

	In vivo and in vitro effects of alloxan on collagen characteristics of bone, skin and tendon of Swiss mice. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alloxan diabetes in Swiss mice induced decreased levels of percent solubility of collagen in bone, skin and tendon both after 4 days (96 h) and 28 days of treatment.
		In vitro treatment of tissues with alloxan in physiological saline did not influence the cross-linking of collagen.
		It is suggested that in alloxan diabetes, metabolites formed in the tissues might accelerate aging of collagen.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_510925.html (110 words)

	White Flour Contains Diabetes-Causing Contaminant Alloxan
		In the research sense, giving alloxan to an animal is similar to injecting that animal with a deadly virus, as both alloxan and the virus are being used specifically to cause illness.
		Alloxan's harmful effects on the pancreas are so severe that the Textbook of Natural Medicine calls the chemical "a potent beta-cell toxin." However, even though the toxic effect of alloxan is common scientific knowledge in the research community, the FDA still allows companies to use it when processing foods we ingest.
		alloxan, the uric acid derivative used to induce experimental diabetes in animals, is a potent beta-cell toxin, causing destruction via hydroxyl radical formation.
	www.organicconsumers.org /foodsafety/alloxan061605.cfm (2000 words)

	Effect of alloxan diabetes on the characteristics of collagen of cotton pellet granuloma and dorsal skin of Swiss mice. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alloxan diabetes in Swiss mice of both sexes accelerated the ageing of collagen in newly formed cotton pellet granuloma concomitant with its similar effect on dorsal skin.
		The degree of response of collagen to alloxanization was dependent on the duration of the treatment and the sex of the animal.
		It is suggested that the physiologically altered state resulting from alloxanization leads to the formation of metabolites that act as promotants of collagen cross-linking in both existing and newly formed connective tissues.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7286650.html (128 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Antihyperlipidemic and antiperoxidative effect of Diasulin, a polyherbal formulation in ...
		The rats were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan monohydrate dissolved in sterile normal saline at a dose of 150 mg/kg body wt [21].
		Since alloxan is known to destroy pancreatic β-cells, the present findings appear to be in consonance with the earlier suggestion of Jackson and Bressler [36] that sulphonylureas have extra- pancreatic antihyperglycemic mechanism of action secondary to their insulin secreting effect and the attendant glucose uptake into, and utilization by, the tissues.
		The increase in oxygen free radicals in diabetes could be primarily due to increase in blood glucose levels, which upon autoxidation generate free radicals and secondarily due to the effects of diabetogenic agent alloxan [49].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6882/5/14 (4237 words)

	Zhang, Hong, Alloxan toxicity to macrophages and insulinoma cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alloxan induces damage and death of pancreatic islet beta-cells in several experimental animal models, thus causing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM or type I diabetes).
		The mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of alloxan have, however, never been fully understood, although an increasing number of authors now suggest formation of reactive oxygen species, targeting the plasma membrane, mitochondria and DNA.
		We conclude that the exposure of cells to alloxan together with a reducing agent created cellular oxidative stress through extracellular formation of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
	www.bibl.liu.se /liupubl/disp/disp95/med466s.htm (462 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseusLinn. reduces blood glucose in normal and ...
		Groups VI to X were rendered diabetic by injecting alloxan (100 mg/kg, i.v) into the marginal ear vein after a base line blood glucose (95.3, 99.7, 105.1, 91.0 and 101.3 mg/dl respectively) estimation was done.
		Alloxan, a beta-cytotoxin causes a massive destruction of β-cells of the islets of Langerhans resulting in reduced synthesis and release of insulin [24-26].
		It is well established that sulphonylureas produce hypoglycemia by increasing the secretion of insulin from pancreas and these compounds are active in mild alloxan-induced diabetes whereas they are inactive in intense alloxan diabetes (nearly all β-cells have been destroyed) [27,28].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6882/3/4 (2145 words)

	Alloxan-induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Triggered by Calcium, Thiol Oxidation, and Matrix ATP -- Sakurai ...
		Alloxan decreased the concentration of Ca needed to induce MPT.
		in mitochondria preincubated with alloxan in the absence of EGTA
		Alloxan, which is a mild thiol oxidant, directly consumes mitochondrial membrane thiols.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/29/26942 (3254 words)

	In vitro toxicity of alloxan for guinea pig B cells: comparison with rat B cells -- Gorray and Fujimoto 173 (4): 606 -- ...
		In vitro toxicity of alloxan for guinea pig B cells: comparison with rat B cells -- Gorray and Fujimoto 173 (4): 606 -- Experimental Biology and Medicine
		In vitro toxicity of alloxan for guinea pig B cells: comparison with rat B cells
		alloxan dose-dependent decrease in subsequent insulin release was found.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/abstract/173/4/606 (348 words)

	Optical measurement of isolated canine lung filtration coefficients after alloxan infusion -- Klaesner et al. 84 (4): ...
		The permeability of the lungs was altered with the use of alloxan
		The extent of injury to the lung caused by alloxan was measured by using MID techniques.
		This small change is consistent with the BV increase being smaller after alloxan injury.
	www.jap.org /cgi/content/full/84/4/1381 (2959 words)

	Szkudelski (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Alloxan and streptozotocin are widely used to induce experimental diabetes in animals.
		The cytotoxic action of both these diabetogenic agents is mediated by reactive oxygen species, however, the source of their generation is different in the case of alloxan and streptozotocin.
		Alloxan and the product of its reduction, dialuric acid, establish a redox cycle with the formation of superoxide radicals.
	www.biomed.cas.cz /physiolres/2001/issue6/szkudelski.htm (259 words)

	Inhibition of glucokinase by alloxan through interaction with SH groups in the sugar-binding site of the enzyme -- ...
		Inhibition of glucokinase by alloxan through interaction with SH groups in the sugar-binding site of the enzyme -- Lenzen et al.
		Alloxan is known to inhibit pancreatic B cell and liver glucokinase and
		therefore, that the mechanism of inhibition of glucokinase by alloxan is a
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/34/3/395 (402 words)

	Lipolysis Induced by Alloxan in Rat Adipocytes is Not Inhibited by Insulin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Lipolysis Induced by Alloxan in Rat Adipocytes is Not Inhibited by Insulin
		It was observed that alloxan in the concentration of 3, 10 and 20 mmol/l intensifies lipolysis in adipocytes in the absence of adrenaline.
		Addition of 20 mmol/l of alloxan strongly inhibited glycerol release in the presence of adrenaline.
	www.biomed.cas.cz /physiolres/1999/issue2/iss2cl5.htm (168 words)

	Mechanism of protection from alloxan diabetes provided by n-butanol -- Schauberger et al. 201 (2): 450 -- Journal of ...
		Mechanism of protection from alloxan diabetes provided by n-butanol -- Schauberger et al.
		and alloxan given at that time produced diabetes.
		observed in fed animals when n-butanol was given 5 minutes before alloxan.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/201/2/450 (226 words)

	Effect of alloxan on permeability and hexose transport in rat pancreatic islets -- McDaniel et al. 97 (1): 68 -- ...
		Effect of alloxan on permeability and hexose transport in rat pancreatic islets -- McDaniel et al.
		Effect of alloxan on permeability and hexose transport in rat pancreatic islets
		The in vitro effect of alloxan exposure on the permeability of collagenase
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/97/1/68 (163 words)

	Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine inhibits NF{kappa}B activation and protects against alloxan-induced diabetes in ...
		injected with alloxan (50 mg/kg i.v.) to induce IDDM.
		EPR spin trapping techniques, we demonstrated that alloxan generated
		alloxan injection, as assessed by an electrophoretic mobility
	www.fasebj.org /cgi/content/abstract/13/13/1845 (663 words)

	Alloxan diabetes and dextran "anaphylactoid" inflammation -- Adamkiewicz and Adamkiewicz 197 (2): 377 -- AJP - Legacy
		Alloxan diabetes and dextran "anaphylactoid" inflammation -- Adamkiewicz and Adamkiewicz 197 (2): 377 -- AJP - Legacy
		Articles by Adamkiewicz, V. Articles by Adamkiewicz, L. Alloxan diabetes and dextran "anaphylactoid" inflammation
		The inhibition of this inflammation during alloxan diabetes
	ajplegacy.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/197/2/377 (86 words)

	Determinants of the Selective Toxicity of Alloxan to the Pancreatic B Cell -- Malaisse et al. 79 (3): 927 -- ...
		The diabetogenic agent alloxan exerts a preferential cytotoxic effect on the pancreatic B cell.
		Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets but much more slowly in muscle.
		These findings suggest that the selective cytotoxicity of alloxan to the pancreatic B cell is attributable to the conjunction of two features: a rapid cellular uptake of the drug and an exquisite sensitivity of the B cell to peroxide.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/79/3/927 (738 words)

	Glucoprivic feeding is impaired by lateral or fourth ventricular alloxan injection -- Ritter et al. 243 (3): 312 -- AJP ...
		Glucoprivic feeding is impaired by lateral or fourth ventricular alloxan injection -- Ritter et al.
		Glucoprivic feeding is impaired by lateral or fourth ventricular alloxan injection
		injections of the diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/243/3/R312 (291 words)

	Effects of alloxan diabetes, anti-insulin serum diabetes, and non-diabetic dehydration on brain carbohydrate and energy ...
		Effects of alloxan diabetes, anti-insulin serum diabetes, and non-diabetic dehydration on brain carbohydrate and energy metabolism in young mice -- Thurston et al.
		Effects of alloxan diabetes, anti-insulin serum diabetes, and non-diabetic dehydration on brain carbohydrate and energy metabolism in young mice
		were almost identical with those seen after alloxan treatment.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/250/5/1751 (320 words)

	Reduced coronary NO production in conscious dogs after the development of alloxan-induced diabetes -- Zhao et al. 277 ...
		After the control experiment the dogs were injected with alloxan monohydrate (40-60 mg/kg iv) over 1 min.
		Plasma insulin levels and body weight were significantly decreased after injection of alloxan, whereas plasma glucose levels were significantly increased.
		After injection of alloxan, concentration of nitrate/nitrite in plasma was gradually decreased and reached statistical significance
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/1/H268 (5812 words)

	Combined gastrin and epidermal growth factor treatment induces islet regeneration and restores normoglycaemia in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Combined gastrin and epidermal growth factor treatment induces islet regeneration and restores normoglycaemia in C57Bl6/J mice treated with alloxan.
		Combined gastrin and epidermal growth factor treatment induces islet regeneration and restores normoglycaemia in C57Bl6/J mice treated with alloxan.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Increasing beta-cell mass and/or function could restore glucose homeostasis in diabetes mellitus.
		METHODS: After alloxan treatment (70 mg/kg), mice were implanted with Alzet osmotic minipumps releasing gastrin and epidermal growth factor for one week.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/10531985.html (245 words)

	Beta cell neogenesis from ducts and phenotypic conversion of residual islet cells in the adult pancreas of glucose ...
		Beta cell neogenesis from ducts and phenotypic conversion of residual islet cells in the adult pancreas of glucose intolerant mice induced by selective alloxan perfusion.
		Beta cell neogenesis from ducts and phenotypic conversion of residual islet cells in the adult pancreas of glucose intolerant mice induced by selective alloxan perfusion.The aim of this study was to clarify the pattern of beta cell neogenesis in the alloxan-perfused, beta cells-depleted segment of glucose intolerant mice induced by selective alloxan perfusion.
		First, duct cells proliferated in the perfused segment, then cells co-expressing multiple islet hormones and transcription factors such as PDX-1, Nkx2.2, Isl1, and Pax6 were observed in duct cells, and newly formed islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) containing beta cells were recognized.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9595789.html (212 words)

	Phospholipid synthesis in lung slices from fetuses of alloxan diabetic rabbits -- Demottaz et al. 14 (1): 47 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Phospholipid synthesis in lung slices from fetuses of alloxan diabetic rabbits -- Demottaz et al.
		Phospholipid synthesis in lung slices from fetuses of alloxan diabetic rabbits
		metabolism, we studied fetuses of rabbit does made diabetic with alloxan.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/1/47 (168 words)

	Effects of insulin and alloxan diabetes on glucose metabolism in rabbit aortic tissue -- Mulcahy and Winegrad 203 (6): ...
		Effects of insulin and alloxan diabetes on glucose metabolism in rabbit aortic tissue -- Mulcahy and Winegrad 203 (6): 1038 -- AJP - Legacy
		Articles by Mulcahy, P. Articles by Winegrad, A. Effects of insulin and alloxan diabetes on glucose metabolism in rabbit aortic tissue
		lipid were markedly decreased by alloxan diabetes, and were
	ajplegacy.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/203/6/1038 (219 words)

	Substrate cardioplegia during hypothermic arrest in the alloxan diabetic dog -- Clancy et al. 31 (6): 558 -- The Annals ...
		Substrate cardioplegia during hypothermic arrest in the alloxan diabetic dog -- Clancy et al.
		Substrate cardioplegia during hypothermic arrest in the alloxan diabetic dog
		In an experimental study, 26 mongrel dogs were treated with alloxan (50 mg
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/31/6/558 (279 words)

	Islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin)-deficient mice develop a more severe form of alloxan-induced diabetes -- Mulder et ...
		After alloxan treatment, the mean OD of in situ hybridization labeling was significantly lower in the remaining
		To further evaluate the differential impact of alloxan in the IAPP
		Ar'Rajab, A, and Ahrén B. Effects of amidated rat islet amyloid polypeptide on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro in rats.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/4/E684 (4163 words)

	Decreases in renin and aldosterone secretion in alloxan diabetes: an effect of insulin deficiency -- Pratt et al. 116 ...
		Decreases in renin and aldosterone secretion in alloxan diabetes: an effect of insulin deficiency -- Pratt et al.
		Decreases in renin and aldosterone secretion in alloxan diabetes: an effect of insulin deficiency
		The effect in the rat of alloxan diabetes (with and without insulin
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/116/5/1712 (214 words)

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