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	Almoravids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		From the year 1053, the Almoravids began to impose their orthodox and puritanical religion on the Berber tribes of the desert, and on the pagan fl Africans.
		The Almoravid power was at its height at Yusuf's death, and the Moorish empire then included all North-West Africa as far as Algiers, and all of Iberia south of the Tagus, with the east coast as far as the mouth of the Ebro, and included the Balearic Islands.
		The conquest of the city of Marrakesh by the Almohades in 1147 marked the fall of the dynasty, though fragments of the Almoravids (the Banu Ghanya), continued to struggle in the Balearic Islands, and finally in Tunisia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Almoravide_dynasty (1502 words)

	Almoravides
		Almoravides (properly Murabtis, the name being corrupted through the Spanish), a Berber horde from the Sahara which, in the 11th century, founded the fourth dynasty in Morocco.
		By this dynasty the Moorish empire[?] was extended over Tlemcen[?] (in modern Algeria) and a great part of Spain and Portugal.
		The conquest of the city of Marrakesh by the Muwahhadis in 1147 marked the fall of the dynasty, though fragments of the Murabtis continued to struggle in the Balearic Islands, and finally in Tunisia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/al/Almoravides.html (1134 words)

	Andalous Moroccan Restaurant - Chicago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was very largely as a result of the of these people, with their refinements and skills, that Fez became a great spiritual and intellectual center whose influence very much reached to the far north of the country and, later, beyond.
		The campaigns fought by the Almoravides were violent and successful and they soon controlled the whole of the south, under the leadership of Ibn Tachafine (the founder of Marrakech in 1062, along with Al Koutoubia Mosque).
		Unlike preceding dynasties they did not move and seize power but were formally invited by the people of Fez to come to the capital and take over the throne of Morocco.
	www.andalous.com /History.asp (2597 words)

	Ghana Empire - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Relatively little is known about the kingdom, with most information coming from Andalusian traders who frequently visited the country, and from the Almoravids, who invaded the kingdom in the late 11th century.
		The growing power of the Almoravides soon led them to launch a jihad against Ghana in about 1076 under Abu Bakr, who conquered it by 1083.
		After 1147, when the Almoravide dynasty collapsed, the Sosso, native, non-Muslim Soninke peoples of Takrur, led by Diara Kante of the dynasty of Diarisso from Kaniaga, reasserted themselves, capturing much of the kingdom, and Koumbi Saleh in 1180.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ghana_Empire (1085 words)

	Almohad
		He even went so far as to assault the sister of the Murabti (Almoravide) amir `Ali III, in the streets of Fez, because she was going about unveiled after the manner of Berber women.
		When their amirs crossed the Straits it was to lead a jihad against the Christians and to return to their capital, Marrakesh.
		Their most effective enemies were the Beni Marin ("Merinides") who founded the next Moroccan dynasty, the sixth.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/a/al/almohad.html (937 words)

	The Great Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The two following dynasties (the Merinides and the Saadiens) continued the use of the White flag as the symbol of the State.
		The Almoravids proved to be highly successful in extending the territory, making it reach as east as today's Libya, north to today's Spain, and as south as today's Senegal.
		While the Almoravids are seen as part of the Moroccan nation, their origin was in the south of today's Mauritania, in Koumbi Saleh.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~abimad/morocco.html (1678 words)

	Middle East Internet Directory - Travel Destination Of The Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Founded in 1062 as the capital of the Almoravide dynasty, it continued in the 12 century as capital of the Almohades.
		With the Almoravide conquest of Southern Spain, Marrakech was invested with the exquisite cosmopolitan culture of Andalucia.
		Under the Almoravides Marrakech became a bastion of Islamic civilization and an intellectual centre where the most famous scholars and philosophers of the age converged.
	www.middleeastdirectory.com /travel/morocco/sight.htm (2533 words)

	[No title]
		Then the Almoravides, under Ali ben Yúsuf, crossed the Straits and established their rule in the Peninsula, to be in their turn dispossessed by the Almohades, another set of Africans, if possible more fanatical and rude than the former, in whose time the Mohammedan power in the Peninsula began visibly to decay.
		During the eventful period that elapsed between the fall of the Almoravide dynasty in 1114, and the crossing of Abde-l-múmen, the Almohade, in 1131, the utmost confusion prevailed in Mohammedan Spain.
		This Abdu-1-âziz, the founder of the dynasty, was the son of Abdu-r-rahmán, and the grandson of Mohammad Ibn Aámir Al-mansúr, the celebrated Hájib or prime minister of Hixém II.
	libro.uca.edu /chronicleofjames/appendices.htm (6298 words)

	The Magic Morocco - History of morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When the dynasty was feebled, Spain and Portugal were turning eyes towards Morocco.At that time, there was another ruler, Ibn Wattas, who came from Asilah to Fez.
		Arrival of Moulay Idriss I in Morocco and emergence of the Idrisside Dynasty.
		Reign of the Almoravides Dynasty, originating from the Sahara.
	www.magicmorocco.com /history_of_morocco.html (3056 words)

	Marrakech, history of the city, Hotel Guest house, riad villa rental in Morocco, Marrakesh, Essaouira (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Founded towards 1070 under the Almoravide dynasty, Marrakech, owes its creation to Abou Baker which chose the site, Youssef Ben Tachefine which transforms a nomads camping into a fortified place called Qsar Al Hajar, and to Ali Ben Youssef which towards 1162 builds a palace and equips the town with public buildings, mosques, oratories, fountains...
		The arrival to power of the Saadian dynasty towards the second half of the XVI century enabled Marrakech to regain its row of capital.
		From 1557 to 1574 Abdallah Al Ghalib, the greatest builder of the dynasty undertook the rehabilitation of the water supply systems and built new buildings and districts and deeply refitted the Kasbah which re-emerged from its ruins.
	www.terremaroc.com /news-marrakech-visites-culture-marrakech-history-of-the-city-news-_169.html (338 words)

	The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor
		An enormous army of Almoravides likewise was brought across the Mediterranean to the South of Spain.
		Some of them spoke out and said that it was the Almoravides who were seizing their choicest lands and possessions They had confiscated their gold and silver, and kidnapped their women and children.
		Yusuf ben Texufin was king of the Almoravide dynasty from 1061 to 1106.
	libro.uca.edu /lipskey/alf6.htm (16477 words)

	The Flag of the Klngdom Of Morocco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The use of the flag in Morocco as a symbol of the state dates way back to the Almoravide dynasty (1062-1125 a d).
		The Alaouites (beginning in the 17th Century), which are the ruling dynasties and the ancestors of His Majesty King Hassan II, were the first to introduce the red flag.
		The green Sulayman star on the flag was introduced in 1912, when Morocco was put under the French protectorate, in order to distinguish the nation 's flag from the others.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Country_Specific/Morco_flag.html (167 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ali, the son of Yoseph ibn Tashifin, Almoravide leader and founder of the city, decreed the death penalty for any Jews living in the city.
		This favorable treatment continued until 1355, partly because of the persecution of Christians in the parts of southern Spain controlled by the Almohads and Almoravides, whose rule eclipsed the cultural renaissance that preceded it.
		Almohadin fanatics succeeded the Almoravides as rulers of Moslem Spain and Morocco.
	www.jewishhistory.org.il /1100.htm (5369 words)

	Tourist Information about Marrakech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Performances are held in every corner of the city, with the centre of the action at the ruined 16th-century Badi Palace, once the heart of the powerful Saadian Dynasty.
		Founded in 1062 by Youssef bin Tachfine of the Almoravide dynasty, the city became the capital of an Islamic empire that spread over Central Spain to West Africa.
		The Almoravid conquest of southern Spain led to an exchange of culture affecting the desert enclave with Andalucian cosmopolitan atmosphere that remained till this very day.
	www.marrakech.city-tourist-information.com (438 words)

	Morocco Historical Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1062, the Almoravid Berbers from Upper-Atlas mountains invaded the plains of southern Morocco.
		The Almoravids (from Al-Mourabitoun, "the peoples of the ribat", a ribat being a military monastery) brotherhood was founded by Sheik Abdallah Ibn Yasin and its first ruler was Yusuf Ibn Tashfin, who founded the city of Marrakesh in 1062.
		He was the son of the founder of the Alawiyya dynasty (Hassanid chiefs) and descendant of the Prophet.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/ma_hist.html (1595 words)

	XenaFanFicCurseConcordancePg2
		Marrakech - Was originally founded 1062 as a capital for the Almoravids.
		star was not used as a symbol of the state until 1062, when the Almoravide dynasty came into control of Morocco.
		Almoravide dynasty, white silk banners were often carried into battle, sometimes with Quranic inscriptions written on them.
	www.charani.org /XenaFanFicCurseConcordancePg2.html (1248 words)

	ENGL 250H at UMBC - Morocco in the time of Shakespeare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The dynasty experienced civil strife and conflict throughout its rule.
		The Almoravides, a nomadic tribe originating from the Sahara, controlled much fo the surrounding area and the gold trade.
		However, this overstraining of resources marked the downfall of the Almoravide dynasty.
	userpages.umbc.edu /~rfarabau/engl250h/wiki/edit.php?page=Morocco_in_the_time_of_Shakespeare (2071 words)

	Chronology of Expansion
		Five different dynasties will assert imperial authority in the next 52 years, but none will exercise much power beyond the Yellow River Basin (see Song, 960).
		His death at age 20 ends the Carolingian dynasty founded by Charlemagne in 800, and the Capetian dynasty that will rule until 1328 comes to power in the person of Hugh Capet, now 49.
		The archbishop of Reims declares that the Frankish monarchy is elective rather than hereditary, denies the claims of the late king's uncle Charles, duke of Lower Lorraine, and engineers the election of his friend Hugh Capet, who is crowned in July and will reign until 996.
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/expansion.html (5909 words)

	ALMOHADES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It originated with Mahommed ibn Tumart, a member of the Masmuda, a Berber tribe of the Atlas.
		He even went so far as to assault the sister of the Murabti (Almoravide) amir`Ali III., in the streets of Fez, because she was going about unveiled after the manner of Berber women.
		When their amirs crossed the Straits it was to lead a jehad against the Christians and to return fo their capital, Marrakesh.
	simplestartpage.com /2301_ALMOHADES.HTML (915 words)

	Jewish Morocco
		Nearby is the Koutoubia mosque, one of the major architectural triumphs of the Almohads, the 12th century dynasty responsible for one of the worst periods of Jewish persecution.
		The eleventh century Almoravide Koubba el Baroudiyn is one of the few architectural reminders of the dynasty that presided over the "Golden Age" of the Jews in Spanish Andalucia and Morocco.
		The Medersa Ben Yusuf, El Badi Palace and Saadian tombs are beautiful demonstrations of the art and architecture of the 16th century Saadians, a dynasty that relied heavily on Jewish traders with Sub-Saharan Africa, including Moroccan-controlled Timbuktu, to finance its wars against Portugal and the Turkish empire.
	rickgold.home.mindspring.com /page18.html (405 words)

	Les sites touristiques de Marrakech
		In the heart of the medina this mosque was built under the dynasty Almoravide.
		Based by the sultan Mérinide Abou El Hassa in the middle of the XIV-th century, this Koranic school was reconstructed completely by Saadiens a century later.
		It is an immense garden extending over several kilometres and dating the XII-th century (Almoravides).
	www.travel-in-morocco.com /avisitermarrakechGB.htm (459 words)

	Not quite Venus from the waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was not born of a sudden springing, fullblown, from the sea, such as was the birth of Venus in ancient mythology: nevertheless, when the hypothesis at last assumed its definitive form, in 1912, nearly 850 years after the alleged event, there was a certain modest drama to that appearance.
		On the other hand, the gradual and hidden infiltration of the various ideological elements - the identification of Almoravids with Tuaregs, the belief in nomadic superiority, racism, and the ambivalent image of Islam - into the body of research was possible because of the methodological decline of African historiography during the colonial period.
		Furthermore, the hypothesis of Almoravid "influence", or Almoravid support for a Ghanaian coup-d'état, is linked to the existence of a strong Almoravid "southern wing" led by Abu Bakr after the division of the movement in early 1070s.
	www.uta.fi /~hipema/Venus.htm (11942 words)

	HISTORY OF MOROCCO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Their origins are uncertain but thought to be Euro-Asiatic, The generic name Berbers, was imposed on them by the Arabs meaning those who were not Arabs.
		which displaced the Almoravides; the Zenata a sub-group of which the - Beni Marin- swept in from the empty region between the Tafilalet and Algeria to become the great Merinide dynasty, were tough, horse-riding nomads of the cold high plateaux of the interior.
		When the dynasty was feebled, Spain and Portugal were turning eyes towards Morocco.At that time, there was another ruler,
	www.mincom.gov.ma /english/generalities/history/history.html (3509 words)

	Marrakech - Holiday Rental Properties, Villas & Apartments, Rent Property in Marrakech
		The modern side of Marrakech with its luxury hotels, banks and streets bursting with motor scooters, blends well with the past in a metropolis made up of the peoples of the Berber Atlas tribes, Mahgrebis from the plains, and Saharan nomads.
		Marrakech was founded in 1062 by Youssef bin Tachfine of the Almoravide dynasty, and his son perfected the city by bringing in architects and craftsmen from Cordoba to build palaces, baths, mosques and a subterranean water system.
		The city walls were raised from the red mud of the plains, with the snow-covered peaks of the High Atlas Mountains forming a backdrop for the city, although they are often hidden by the heat haze.
	www.theholidayexperience.com /client/z_marrakech.php (571 words)

	MCI Tours, Travel Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		There is so much to see the first day exploring, time will fly by.
		Founded in the 11th century by the Almoravide dynasty, Marrakech has a plethora of palaces and gardens to visit as well as :
		Founded in 1070 by the Almoravide dynasty, Marrakesh
	www.mcitours.ma /english/imperialetour.html (518 words)

	Morocco's Royal Family - Page 2 - The Royal Forums
		Morocco was a monarchy way before the Alaouite dynasty which is the 7th Moroccan dynasty so far.
		The first king in the Alaouite Dynasty and grand-grand--father of M6 is My Ali Cherif.
		And the current king Mohamed VI (M6) is the 23rd Monarch in the Alaouite Dynasty.
	www.theroyalforums.com /forums/f74/moroccos-royal-family-4637-2.html (1106 words)

	Al Akhbar Us
		The use of the flag in Morocco as a symbol of the state dates way back to the Almoravide dynasty (10621125 ad).
		Prior to this time, white silk banners were often carried in battle.
		The Alaouites (beginning in the 17th Century), which are the ruling dynasties and the ancestors of King Hassan II, were the first to introduce the red flag.
	www.alakhbar-usa.com /aloumaal3arabia/morocco_flag.html (733 words)

	Marrakech - Welcome to Morocco on The Worldwide Traveler
		This mosque was built in the center of the medina under the Almoravide dynasty.
		They made it into the most important médersa of the Maghreb at that time.
		It's a huge garden stretching over several kilometers and going back to the 12th century (Almoravides).
	www.theworldwidegourmet.com /travel/africa/morocco2.htm (489 words)

	Morocco Historical Flags
		Thus, the Moroccoan flag should then be a red flag with the zul-faqar centered and a red/white border of triangles, all these elements white.
		The dhu-ul-fiqr or thul fuqar or zul-faqar or zulfikar (or any of a number of transliterations from the Arabic) has been used as a symbol of Morocco because the ruling Alaouite dynasty claims legitimacy by virtue of descent from the Prophet's son-in-law, Ali.
		Dhu-ul-fiqr was Ali's sword, the blade of which was split in half.
	www.hampshireflag.co.uk /world-flags/allflags/ma_hist.html (430 words)

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