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Topic: Aloha protocol

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	ALOHAnet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that Aloha protocol be merged into this article or section.
		One of the early computer networking designs, the ALOHA network was created at the University of Hawaii in 1970 under the leadership of Norman Abramson.
		Slotted Aloha was a modification to the Aloha protocol which raised the channel utilisation efficiency up to around 35%.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/ALOHAnet (1833 words)

	Aloha
		Aloha shirt The Aloha shirt, often mistakenly called the Hawaiian shirt by non-natives, is a style of dress shirt origi...
		Aloha Tower The Aloha Tower is considered one of the premier landmarks of the state of National Register of Historic Pla...
		Aloha Township, Michigan Aloha Township is a township located in 2000 census, the township had a total population of 1,0...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/aloha.html (242 words)

	Protocol
		Point-to-point tunneling protocol Point-to-point tunneling protocol (PPTP) is a protocol from 1999.
		Protocol (computing) When used in computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connect...
		Uqair Protocol of 1922 The Uqair Protocol was issued on Iraq and Nejd; and between Kuwait and Nejd.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/protocol.html (1768 words)

	Medium Access Control Protocols Performance in Satellite Communications
		MAC protocols are designed to coordinate the transmission of packets, retransmission of damaged packets, and resolution of collisions among stations during a contention period.
		MAC protocols for satellite communication can be classified based on their functionality with respect to the static or dynamic nature of the channel, the centralized or distributed control mechanism for channel assignments, and the adaptive behavior of the control algorithm.
		The first two groups of protocols are contention-free protocols by either static allocation (fixed assignment) or dynamic allocation (demand assignment) for the channel, while the last three groups of protocols are contention-oriented protocols where congestion takes place on either the data channel (random access) or the signaling channel (hybrid of random access and reservation).
	www.comsoc.org /ci/private/1999/mar/Peyravi.html (7194 words)

	HOWTO - Aloha protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is mainly because the Aloha network service is not yet integrated into the protocol stack.
		The satellite nodes continually transmit Aloha frames to the master, adhering to the Aloha protocol by randomly backing off whenver there is a collision.
		The script measures the efficiency of the protocol by counting the number of successfully used timeslots (ie timeslots where there was only one transmission) and dividing that by the total number of timeslots used.
	www.scar.utoronto.ca /~rogers/vnt/howto5.html (633 words)

	Ethernet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		ALOHA is a multiple-access protocol, used to allocate channels on a multiple-access medium.
		It gets its name from the Hawaiian word for hello: "aloha", since the idea was originally developed by a team of researchers in Hawaii, led by Norman Abramson.
		A system implementing the ALOHA protocol is called a contention system (a system whereby multiple users are accessing the medium, with the possibility of conflicts occurring).
	www10.brinkster.com /blatzmag/aloha.html (99 words)

	Ethernet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The slotted ALOHA protocol works by dividing time into discrete intervals, and allowing only one frame to transmit during this interval.
		The slotted ALOHA protocol is around twice as efficient as pure ALOHA: it can send approximately twice the number of messages without conflicts occurring.
		However, despite this improvement, at best case the slotted ALOHA protocol can be expected to have 37% of slots empty, 37% of the slots carrying successful messages and 26% of the slots will come into conflict.
	www10.brinkster.com /blatzmag/slottedaloha.html (231 words)

	Aloha protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Aloha Protocol is a layer 2 (Layer 2 is the Data Link layer of the OSI model) protocol for LAN networks with broadcast topology.
		It was used for the first time in the Packet Radio System of the University of Hawaii in 1970.
		An improvement to the original Aloha protocol was Slotted Aloha, which introduced discrete timeslots.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aloha_protocol (240 words)

	CS 336 Lecture Notes -- Aloha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As a form of homage, it is traditional to start discussions of contention protocols with a consideration of the first such protocol implemented, the Aloha protocol.
		Consideration of Aloha is useful to illustrate the impact of the choices between slotted and unslotted and between using and not using carrier sensing.
		The key idea behind the difference between pure and slotted Aloha is that shrinking the "window of vulnerability" during which a packet may suffer a collision around the beginning of its transmission is a way to improve efficiency.
	www.cs.williams.edu /~tom/courses/336/outlines/lect12_2.html (1117 words)

	Computer Networks Notes 4
		The 802.11b protocol resembles the Aloha reservation system described in Section 2.1, but does not require participation by a central hub, and does not assume that all units are within range of each other.
		One way to think of an Aloha protocol is that the hub acts as a broadcast medium, reflecting to all units all the messages it gets, perhaps including the packets which have collisions.
		Because the overhead is greater and the benefit for IP and other protocols is limited, it is not clear which of the two standards is in wider use.
	www2.ics.hawaii.edu /~esb/2005spring.ics651/notes4.html (9164 words)

	ofirmie
		ALOHA is a term used to describe a group of protocols used for the radio data transmissions in computer networks.
		This protocol enables the communication between several (more than two) stations, solving problems caused by the simultaneous transmission from many stations, by scheduling time slots to each station.
		The name of the protocol comes from the Hawaiian word used for greetings; the protocol was first designed in Hawaii to ensure the communication between the islands of archipelagos.
	www.skywan.net.pl /eng/strony/echo.html (3482 words)

	[No title]
		There is a related protocol, called “slotted Aloha”, in which time is divided up into fixed length time slots, and stations are synchronized to these time slots.
		Assuming that a large number of stations are indpendently trying to use the channel to send packetswhat is the maximum average utilization of the channel that can be obtained with the slotted Aloha protocol.
		This can be derived the same way we derived the utilization of regular Aloha, except that the probability that a given user’s packet collides with any other user’s packet is half as large (because the interval of vulnerability to a collision is only half as long].
	www.ece.drexel.edu /courses/ECE-S490_TN/sol24rev.doc (566 words)

	Slide
		A medium access protocol (MAC) is needed to regulate the transmissions of the hosts.
		The efficiency of slotted ALOHA is the fraction of slots containing successful transmissions when there are many stations and each station has many packets to send.
		The maximum efficiency of slotted ALOHA is 1/e =.37.
	www.tele.sunyit.edu /ethernet/csma_cd.html (467 words)

	Technologiepreis 1996
		ALOHA channels are part of every wireless and mobile radio network, so that it is probable that the ALOHA protocol is the most widely used access protocol in the world.
		In the late aithties Abramson successfully extended his invention to the application of spread spectrum ALOHA channels, which improved the traffic capacity of the radio channels substantially.
		In view of the central significance of the ALOHA protocol for the whole of modern communication technology, Professor Norman Abramson, Ph.
	www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de /html/T00_e.html (949 words)

	MICS publication: Aloha with Preamble Sampling for Sporadic Traffic in Ad-hoc Wireless Sensor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the performances of the Aloha protocol combined with the preamble sampling technique.
		This protocol is intended for low power sporadic communications in an Ad Hoc wireless network of sensors.
		This protocol can be used to transmit sporadic data traffic or the signaling traffic needed to synchronize a network into a TDMA schedule.
	www.terminodes.org /micsPublicationsDetail.php?pubno=235 (162 words)

	mac
		When a carrier sense MAC protocol is used on a link the stations on the link checks the links state before they start transmit any frames.
		The Aloha protocol was originally developed at the University of Hawaii.
		The pure Aloha version, which was originally used a the University of Hawaii, is much easier to implement than the slotted Aloha but it is not as efficient.
	www.e.kth.se /~e94_rab/mac.html (1030 words)

	A Power Dissipation Comparison of the R-TDMA and the Slotted-Aloha Wireless MAC Protocols - Linnenbank (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: In this paper two wireless multiple-access protocols are compared by their power dissipation for the uplink traffic of a wireless networks.
		After briefly discussing the behaviour of the Slotted Aloha protocol (Abramson, 1985) and the R-TDMA protocol (Linnenbank, 1995), we estimate the energy that is dissipated by the protocols to trasmit a packet.
		We will show that for general loads, the power dissipation of the R-TDMA protocol is far less than that of the Slotted Aloha protocol.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /linnenbank97power.html (452 words)

	Quiz 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The station that is able to transmit its reservation frame successfully (without collision) resereves the channel for subsequent data frame transmission.
		Dynamic channel allocation protocols remove the source of inefficiency in static channel allocation protocols, but introduce other sources of inefficiency.
		Briefly describe both causes of inefficiencies (one for static and one for dynamic channel allocation protocols).
	www.cs.msstate.edu /~cs4153/quizzes/spring01/quiz06.html (450 words)

	CS4251 Homework 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Suppose that the ALOHA protocol is used to share a 56 kbps satellite channel.
		The wireless LAN protocol must be designed to be power efficient.
		However, if the majority of the traffic has a destination outside the LAN, then an Ethernet switch is more appropriate since frames can be relayed by the LAN switch without using bandwidth to the other stations.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/AY2002/cs4251_fall/current/HW2SN.htm (1199 words)

	NetHistory
		But the problem that was not foreseen was that the routing protocols and Internet topology were not well suited for handling an extremely large number of network IDs.
		The lesson is that there is a complex interaction between routing protocols, topology, and scaling, and that determines what Internet routing structure will be necessary for the next ten to twenty years.
		It seems likely that the Internet will continue to be the environment of choice for the deployment of new protocols and for the linking of diverse systems in the academic, government, and business sectors for the remainder of this decade and well into the next.
	nethistory.dumbentia.com /cerf1.html (4512 words)

	Aloha Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The assignment is to write software to simulate an Aloha hub and Aloha end-stations.
		Note that the hub never needs to add a checksum to the packet -- if the packet is received with the correct checksum, it will go out with the correct checksum, except when the "transmission errors" corrupt one or more of the outgoing bytes.
		The end stations are implementing a simple chat protocol.
	jefferson.village.virginia.edu /~luoma/code/chat/AlohaNet.html (1380 words)

	technical paper
		The R-ALOHA protocol is distributed with a bandwidth reservation scheme, and UniLINK is centralized with a hybrid bandwidth allocation scheme.
		It is based on modified TDM (time-division multiplexing) concepts and supports a dynamic mixture of fixed (isochronous), demand-based reservation (dedicated), and random access (contention) regions in a block sync interval or cycle, as shown in Fig.
		Concerning the random access protocols under medium to heavy load, retransmitted traffic dominates and results in serious loss, which is not suitable for reliable and delay-sensitive transmission.
	www.comsoc.org /~ni/private/1997/jan/Lin.html (5820 words)

	[No title]
		To calculate the efficiency of the RAT protocol with M nodes, note that in M(Tix+Tit)+(Tp1 +Tp2+..
		The LLC layer is responsible for transmitting link-layer packets consisting of information bits for higher-layer protocols as well as the destination and source LLC users.
		These users are generally higher-layer protocols, and are addressed within the LLC layer as Service Access Points (SAPs).
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~kassam/tcom370/Notes99-13.doc (367 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		(MAC for short) protocol for multiaccess The importance of ALOHA is that it was the first protocol that solved the decentralized use of a common channel.
		In pure ALOHA protocol we assume that a station can send a packet at any moment of continuous time and (successful) sending takes a unit of time.
		The purpose of routing protocol is to determine, where the packet should be sent.
	www.cs.uku.fi /~terekhov/ptt2003/ptt3_out.html (3404 words)

	NumericWellness
		Aloha Inspirations - Peri Coeurtney Enkin teaches energetic medicine, life purpose and spiritual awakening.
		Emerald Green Donut - Ataana Loa empowers people to activate their own transformation and healing by awakening to the consciousness of oneness.
		Self help protocols, techniques, manuals, practitioners and events, news groups, forums.
	www.numericwellness.com /links.html (1789 words)

	CS522 F2003 Homework#6: ALOHA, Reservation Protocol, and CDMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Learn how ALOHA multi-access protocol, Bit-map (and its improvement) reservation protocol, and CDMA protocol works.
		Stations A and D transmitted a 1 bit, B transmitted a 0 bit, and C is idle
		Measurements of a slotted ALOHA channel with an infinite number of users show that 10% of the slots are idle.
	www.cs.uccs.edu /~swgoold/swgoold_files/hw6.htm (410 words)

	labbook9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		TCP is a method (protocol) used along with the Internet Protocol (IP) to send data in the form of message unit between computers over the Internet.
		UDP is a communications method (protocol) that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol (IP).
		With FDMA the bandwidth of the channel is divided among the population of stations.
	cseweb.uta.edu /~pxnguyen (3193 words)

	The COOK Report On Internet
		Enron is operating an all IP network that it is marketing to aggregate and deliver audio, video and other kinds of web based content to customers by moving the web servers to the periphery of its network which is a private overlay of the public internet.
		New protocols developed far more quickly than thought possible will enable new IP packet networks and their next gen telcos to seamlessly interconnect with the Public Switched Telephone Network.
		By means of interviews with protocol architect Ike Elliott, and with Richard Shockey and Christian Huitema, we review Level 3's IP Device Control protocol in depth and look at related protocol developments.
	www.cookreport.com /past_issues.shtml (9080 words)

	The Stability Region of the Finite-User Slotted ALOHA Protocol - Anantharam (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A version of the discrete time slotted ALOHA protocol operating with finitely many buffered terminals is considered.
		The stability region is defined to be the set of vectors of arrival rates A = (A,..., A4) for which there exists a vector of transmission probabilities such that the system is stable.
		Anantharam, "The stability region of the finite-user slotted ALOHA protocol," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /anantharam91stability.html (424 words)

	aloha - Results By Computer Training Search
		ALOHA and Collisions To control which NICs are allowed to transmit at any given time, a protocol is required.
		Aloha RE: Checking for cookies (Tim) 5/18/2000 3:23:19 AM You would also have to check to see...
		Tags operating at 13.56 Mhz use what is known as the ALOHA protocol [13] for singu- lation.
	www.edcomp.com /results/aloha.html (1242 words)

	networklabbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Initially this protocol resembles TDMA in that the channel bandwidth is divided into equal size slots and are owned by individual stations.
		It can be used to specify a specific network protocol, but if zero is used, the default network protocol for the type of socket selected will be used.
		TCP is a reliable connection-oriented protocol (a set of rules) allowing packets of data from one machine to be delivered without error on any other machine on the internet.
	cseweb.uta.edu /~cvo (4234 words)

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