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Topic: Senefelder, Aloys

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	Alois Senefelder - Definition, explanation
		Alois Senefelder (6 November 1771, Prague – 26 February 1834, Munich) was an Austrian actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1798.
		Senefelder was decorated by King Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria and a statue of him stands in the town of Solnhofen, where lithographic stone is still quarried.
		Alois Senefelder's contribution ranks alongside William Ged's invention of stereotyping, Friedrich Koenig's steam press and Ottmar Mergenthaler's linotype machine in its innovative effect, and it is fitting that Senefelder lived to see his process become widely adopted both for art printmaking and as the dominant method of pictorial reproduction in the printing industry.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/alois_senefelder.php (511 words)

	SD11 - Aloys and All Those Stones
		Senefelder took a position with a printer and publisher and later purchased his own press as he was anxious to print and publish his own works.
		Senefelder went on to make numerous improvements to his "chemical" printing process and was later awarded the gold medal by the Society of Encouragement of England, the highest medal of the Polytechnische Verein fur Baiern, the gold honorary medal of the order for Civilverdienst of the Bavarian Crown together with many other prizes.
		Senefelder also developed a system of spreading a solution of stone over the surface of card or paper so that this could be treated as a "plate".
	www.hewit.com /sd11-aloy.htm (2007 words)

	Polymetaal, Lithography, definition and historical outline. Beguin.
		At first Senefelder tried to cut relief letters into copper plates (in reverse, so that when printed they would be right side up) but the difficulties encountered were such that he soon turned to a kind of stone easily found where he lived.
		As of 1799 Senefelder was given exclusive printing rights by the king of Bavaria and in 1800 he claimed a patent from the British Patent Office in London.
		At the time of Senefelder's death (who was a typical case of an inventor who did not know how to make the most of his work) lithography was already a popular art and Gericault, Gros, Charlet, Goya, Delacroix, and Daumier had already done some drawing on lithographic stones.
	www.polymetaal.nl /beguin/mapl/lithography/lithodefinition.htm (2154 words)

	Alois Senefelder Summary
		Senefelder was also able to exploit the potential of lithography as a medium for art.
		Senefelder was decorated by King Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria and a statue of him stands in the town of Solnhofen, where lithographic stone is still quarried.
		Alois Senefelder's contribution ranks alongside William Ged's invention of stereotyping, Friedrich Koenig's steam press and Ottmar Mergenthaler's linotype machine in its innovative effect.
	www.bookrags.com /Alois_Senefelder (993 words)

	Aloys Senefelder - Encyclopedia.com
		Lithography began in 1796 with the playwright Aloys Senefelder who used a type of Bavarian limestone which even today is considered the best material for art lithography.
		Developed by Aloys Senefelder in Bavaria between 1796 and 1798, lithography made it possible to draw directly on the stone from which the print...
		In 1798, actor Aloys Senefelder invented the process of lithography, drawing on limestone with a grease crayon to create reproducible images.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Senefeld.html (658 words)

	Aloys Senefelder - Encyclopedia.com
		Senefelder was a jack of many trades, including...
		Naples and Sicily, died in battle, 1266; Thomas d'Urfey, satirist, 1723; John Philip Kemble, actor-manager, 1823; Aloys Senefelder, inventor of lithography, 1834; Frederick Tennyson, poet, 1898; Richard Jordan Gatling, inventor of the Gatling gun...
		Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads, of Malthus's notorious Essay on Population, of the invention of lithography by Aloys Senefelder.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Senefeld.asp (658 words)

	Senefelder Aloys: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		It was invented in 1798 by Aloys Senefelder of Bavaria, who, in his efforts...Quarterly, Vol.
		SENEFELDER, ALOYS a lous za n fel d r, a lois, 1771 1834, German lithographer, b.
		The process was invented c.1796 by the playwright Aloys Senefelder, and the Bavarian limestone that he employed is still considered the best material for art lithography.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101270224 (682 words)

	PRINTING TECHNIQUES,
		The underlying principles were established at the end of the 18th century by a German map inspector, Aloys Senefelder (1771–1834), who was experimenting with methods of producing limestone relief printing surfaces using an acid etching process.
		Senefelder found that a wet limestone surface would repel an oil-based printing ink, and that an image drawn on the surface with a grease pencil would repel water and attract ink.
		By the late 19th century, multiple stones were being used to transfer as many as 30 separate colors to a single sheet of paper to produce exquisite color lithographs that resembled fine watercolor paintings.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=219848 (3282 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aloys Senefelder
		Principally known as the inventor of lithography, b.
		The young Senefelder studied at Munich, and received a scholarship of 120 florins a year for his diligence, which enabled him to study jurisprudence at
		The death of his father in 1791 forced him to cease his studies in order to help support his mother and a family of eight sisters and brothers.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13714b.htm (434 words)

	The Sorcery of the Stone -- Friday, Jan. 19, 1962 -- Page 1 -- TIME
		Johann Nepomuk Franz Aloys Senefelder, born in 1771, was lithography's inventor.
		Senefelder started out to be a playwright; his first play was called Der Madchenkenner (The Man Who Knew Girls), and he played the lead with lusty success.
		Senefelder could now transfer his de sign to paper in a simple hand press, though the wetting and inking had to be repeated for each lithograph made.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,895857,00.html (747 words)

	Senefelder, Aloys (1771-1834)
		Aloys Senefelder was the son of a well known German actor.
		He studied at Munich and wanted to join the theatre as well.
		Alois Senefelder's grave at the Alte Südfriedhof, Munich.
	www.xs4all.nl /~androom/biography/p021203.htm (166 words)

	Steindruck und autographierte Vorlesungshefte zur Mathematik
		Senefelder übte auch das Schreiben von Spiegelschrift auf Kupfer- oder Zinnplatten und experimentierte mit „chemischer Tinte“.
		Senefelder verwendete eine von ihm 1797 selbstgebaute hölzerne Stangenpresse, auch Galgenpresse genannt.
		Königliche alleinprivilegirte Steindruckerey von Aloys Senefelder, Franz Gleißner and
	www.stiftung-teubner-leipzig.de /1989-weiss-juergen-steindruck-und-autographierte-vorlesungshefte-zur-mathematik.htm (1604 words)

	Senefelder - Research the news about Senefelder - from HighBeam Research
		Senefelder also sounded the first school of lithography in Offenbach, as well as created the process of color printing...
		Developed by Aloys Senefelder in Bavaria between 1796 and 1798, lithography made it possible to draw directly on the stone from which the print would be...
		The process was invented c.1796 by the playwright Aloys Senefelder, and the Bavarian limestone that he employed is still considered the best material for art lithography.
	www.highbeam.com /search.aspx?q=Senefelder,&ref_id=ency_botnm (947 words)

	Aloys SENEFELDER (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Todo comenzó una mañana de 1796, cuando Aloys Senefelder, dramaturgo y músico, escribió la lista de ropa que iba llevarse la lavandera, sobre lo único que tenia a mano, una piedra pulida, con un lápiz graso.
		Senefelder, quien buscaba un método barato de impresión comercial para difundir sus obras de teatro y sus partituras, experimentó a partir de entonces con aquella y otras piedras, basándose en la sabida falta de
		SENEFELDER muere en 1834 en Munich ; la inscripción de su monumento está grabada sobre una piedra litográfica.
	www.sitographics.com /conceptos/temas/biografias/senefelder.html (375 words)

	The process of lithography
		Artists of every variety have at one time or another made a few prints by this method, even though they were pulled from professional printers.
		The process was discovered by a German map inspector named Aloys Senefelder in 1798.
		Senefelder found that if a drawing were made on a flat piece of limestone with a greasy crayon, the lines would attract and hold an oily or greasy ink when the stone was wet, whereas other portions of the stone would take no ink.
	www.fsus.fsu.edu /SchoolInformation/SchoolRelations/Partnerships/Exhibitions/walmsley/print.html (379 words)

	Lithographs Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aloys Senefelder, a man who aspired to be a dramatic author, saw some writing from a washing bill transferred to the stone against which it had been pressed.
		He seems quickly to have realized the implications of a process he called "Chemical Printing." He took out patents for his invention and in a few years the first books with lithographs were published.
		Senefelder also pioneered using materials like zinc instead of stone plates, and the use of transfer paper to take original designs from other mediums to plates.
	www.harappa.com /lith/lithint.html (413 words)

	Prague Lithography Senefelder On-line gallery Charities FREE samples submissions and postcards
		senefelder (or krasnopolnik, my nicknames) has drawn two lithographs of Prague creating a clear, concise and contemporary picture of the Capital of the Czech Republic, where the inventor of lithography A.
		Senefelder was born more than 200 years ago.
		A few words on Senefelder's life and his invention: lithography.
	www.geocities.com /senefelder.geo (223 words)

	Tamarind Institute Lithographic Process
		Basically, it is a print made by using a press to transfer an image that was created initially on stone or metal plate to paper.
		Aloys Senefelder, who invented lithography in 1798, preferred to call it "chemical printing", since the process depends on the chemical interaction of grease, nitric acid, gum arabic, and water, rather than the stone from which the name lithography is derived.
		Although the term can refer to commercially reproduced images, such as those on posters or in magazines, at Tamarind a lithograph is an image made by an artist who works closely with an artisan printer.
	www.unm.edu /~tamarind/process.html (1127 words)

	Printmakers' Network of Southern New England
		The process of lithography was invented in the 1790’s by Aloys Senefelder in Munich, Germany.
		Senefelder, an impoverished writer, was trying to develop an inexpensive way to publish his plays.
		After accidentally discovering the effects of greasy ink on limestone, he patented the process and spent the rest of his life perfecting it.
	printmakersnetwork.org /process.html (373 words)

	Aloys Senefelder (1771 - 1834) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Aloys Senefelder, Portrait of Le General Reynier, 18th - 19th century
		Aloys Wachlmayr (Aloys Wach), Christ and Mary, 1918
		Aloys Wachlmayr (Aloys Wach), Peasants War of 1676 in Austria, 19th century
	wwar.com /masters/s/senefelder-aloys.html (183 words)

	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec - Lithographic Poster of Aristide Bruant: "Ambassadeurs" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ithography was invented in 1798 by Aloys Senefelder.
		Not all limestone works; stone from the Bavarian quarries where Senefelder developed the process is needed.
		Since these quarries are now nearly exhausted, artists have turned to sheets of aluminum or zinc if they cannot obtain the preferable limestone.
	artchive.com /lautrec/lithography.html (443 words)

	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec - Lithographic Poster of Aristide Bruant: "Ambassadeurs"
		ithography was invented in 1798 by Aloys Senefelder.
		This printing process is based on the principle that oil and water do not mix.
		Not all limestone works; stone from the Bavarian quarries where Senefelder developed the process is needed.
	www.artchive.com /lautrec/lithography.html (443 words)

	Alois Senefelder at AllExperts
		Johann Alois Senefelder (6 November 1771, Prague – 26 February 1834, Munich) was an Austrian actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1798.
		He then discovered that this could be extended to allow printing from the flat surface of the stone alone, the first planographic process in printing.
		* THE INVENTION OF LITHOGRAPHY by Alois Senefelder, (English translation, 1911) (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)
	en.allexperts.com /e/a/al/alois_senefelder.htm (556 words)

	AllRefer.com - Aloys Senefelder (Libraries, Books, And Printing, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Libraries, Books, And Printing, Biographies > Aloys Senefelder
		Aloys Senefelder[A´lOUs zA´nufel´´dur, A´lois] Pronunciation Key, 1771–1834, German lithographer, b.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Aloys Senefelder
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Senefeld.html (162 words)

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