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Topic: Alpha carbon

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Amino Acid
		In the alpha amino acids, the amino and carboxylate groups are attached to the same carbon, which is called the α–carbon.
		The various alpha amino acids differ in which side chain (R group) is attached to their alpha carbon.
		The chelating agents EDTA and nitriloacetic acid are alpha amino acids that are industrially synthesized (sometimes from naturally occurring amino acids).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Amino-Acid (675 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The alpha carbon in organic chemistry refers to the first carbon after the carbon that attaches to the functional group (the carbon is attached at the first, or alpha, position).
		A hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon is called an "alpha-hydrogen" (Î±-hydrogen), a hydrogen on the beta-carbon is a beta-hydrogen, and so on.
		This naming standard is sometimes considered to be not in compliance with IUPAC nomenclature (which encourages that carbons be identified by number, not by Greek letter); but it nonetheless remains very popular, particularly because it is useful in identifying the relative location of carbons to other functional groups (often a carbonyl).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=alpha_carbon (503 words)

	Enolates and the Aldol Reactions
		It can react either at the alpha carbon (which bears some electron density) or at the oxygen (which also is a basic site).
		Earlier we found that the carbon nucleophile of a Grignard reagent was very important as a synthetic tool.
		Since that carbon already lost one hydrogen in forming the enolate intermediate essential to the aldol addition, it must have had two hydrogens in the original aldehyde.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/a-carbaldol.html (971 words)

	Process for polymerization of olefins and polymerization catalyst (US5028671)
		None of these patent documents, however, disclose catalysts comprising as components organosilicon compounds in which at least two alkyl groups with at least 3 carbon atoms are bonded to the silicon atom, or organosilicon compounds in which an arylalkyl group is bonded to the silicon atom.
		Likewise, the alkyl moiety having a tertiary alpha-carbon atom means a group resulting from substitution of three groups selected from the class consisting of alkyl and aryl groups for all hydrogen atoms of the methyl group.
		When the process of this invention is used for olefin polymerization, the use of hydrogen in an attempt to obtain a polymer having a high melt flow rate does not lead to a reduction in stereoregularity index and in activity.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05028671__ (4302 words)

	3,5-Disubstituted-4-hydroxybenzyl derivative - Patent 4038327
		A new class of 3,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxybenzyl derivatives is described wherein the substituents in the 3,5-position are not branched on the alpha carbon atom but has at least one branch on the beta carbon.
		The new class of 3,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxybenzyl derivatives are unexpectedly good antioxidants for polyolefins compared to those derivatives wherein the substituents in the 3,5-position are branched on the alpha carbon atom.
		In conducting this process a monohydric alcohol containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4038327.html (1448 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Enol
		Enols (also known as alkenols) are alkenes with a hydroxyl group affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the double bond.
		The resonance of the enol is exactly analogous to that used to explain the acidity of phenols and consists of the delocalisation of the enolate ion's negative charge to the alpha carbon.
		In ketones (a type of carbonyl) with acidic α-hydrogens on either side of the carbonyl carbon, selectivity of deprotonation may be achieved to generate the enolate directly from the ketone.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Enol (526 words)

	[No title]
		The one carbon atom of acetyl CoA is completly removed as CO2 in the first round of TCA cycle.
		Draw the structure of citric acid and succinic acid and mark the position of radioactive carbon atom when methyl caron atom in acetyl CoA is labelled with C-14 radioactive isotope undergoes the 1st and second round of TCA cycle.
		Cellulose is is a glucose polymer with alpha 1-4 linkage.
	bioserver.myongji.ac.kr /bioscience/faculty/problemset.txt (15466 words)

	Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymers - Patent 4076911
		The method of claim 1 wherein said ratio of ethylene to carbon monoxide is within the range of about 2/3 to about 7/3 and said alkanoic acid is acetic acid having at least 1 halo group on the alpha carbon atom.
		The ethylene and carbon monoxide monomers polymerize on or are terminated by the alpha carbon of the acid, displacing a halo group therefrom.
		The bomb was pressured to 400 psi with ethylene and to 800 psi with carbon monoxide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4076911.html (2255 words)

	MAST634 Stevens
		One of the main uses of this enzyme in plants is in C4 and CAM carbon assimilation pathways.
		Malate is the four carbon sugar that is decarboxylated by NADP+-malic enzyme to concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO.
		The main difference in the red section is the addition of an alpha helix structure that is not seen in the arabidopsis model.
	www.udel.edu /chem/bahnson/Biochem3D/Projects/Stevens/index.html (648 words)

	Introduction to fats
		This carbon is known as the alpha carbon.
		For the convenience of nutritionists, the carbon at the other end of the fatty acid is called the omega carbon.
		Alpha and omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.
	www.beloit.edu /~nutritio/Nfiles/N105fat.htm (710 words)

	[No title]
		The alpha carbon of one aldehyde molecule loses a proton and acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl carbon of a second aldehyde molecule.
		Because vigorous conditions are used, a double bond is formed between the alpha carbon and the carbonyl carbon.
		The nucleophilic enolate anion is formed on the alpha C of cyclohexanone attacks the electrophilic carbonyl C of benzaldehyde.
	www.du.edu /~jhornbac/organic/oldexams/f98-1/q3pe1ans1.html (398 words)

	Flagellar Hook
		Rotation of a fragment of the flagellar hook with backbone traces for all alpha carbons, in Chime.
		Portion of flagellar hook rotating, all alpha carbon atoms.
		Only the alpha carbon atoms from the aligned PDB files were used in the morph.
	molvis.sdsc.edu /atlas/morphs/flaghook (2061 words)

	Alpha carbon - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The alpha carbon in organic chemistry refers to the first carbon after the carbon that attaches to the functional group (the carbon is attached at the first, or alpha, position).
		This naming standard is sometimes considered to be not in compliance with IUPAC nomenclature (which encourages that carbons be identified by number, not by Greek letter); but it nonetheless remains very popular, particularly because it is useful in identifying the relative location of carbons to other functional groups (often a carbonyl).
		In ketones (a type of carbonyl) with acidic alpha hydrogen atoms on either side of the carbonyl carbon, selectivity of deprotonation may be achieved under select conditions.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Alpha_carbon (529 words)

	Venus Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This high temperature is primarily due to a runaway greenhouse effect caused by the heavy atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
		Alpha Regio, a topographic upland approximately 1300 kilometers across, is centered on 25 degrees south latitude, 4 degrees east longitude.
		The radar-bright area of Alpha Regio is characterized by multiple sets of intersecting trends of structural features such as ridges, troughs, and flat-floored fault valleys that, together, form a polygonal outline.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/venus.htm (2376 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6.
		Carbon was not created during the Big Bang due to the fact that it needs a triple collision of alpha particles (helium nuclei) to be produced.
		The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2Fcarbon (2255 words)

	Fats, Oils, Fatty Acids, Triglycerides - Chemical Structure (Page 1 of 3)
		By convention, the carbon of the carboxyl group is carbon number one.
		Thus, "9,12-octadecadienoic acid" indicates that there is an 18-carbon chain (octa deca) with two double bonds (di en) located at carbons 9 and 12, with carbon 1 constituting a carboxyl group (oic acid).
		The "alpha" carbon is the carbon closest to the carboxyl group (carbon number 2), and the "omega" is the last carbon of the chain because omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet.
	www.scientificpsychic.com /fitness/fattyacids.html (895 words)

	Molecular Surfaces: Physical Molecular Models
		These models are based on an idealization or simplification of the polypeptide chain as a series of virtual bonds connecting the alpha carbons of a protein.
		Glue is used to fix the torsion angle between amino acid objects and the bend angle at an alpha carbon (originally fixed by tightening the machine crew).
		Before the model is constructed, the protein alpha carbon coordinates must be adjusted so that the virtual bond length is 3.80 cm.
	www.netsci.org /Science/Compchem/feature14b.html (905 words)

	www.alphadictionary.com * Alpha Agora Language Discussion Board - View topic - One of my favorite new idioms is CC : ...
		A carbon copy was the only practical means in those days of obtaining a true copy, so there was no need to state how the copy was made.
		Regardless of its ultimate fate, carbon paper has already left its mark on one of the most recent technologies to enter the workplace: many electronic mail computer programs (Email) include the abbreviation "cc" to indicate the recipients of a "carbon copy" of the electronic message.
		The phrase "Carbon Copy" was used extensively when I was in college (1967-1971) and when I became a civil servant in 1974.
	www.alphadictionary.com /bb/viewtopic.php?t=25 (1496 words)

	An 'Anatomy' Lesson (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The area at the centre of the amino acid image that looks like this is the alpha carbon atom, and this is always bonded to a hydrogen atom (both shown).
		This is also attached to the alpha carbon, and is protonated in solution as conveyed in the image.
		Again, this is attached to the alpha carbon, but loses a proton in slotion as conveyed in the image.
	www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/pps97/course/section2/AminoAcid/anatomy.html (231 words)

	Proton magnetic resonance studies of glutamate-alanine transaminase-catalyzed deuterium exchange. Evidence for proton ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Evidence for proton conservation during prototropic transfer from the alpha carbon of L-alanine to the C4-position of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate -- Cooper 251 (4): 1088 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Evidence for proton conservation during prototropic transfer from the alpha carbon of L-alanine to the C4-position of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
		the alpha carbon of L-alanine to the C4-position of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
	intl.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/251/4/1088 (456 words)

	Messier Object 53
		William Herschel was the first to resolve it into stars, and found it similar to M10.
		Alpha Comae itself may be located by either following the line from Arcturus via Eta Bootis by a further 11 deg to the W, or by following the line of Gamma - Delta - Epsilon Virginis by another 7 deg NNE.
		At only about 1 degree separation to the east, the faint and quite loose globular cluster NGC 5053 comes into the field of view, which is at roughly the same distance as M53 (53,500 light years), indicating that these clusters are also physically rather close together.
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m053.html (574 words)

	Carboxyl Reactivity
		Many aldehydes and ketones were found to undergo electrophilic substitution at an alpha carbon.
		In a similar mode to the aldol reaction, the fundamental event in the Claisen condensation is a dimerization of two esters by an alpha C–H addition of one reactant to the carbonyl group of a second reactant.
		The carbon atom framework or skeleton that is found in the desired compound (the target) must be assembled.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/crbacid3.htm (2310 words)

	Amino Acids
		Our focus will be on the alpha amino acids, those in which the amino group is bonded to the alpha carbon -- the one next to the carbonyl group -- of the carboxylic acid.
		The one exception to this pattern is proline, in which the R group makes up part of a ring which also includes the amino group and the alpha carbon atom.
		For all of the amino acids except glycine, the alpha carbon atom is a stereogenic carbon atom (four different groups attached).
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/aminoacids.html (1917 words)

	Carbonyl Reactivity
		Clearly, the proportion of enol tautomer present at equilibrium is a critical factor in alpha substitution reactions.
		The fundamental transformation in this reaction is a dimerization of an aldehyde (or ketone) to a beta-hydroxy aldehyde (or ketone) by alpha C–H addition of one reactant molecule to the carbonyl group of a second reactant molecule.
		A full analysis of the factors that direct substitution of enolate anions to carbon or oxygen is beyond the scope of this text.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/aldket2.htm (3430 words)

	L-PHENYLALANINE (ALPHA-AMINO-BETA-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID)
		Branched amino-acids (Valine, Isoleucine and Leucine) with tryptophan and phenylalanine (aromatic side chain amino acids) contribute to the structure of protein by the tendency of its side chain composed only of carbon and hydrogen to participate in hydrophobic interactions which determines the tertiary structure of the peptide chain.
		Two groups attached to the same carbon (called the alpha-carbon atom at the end of the compound) are polymerized to form peptides and proteins.
		The carbon atom in the carboxyl group of one amino acid binds covalently to the nitrogen atom in the amino group of another amino acid to form a peptide bond with the release of a water molecule.
	www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/lifescience/foco/L-PHENYLALANINE.htm (463 words)

	An NMR study of 13C-enriched galactose attached to the single carbohydrate chain of hen ovalbumin. Motions of the ...
		were obtained for the individual carbons of the [U13-C]galactose as well as
		alpha-carbon and aromatic methine carbon resonances could be fit to
		carbon of the attached [U-13C]galactose could only be fit by assuming an
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/257/4/1829 (278 words)

	SABBAC: online Structural Alphabet-based protein BackBone reconstruction from Alpha-Carbon trace
		Figure 2 shows the rebuilt structures obtained for the oncomodulin (1OMD PDB code), from native trace (A) and from highly degenerate alpha carbons trace (B).
		Rey A., Skolnick J. Efficient algorithm for the reconstruction of a protein backbone from the a-carbon coordinates.
		Holm L., Sander C. Database algorithm for generating protein backbone and side-chain co-ordinates from a C alpha trace application to model building and detection of co-ordinate errors.
	www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov /articlerender.fcgi?artid=1538914 (2686 words)

	IIT JEE , AIEEE Forum - Chemistry , Organic Chemistry - what is alpha carbon.explain
		Carbon next to functional group is alpha carbon for e.g in CH COOH C in bold is alpha carbon and in CH
		allylic carbon is the carbon attached to another carbon which is attached to double bond.
		carbon attached alpha carbon is called beta carbon
	www.goiit.com /posts/list/organic-chemistry-what-is-alpha-carbon-explain-29492.htm (142 words)

	Best Bike Buys - alpha
		Alpha Q CS20 1 1/8, 41mm carbon fork
		Alpha Q GS-10 all Carbon Fork, 700c, 1 1/8”
		Alpha Q GS-20 all Carbon Fork, 700c, 1 1/8”
	wc.bestwebbuys.com /bikes/search/q/alpha/isrc/Google-i-browse-mfg (544 words)

	Sequence Irregularities
		A single hetero residue will generally not make a gap in the backbone trace, but its alpha carbon position will not occupy a bend in the trace trace since backbone positions are assigned only to non-hetero residues.
		An example is residue 5 in chain B of 1B07.
		Note that the middle of the backbone trace bypasses the alpha carbon of residue 4, and that the trace does not extend to the first and last residues.
	www.umass.edu /microbio/chime/pe_beta/pe/protexpl/helpseq.htm (732 words)

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