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Topic: Alpha diversity

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R: Ecological Diversity Indices and Rarefaction Species Richness data(BCI) H <- diversity(BCI) simp <- diversity(BCI, "simpson") invsimp <- diversity(BCI, "inv") r.2 <- rarefy(BCI, 2) alpha <- fisher.alpha(BCI) pairs(cbind(H, simp, invsimp, r.2, alpha), pch="+", col="blue") ## Species richness (S) and Pielou's evenness (J): S <- specnumber(BCI) ## rowSums(BCI > 0) does the same... Some Hill numbers are the number of species with a = 0, exp(H') or the exponent of Shannon diversity with a = 1, inverse Simpson with a = 2 and 1/max(p) with a = Inf. According to the theory of diversity ordering, one community can be regarded as more diverse than another only if its Rényi diversities are all higher (Tóthmérész 1995). cc.oulu.fi /~jarioksa/softhelp/vegan/html/diversity.html   (602 words)

Species Diversity and Richness Species Diversity is a program to aid in biodiversity studies, offering a wide range of alpha and beta diversity related methods, graphical data representation, abundance distributions, and generation of simulated data. The statistical methods that can be applied are grouped into the following eight topics: alpha diversity, diversity ordering, species richness, abundance, distributions, data simulation, beta diversity and special scores. It offers a wide range of alpha and beta diversity related methods, graphical data representation, abundance distributions, and will even generate simulated data. www.nbii.gov /metadata/mdata/htmlfiles/pisces_t_sprichdiv.html   (352 words)

Biological Interactions and Species Diversity note different measures of (2), especially "alpha" and "beta" diversity (within-habitat and between-habitat, respectively; refer to reading by Whittaker for more) Diversity in an area changes over time as a result of environmental changes, and especially because of ecological succession. species diversity: takes account of the abundance of species. www.umt.edu /geograph/edlund/g446/g446diversity.html   (354 words)

index As a group, the sisters of Alpha Sigma Alpha are involved in various sisterhood, philanthropic, and social events. Alpha Sigma Alpha ~ Beta Theta chapter is located at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan. Central Michigan University CMU, an AA/EO institution, is strongly and actively committed to increasing diversity and providing equal opportunity within its community. www.geocities.com /betathetaasa   (182 words)

diversity In the temperate regions, the web tends to have high variation over space yet low density of variation of species within the same area, a condition called beta diversity by ecologists; alpha diversity consists of high-density variation within the same area and little change over space, a condition typical of tropical forests. Variation from region to region of a temperate forest may be a consequence of diverse historical conditions, such as fire, insect infestations, or other natural changes, together with soil and altitude conditions. An ecosystem is the result of all the biological, climatic, geological and chemical "ingredients" in a particular area. www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/temprain/trdiversity.html   (182 words)

*Galactic-Enquirer message #63 No, my fellow citizens of the Alpha Quadrant, the Dominion decided it on its own, and is grieved and greatly sorrowed that we reply to negatively to what they have to offer. "The rules of the Alpha Quadrant are simple, although Gamma Quadrant seems to have missed that in their professed long and hard research of our governments before moving in. The Klingons are already lost, but for the rest of the Alpha Quadrant, mark my words now, for in future they will ring loudly. www.holotrek.org:1180 /bin/mail?list=list_ge&message=63   (704 words)

Pituitary Adenomas: Screening for G{alpha}q Mutations -- Oyesiku et al. 82 (12): 4184 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1990 G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates. 1992 The G alpha q and G alpha 11 proteins couple the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor to phospholipase C in GH3 rat pituitary cells. 1992 Activation of phospholipase C by the alpha subunits of the Gq and G11 proteins in transfected Cos-7 cells. jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/12/4184   (704 words)

Biodiversity alpha diversity: the diversity within a site, or quadrat. gamma diversity: the diversity of a landscape, or of all sites combined. beta diversity: the change in species composition from site to site. www.okstate.edu /artsci/botany/bisc3034/lnotes/biodiver.htm   (484 words)

Embryonic cardiomyocyte hypoplasia and craniofacial defects in Galpha q/Galpha 11-mutant mice -- Offermanns et al. 17 (15): 4304 -- The EMBO Journal Strathmann, M. and Simon, M.I. G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates. (1992) Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family. q overexpression induces cardiac contractile failure in mice. embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/17/15/4304   (484 words)

St.Clair's Argonaut Forum The star Rasalhague, in the constellation Alpha Ophiuchi at 22-23 degrees Sagittarius, is said to impart the desire for knowledge and education. The diversity of extraterrestrial relationships and factions made it difficult to assess what the strategic implications of working with any one race would be since these extraterrestrial relationships appeared to be fluid. This is also why I tend to give credence to the concept that as this consciousness enhancement exercise called 'awareness' progresses, we will be less inclined to believe in anything that anyone tells us, and more inclined to do our own research and to base our 'convictions' on something akin to 'knowledge'. 216.198.243.200 /tylersword/Forum/post.asp?method=Reply&TOPIC_ID=877   (484 words)

Google Directory - Science > Biology > Zoology > Academic Departments Graduate and undergraduate programs exploring the diversity of animal biology from DNA to ecosystems. Laboratory of Biology of Parasites, Protistology and Helminthology, MNHN, Paris Undergraduate, graduate,and research programs ranging from molecular zoology to ecosystems. en.seekchina.com /alpha/Top/Science/Biology/Zoology/Academic_Departments   (143 words)

T-Cell Receptor Vbeta Repertoire CDR3 Length Diversity Differs within CD45RA and CD45RO T-Cell Subsets in Healthy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children -- Kou et al. 7 (6): 953 -- Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Konno, A., Okada, K., Mizuno, K., Nishida, M., Nagaoki, S., Toma, T., Uehara, T., Ohta, K., Kasahara, Y., Seki, H., Yachie, A., Koizumi, S. CD8alpha alpha memory effector T cells descend directly from clonally expanded CD8alpha +beta high TCRalpha beta T cells in vivo. cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/7/6/953   (143 words)

The SAURON Deep Field: Investigating the Diffuse Lyman-α Halo of Blob1 in SSA 22 On the one hand it is fundamental to establish whether the diversity of structure seen in SSA 22-1 is a generic property of other highly luminous sub-mm galaxies, or whether the deep potential well of the SSA 22 super-cluster is necessary to produce emission of this luminosity and extent. The positions of the two Lyman break galaxies C11 and C15 are marked, along with the position of the submillimeter source (SMM). The variations in line width and velocity are inconsistent with a simple outflowing shell. www.ing.iac.es /PR/newsletter/news7/science2.html   (143 words)

Alpha Gamma Rho at WSU Alpha Gamma Rho offers a character building experience that gives each of us lifelong benefits; we pride ourselves in achieving excellence in all that we do. Furthermore, AGR members keep busy with their fall cruise, an annual formal in Canada, nearly every intramural sport that the University offers, and a diversity of other events. The Sigma chapter of Alpha Gamma Rho first appeared at WSU during the early 1920s. www.wsu.edu /hdrl/Greek/Fraternities/Alpha_Gamma_Rho.htm   (218 words)

Sigma Alpha Epsilon Towson University Homepage, Towson MD. SAE Towson - MD Alpha We have always stood for friendship, diversity, scholarship and service, and the plans we have for the coming year will continue to position us as one of the premiere fraternal organizations on this campus. Official Sigma Alpha Epsilon Homepage for Towson University, Towson MD. Maryland Alpha We are also a proud affiliate of SAE national, the founders of the True Gentleman credo, and the largest fraternity in the world with over 250 chapters nationwide. www.towsonsae.com   (296 words)

Alpha Phi Delta, Chi Chapter - Home Alpha Phi Delta is a lifelong national fraternity of men dedicated to academic excellence, leadership in campus activities, diversity, and community service. While Alpha Phi Delta upholds its Italian-American heritage, the organization is composed of college men from many various religious and ethnic backgrounds. Welcome to the Pennsylvania State University chapter of Alpha Phi Delta National Fraternity--a.k.a. www.apdatpsu.org   (282 words)

Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes (1st) by M. S. Patel , Mulchand S. Patel (Other Contributor) ISBN: 3764351810 Although these enzyme systems have some features in common, there is much diversity in fulfilling unique organism- or tissue-specific roles.These systems have medical importance in areas ranging from defects in regulation (linked to diabetes, heart disease, obesity, nutrition defects), to inherited diseases (in-born errors, maple syrup urine disease) to acquired immunediseases (primary biliary cirrhosis). Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes (1st) by M. Patel, Mulchand S. Patel (Other Contributor) ISBN: 3764351810 Found in all organisms, the alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes have central roles in cellular metabolism and are major sites of regulation. www.campusi.com /isbn_3764351810.htm   (282 words)

Alpha Phi Delta, Chi Chapter - Home Alpha Phi Delta is a lifelong national fraternity of men dedicated to academic excellence, leadership in campus activities, diversity, and community service. While Alpha Phi Delta upholds its Italian-American heritage, the organization is composed of college men from many various religious and ethnic backgrounds. Welcome to the Pennsylvania State University chapter of Alpha Phi Delta National Fraternity--a.k.a. www.apdatpsu.org   (282 words)

E-epilepsy - Mechanisms of action of anti-epileptic drugs - part II Voltage-gated channels are assembled from four alpha subunits, and the diversity of possible alpha subunits leads to a multitude of combinations with different properties. The alpha subunits vary in size; the largest have six transmembrane segments (similar to a single domain of the sodium and calcium channels). There are smaller alpha subunits, which consist of two transmembrane segments that make up the inward rectifying potassium channels. www.e-epilepsy.org.uk /pages/articles/show_article.cfm?id=113   (5899 words)

Diversity Rules Here, a is a positive constant, 'Fisher’s alpha,’ which measures the sample’s diversity, while x is a constant between 0 and 1, which depends on sample size. Diversity is the Holy Grail of tropical ecology.   According to this index, tree diversity for the average hectare of forest at Mudumalai (H'=1.14) is essentially equivalent to that of the mixed forest at Ituri (H'=1.13). www.ctfs.si.edu /newsletters/inside2000   (5899 words)

studyq94.txt On another graph, graph a continuum for a region with high alpha diversity and low beta diversity, but with the same gamma diversity as the first one. Explain how each curve is shaped the way it is. Also mark on the graph the time at which NPP is highest, and the time at which a steady-state is reached. Be able to do the following: 1) Calculate the Shannon index and species richness for a given set of data. www.okstate.edu /artsci/botany/bisc3034/exams/studyq94.txt   (5899 words)

Forty Acres Fest 2002 - Participating Organizations The Texas Alpha Pi chapter of Phi Kappa Theta is an greek social fraternity, with strong beliefs in brotherhood, diversity, and leadership. Alpha Kappa Delta Phi was established at the University of California, Berkeley in the fall of 1989 and recognized by the College Panhellenic Association on February 7, 1990. Alpha Phi Sigma is the largest and most active pre-med honor society at UT. The purpose of Alpha Phi Sigma is to be a resource for UT students by providing information about the medical field, community contacts, mentorship for new students, and volunteer/internship opportunities as preparation for students desiring a future in medicine. studentorgs.utexas.edu /forty/archive/2002/orgs_full.html   (4012 words)

alpha gamma delta sorority The women of Alpha Gamma Delta are known all over campus for their diversity, community service and many achievements. The academic achievements of the chapter are also seen through the numerous 4.0s as well as the many honor societies to which Alpha Gams belong. Hi...Welcome to the University of Illinois Alpha Gamma Delta Web Page! www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Library/8662/agdhomepage.html   (131 words)

Flare Sci-Fi Forums: Cultural diversity rant I think what he intended was that Ceti Alpha VI exploded because of the gateway M'Ress travelled through, but didn't realise that when M'Ress went through it, it had already been destroyed. The question is why P.D. chose to say Ceti Alpha was still there and exploded (again). Not enough time for M'Ress to be on the Enterprise, get transferred to the Einstein (?), visit CA VI, blow it up, then Khan and his cohorts be stranded on a desert world for a decade-ish. flare.solareclipse.net /ultimatebb.php/topic/4/258/3.html   (1614 words)

GamesupGamesActionStreet Fighter Alpha 3 To add further diversity an new system (ISM Select) allows each fighter to function in three subtly different ways. The premise is that a large group of fighters are gathered together to compete in an international martial arts tournament. You choose one of these three modes after selecting your character. www.gamesup.com /data/games/Action/Street_Fighter_Alpha_3.html   (1614 words)

The two-parameter Poisson-Dirichlet distribution derived from a stable subordinator, Jim Pitman, Marc Yor The size-biased random permutation of $\mathsf{PD}(\alpha, \theta)$ is a simple residual allocation model proposed by Engen in the context of species diversity, and rediscovered by Perman and the authors in the study of excursions of Brownian motion and Bessel processes. The $\mathsf{PD}(\alpha, 0)$ and $\mathsf{PD}(\alpha, \alpha)$ distributions admit a similar interpretation in terms of the ranked lengths of excursions of a semistable Markov process whose zero set is the range of a stable subordinator of index $\alpha$. For $0 < \alpha < 1, \mathsf{PD}(\alpha, 0)$ is the asymptotic distribution of ranked lengths of excursions of a Markov chain away from a state whose recurrence time distribution is in the domain of attraction of a stable law of index $\alpha$. projecteuclid.org /Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/euclid.aop/1024404422   (1290 words)

Community Patterns Alpha diversity, anthropogenic extinction, aspect diversity, background extinction, beta diversity, biodiversity, continental drift, convergence, density compensation, ecological diversity, ecological release, endemic, escape space, gamma diversity, genetic diversity, habitat expansion, mass extinctions, morphological volume, niche, niche breadth, niche overlap, niche volume, Pangaea, pseudoextinction, species pool, trophic level. Use the outline below to guide your study of the material in this lesson. jan.ucc.nau.edu /~gaud/bio226/class/commun/lesson4-3-1.htm   (1233 words)

PAST - comparing data sets It may therefore be a good idea to try a number of diversity indices in order to make sure that the diversity ordering is robust. alpha=1 gives an index proportional to the Shannon index, while alpha=2 gives an index which behaves like the Simpson index. Comparison of the Shannon diversities (entropies) in two samples, using a t test described by Poole (1974). folk.uio.no /ohammer/past/twosets.html   (1233 words)

Paleobiology 22() - authorname However, genus level turnover in the Middle and Upper Ordovician is not likely to be influenced by taxonomic bias and appears to be as stable as our estimates of alpha diversity. The apparent decoupling of local species diversity from global taxonomic diversity suggests that factors such as declining provinciality during the Ordovician (Whittington and Hughes 1972) may be important in the history of the group. The Ordovician Radiation was also alive and well in Middle Ordovician of western New York, a major source of information in Sepkoski and Miller's study (1985: p. www.uic.edu /orgs/paleo/24-4/Pb244Wes.htm   (1233 words)

Summary On the other hand, the species change along the altitudinal gradient in the two moth families was unusually consistent, although the Arctiidae and the Pyraloidea significantly differ in their alpha-diversity patterns as well as in the ecological requirements of the species belonging to these families. The diversity of the Pyraloidea decreased exponentially with increasing altitude. Therefore one can assume that the dry period in the course of the year did not cause a pronounced seasonal effect on the moths in the investigated area, and thus the prerequisite required for using moth samples from arbitrary seasons for the purpose of diversity comparisons were at least approximately fulfilled. www.uni-bayreuth.de /departments/toek1/suessenbach/Dissertation/Summary.htm   (1547 words)

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