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	Alphafetoprotein (AFP) Test by BabyPartner
		The alphafetoprotein test is a simple non-invasive blood test that is used to detect fetal abnormalities during the early stages of pregnancy.
		Alphafetoprotein is an important carrier of molecules in the fetal bloodstream.
		High levels of alphafetoprotein are consistent with neural tube defects such as anencephaly, a condition in which part of the fetal skull is missing and is not compatible with life.
	www.babypartner.com /guides/prenatal-care/prenatal-testing/alphafetoprotein-test.shtml (757 words)

	Alphafetoprotein Triple Screen (Downscreen Plus, Alpha-Fetoprotein or AFP3) by BabyPartner
		Like the alphafetoprotein test, the triple screen test is a simple non-invasive blood test that is used to detect fetal abnormalities during the early stages of pregnancy.
		Alphafetoprotein levels alone are responsible for detecting neural tube defectsAny of a group of congenital malformations that involve the skull and the spinal column.
		High levels of alphafetoprotein may indicate the presence of neural tube defects such as anencephalyA congenital defect in which the brain and spinal cord are absent, the cranium remains open and the vertebral canal stays grooved.
	www.babypartner.com /guides/prenatal-care/prenatal-testing/alphafetoprotein-triple-screen.php (2042 words)

	IZOTOP \| Alphafetoprotein (AFP) ELISA kit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alphafetoprotein can be assayed in the range of 0-100 IU/ml using 100 µl serum samples.
		Alphafetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 65000.
		An elevated maternal serum alphafetoprotein is associated with the neural tube defect (spina bifida) and placental abnormalities, whereas decreased AFP levels in both maternal serum and amniotic fluid are related to foetal chromosomal abnormalities (Down-syndrome).
	www.isotope-inst.com /immuno/ek80.htm (1339 words)

	WOMENS-HEALTH Messages for March, 1998: Maternal serum Alphafetoprotein level (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		She had history of UTI treatment with Bactrim 2 tab BD for 1 week during the first trimester.
		She had her blood investigated for alphafetoprotein at 16 weeks of pregnancy and the result is 42.3 ng/ml.
		What is the normal value of alphafetoprotein at this stage and how should I advise her?
	forums.obgyn.net /womens-health/WHF.9803/1488.html (189 words)

	Alphafetoprotein - Fit Pregnancy: Test anxiety: what to expect if your prenatal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Alphafetoprotein in screening for congenital hypothyroidism Alphafetoprotein (AFP) is a single-chain alpha globulin produced in the yolk sac and liver
		Methylation of the alphafetoprotein gene in cell populations
		Alphafetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis - a preliminary report.
	factor.allinfosites.com /q/factor-alphafetoprotein.htm (665 words)

	Dr. Koop - Amniocentesis- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		One or both prospective parents may be "carriers" of a disorder, or a disorder may "run in the family." Prenatal testing would be done only if the suspected condition can be diagnosed prenatally.
		These defects of the spine and brain, including spina bifida and anencephaly, can be diagnosed by measuring the level of alphafetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid.
		Amniocentesis to measure AFP is offered if there is a family history of neural tube defects, or if earlier screening tests of AFP in the mother's blood indicate that the pregnancy is at increased risk.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/541.html (473 words)

	Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
		Alphafetoprotein (AFP) is a single-chain alpha globulin produced in the yolk sac and liver of developing fetuses.
		When the yolk sac degenerates at 12 weeks post-conception, AFP is produced exclusively by the fetal liver at an increased rate until 13–14 weeks, then declines gradually towards term.
		Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the correlation between AFP and age in years, levels of T4 and levels of TSH in patients with CH.
	www.emro.who.int /Publications/EMHJ/0701/22.htm (3103 words)

	p000320d - Hepatocarcinoma - AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) Diagnosis
		One hundred and forty-seven patients with Child's A cirrhosis and no evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma were followed up in an 8-year prospective surveillance program with testing by ultrasound and alphafetoprotein every 6 months.
		At the time of diagnosis, ultrasound detected focal lesions in all the patients whereas alphafetoprotein was below diagnostic levels.
		Alphafetoprotein has no value for early diagnosis, although its intermediate values (> 50 and < 400 ng/ml) may indicate the presence of undetectable cancer which will appear during the follow up, and suggests that ultrasound should be employed more frequently in patients with these values.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p000320d.html (666 words)

	Alphafetoprotein Weeks Of Pregnancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The diaphragm is a latex cup that covers the cervix in order to prevent semen from entering and sperm from fertilizing an egg to result in pregnancy.
		This type of contraceptive is most commonly used after another form of contraceptive has been known to fail, such as when a condom breaks or in the event of unwanted sexual intercourse, or following unprotected sexual intercourse.
		Alphafetoprotein or AFP An antigen produced by the unborn...
	www.contraceptivesonline.com /alphafetoprotein-weeks-of-pregnancy.html (767 words)

	Radiolabeled antibody to anti-tumor associated antigen and process - Patent 4472371
		Alphafetoprotein (AFP) is a serum protein normally found in the fetal circulation during gestation.
		It should be understood that the procedure of this invention also can be based upon antigens other than CEA which are tumor associated such as alphafetoprotein antigen or other tumor associated markers wherein one or a series of antibodies are produced as described above and the last produced antibody is radiolabeled.
		Polyclonal antibodies to hCG (as discussed in Example I), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alphafetoprotein (AFP) and/or other tumor antigens that can be obtained in suitable quantities, may be prepared by immunizing an appropriate species (rabbit, sheep, goat, horse, etc.) with a semi-purified form of the TAA.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4472371.html (6421 words)

	SLTU Newsletter 5
		The most effective surveillance protocols are still somewhat controversial but we believe that one that involves six monthly liver ultrasound and alphafetoprotein measurements would be a reasonable compromise between workload and detection.
		Whilst we have not established a rigorous surveillance programme in Edinburgh, it is our practice to undertake such regular ultrasound and alphafetoprotein measurements and it is perhaps significant that the majority of patients who have been transplanted in Edinburgh for hepatocellular carcinoma are principally from the South-East of Scotland.
		It is not uncommon for the alphafetoprotein to not be significantly elevated in patients with small tumours.
	www.sltu.org.uk /news5.htm (843 words)

	sacral teratoma - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There is a 10% risk of malignancy, which increases with increasing age of presentation; under 2 months nearly all are said to be benign.
		Investigations should include careful imaging and serum alphafetoprotein and beta HCG levels.
		The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1811546064.htm (147 words)

	Genetics \| GWUMC
		It will be analyzed for three substances: alphafetoprotein (a protein produced by the growing fetus which shows up in the amniotic fluid and can be detected in small levels in your blood), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), (a hormone made by the placenta), and unconjugated estradiol (a substance produced by the fetus and placenta).
		Based on the levels of these substances found in your blood, you may be found at increased risk for a Neural Tube Defect or for Down's Syndrome.
		You will also be offerbed an amniocentesis (placement of a skinny needle through your abdomen into the uterine cavity to take out some of the fluid that is around the baby) to see if the alphafetoprotein is really elevated in the fluid.
	www.gwumc.edu /edu/obgyn/genetics/gendisorders_prenatalscreen.html (581 words)

	Working with Sequence, Structure and Function - Ithaca, NY October 2003
		This exercise is intended to engage students to design, model, visualize and evaluate the theoretical three dimensional image of a protein whose structure has not yet been determined.
		The phylogenetic analysis in Biology Workbench (See files attached) of paralogs and orthologs to alphafetoprotein reveals more divergent sequences within active site domains of related proteins without biological activity and greater conservation of the alphafetoprotein active domain between different species.
		Execise is currently under development to include an exploratory module to investigate evolutionary relationships between alphafetoprotein and its cellular partners Afamin, Vitamin D Binding Protein and Albumin among a number of differnet species.
	bioquest.org /bedrock/cornell_10_03/project_template.php?project_id=51 (208 words)

	Enhanced MSAFP screening
		Most of the AFP is found in fetal, urine which crosses the placenta into the mother's circulation and can be evaluated by testing the mother's level in her blood.
		Thus, MSAFP is a test for alphafetoprotein in the mother's blood.
		Abnormally high levels MAY indicate that the fetal skin is not be intact (as in neural tube defects).
	parenting.ivillage.com /pregnancy/psecondtri/0,,midwife_3p4q-p,00.html (398 words)

	MidwifeInfo.com \| Diagnostic Testing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In this category, the most commonly performed are the ultrasound and the alphafetoprotein (AFP) or triple screen test*, both considered to be safe for mother and baby.
		Requiring only a blood sample, AFP screening measures the amount of alphafetoprotein (a substance produced by the liver of the fetus) in the mother's blood.
		The triple screen, which measures not only alphafetoprotein but HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin, a pregnancy hormone) and estriol (an estrogen produced in large quantities during pregnancy), can diagnose additional genetic problems and is said to be more accurate than the AFP screening alone.
	www.midwifeinfo.com /feature-diagtest.php?print=yes&login=&id=&terms= (2343 words)

	rigo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In order to improbe the attention of the pregnant women by using the alphafetoprotein, an analytic, transversal and retrospective research was performed.
		A total of 186 patients were studied, 62 of them with high alphafetoprotein with the result of predominant high alphafetoprotein in adolescents and aged women.
		The alphafetoprotein proved to be an early predictor of the fetus welfare.
	www.avances.pinar.cu /No.2004-2/rigo.htm (1962 words)

	Treatment of acute hepatic failure by hemoperfusion over baboon and human livers: alphafetoprotein levels in serum.
		Treatment of acute hepatic failure by hemoperfusion over baboon and human livers: alphafetoprotein levels in serum.
		Treatment of acute hepatic failure by hemoperfusion over baboon and human livers: alphafetoprotein levels in serum.The patients had grade IV or V hepatic coma.
		In the patients who died of liver insufficiency, AFP levels increased only slightly or briefly, so AFP could be a good criterion for determining the prognosis for coma patients with this treatment.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/3551387.html (223 words)

	Medical Writers' Circle
		One is a blood test, called the alphafetoprotein, and the other is an ultrasound examination of the liver.
		Other forms of X-ray, such as CAT scans or MRI are even more expensive, but have not clearly been shown to be more accurate than ultrasound.
		None of these tests have yet been conclusively shown to be superior to ultrasound and are not widely available.
	www.hcvadvocate.org /hcsp/articles/Sherman-1.html (1179 words)

	Evaluating fetomaternal hemorrhage by alphafetoprotein and Kleihauer following therapeutic abortions.
		In a survey of 75 patients at 6-11 weeks gestation, fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) was detected by significant rises (>2S.D.) in maternal alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels in 57% of patients, while increased fetal cells were detected by Kleihauer test in 24% of patients.
		With increasing gestation, FMH was detected more readily by both tests; however, in evaluating FMH at less than 10 weeks gestation, AFP was found to be a more sensitive and reliable marker than the Kleihauer test.
		We suggest that there is a gray zone for the Kleihauer test in early gestation, when erythroblasts containing embryonic hemoglobins are gradually replaced in the fetal circulation by erythrocytes containing fetal hemoglobin.
	www.popline.org /docs/0464/009851.html (138 words)

	CancerNetwork.com:Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment
		The follow-up should also entail a routine history and physical exam, concentrating on any palpable cervical lymph nodes, and should include questions about any pulmonary symptoms or flank pain.
		At each visit, serum tumor markers (alphafetoprotein and beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) should be tested and posteroanterior and lateral chest x-rays should be obtained.
		If adjuvant chemotherapy is given to a patient with positive nodes, the probability of recurrence is 1% or less.
	www.cancernetwork.com /consults/ccp9707b.htm (325 words)

	Liver Cancer and Hepatitis Viruses
		The most commonly used serum marker, alphafetoprotein, is a fetal antigen produced by 40%--80% of HCCs.
		Patients with chronic viral hepatitis or cirrhosis of any etiology are candidates for semiannual or annual screening with alphafetoprotein, with ultrasonographic follow-up of those with elevated levels.
		The cost-benefit ratio of alphafetoprotein plus ultrasound screening versus ultrasound alone is still a subject of debate and may depend upon risk factors in the population.
	www.nypcancerprevention.com /issue/5/pro/pro_features/app_day.shtml (1573 words)

	Quantification of alphafetoprotein (AFP) endocytosis by PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from ...
		Quantification of alphafetoprotein (AFP) endocytosis by PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-infected individuals.
		Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) is actively taken up, through receptor-mediated endocytosis, by many embryo-fetal cells during ontogenic development but also by neoplastic cells, as well as by normal peripheral T lymphocytes after mitogenic activation.
		We have previously shown that the ability to internalize AFP is impaired in mitogen-activated T cells from several groups of (HIV+)-seropositive individuals and that this expression roughly correlates with the progression of the disease.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1992/apr/M9240303.html (457 words)

	Sacrococcygeal teratoma and normal alphafetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid -- Szabo et al. 22 (5): 405 -- ...
		Sacrococcygeal teratoma and normal alphafetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid -- Szabo et al.
		Sacrococcygeal teratoma and normal alphafetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid
		concentration of alphafetoprotein in the amniotic fluid is increased.
	jmg.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/22/5/405 (145 words)

	alfafetoproteina (AFP) - alphafetoprotein (AFP) (Spanish to English translation glossary) ginecology,Medical: Health ...
		The KudoZ network provides a framework for translators and others to assist each other with translations or explanations of terms and short phrases.
		Amniotic Fluid Alphafetoprotein (AFAFP) Genzyme Genetics - [ Traduzca esta página ]
		a direct quantitative determination of alphafetoprotein in human serum.
	www.proz.com /kudoz/947415?&print=1 (340 words)

	Role of fetal sex in amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein screening.
		Role of fetal sex in amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein screening.Larger studies are required to determine suitable sex-adjusted cut-off levels.
		We have evaluated, whether elevation of amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein (AF AFP) is associated with fetal sex and whether a sex-related difference can help to identify pregnancies with AFP-associated malformations or fetal loss.
		Pregnancies with false positive AF AFP had a significantly higher risk for fetal loss compared with pregnancies having normal AF AFP (ten fetal losses from 185 versus two fetal losses from 232), but fetal gender had no significant influence.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9241361.html (264 words)

	Neural-tube defect risk assessment for individual pregnancies using alphafetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase test ...
		Neural-tube defect risk assessment for individual pregnancies using alphafetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase test results -- Strike and Smith 35 (12): 1334 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology
		Neural-tube defect risk assessment for individual pregnancies using alphafetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase test results
		be identified by maternal serum and amniotic-fluid alphafetoprotein (AFP)
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/35/12/1334 (177 words)

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