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	Francois Victor Alphonse Aulard Biography / Biography of Francois Victor Alphonse Aulard Main Biography
		The history of the French Revolution was at this time still the subject of violent political passions, for Frenchmen saw in the political problems of the late 19th century the continuation of conflicts and crises that had first exploded in 1789.
		Aulard insisted that the Revolution should be considered with the same critical detachment as all other periods of history.
		Aulard's historical methodology is discussed in James L. Godfrey's chapter, "Alphonse Aulard (1849-1928)," in Bernadotte E. Schmitt, ed., Some Historians of Modern Europe.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-francois-victor-alphonse-aulard/index.html (549 words)

	Francois Victor Alphonse Aulard - LoveToKnow 1911
		FRANCOIS VICTOR ALPHONSE AULARD (1849-), French historian, was born at Montbron in Charente in 1849.
		In a volume entitled Taine, historien de la Revolution frail gaise (1908), Aulard has submitted the method of the eminent philosopher to a criticism, severe, perhaps even unjust, but certainly well-informed.
		This is, as it were, the " manifesto " of the new school of criticism applied to the political and social history of the Revolution (see Les Annales Revolutionnaires, June 1908).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Francois_Victor_Alphonse_Aulard (216 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for alphonse
		Alphonse ALPHONSE [Alphonse], 1220-71, count of Poitiers and of Toulouse, brother of King Louis IX of France.
		Aulard, Alphonse AULARD, ALPHONSE [Aulard, Alphonse], 1849-1928, French historian.
		Alphonse Daudet: dictante dolore.(La doulou, suivi d'extraits du Journal de Edmond de Goncourt)(In the Land of Pain)(ReseÃ±a de libro)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=alphonse (655 words)

	AllRefer.com - Alphonse Aulard (Historians, European, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He was the first professional historian of the French Revolution, and he devoted his life to this study.
		Aulard regarded the conservative interpretation of Taine as prejudiced; nevertheless, he himself clearly represented the republican, bourgeois, and anticlerical concept of the Revolution.
		Aulard's works include several large collections of edited material, notably Recueil des actes des comitE de salut public (16 vol., 1889–1904) and La SociEtE des Jacobins (6 vol., 1889–97); his major studies are Etudes et leCons sur la REvolution franCaise (9 vol., 1893–1924), Histoire politique de la REvolution franCaise (1901; tr.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Aulard-A.html (292 words)

	Jonathan Dewald \| "A la Table de Magny": Nineteenth-Century French Men of Letters and the Sources of Modern Historical ...
		These literary orientations were at the core of the historian Alphonse Aulard's critique of Taine, first presented in 1905–1906 as a course at the Sorbonne, where Aulard held France's first chair in French Revolution studies.
		Taine failed to meet the standards of professional historical study, argued Aulard; his citations were sloppy and partial, and he failed to confront questions that mattered to professionals.
		Aulard, he suggested, explained the revolutionaries' choices as utilitarian political responses to extraordinary threats, to the principles of 1789, and to the nation itself, whereas for Taine the revolution could not be understood as an extension of ordinary life or as following its rules.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/108.4/dewald.html (12550 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Aulard, Alphonse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Some of his students, notably Albert Mathiez, broke with his emphasis and turned to social and economic issues.
		Aulard's works include several large collections of edited material, notably Recueil des actes des comité de salut public (16 vol., 1889-1904) and La Société des Jacobins (6 vol., 1889-97); his major studies are Études et leçons sur la Révolution française (9 vol., 1893-1924), Histoire politique de la Révolution française (1901; tr.
		Representations of the Republic at war: Lille and Toulon, 1792-1793.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/Aulard-A1.asp (324 words)

	The Historians' French Revolution - The World and I Magazine
		But what is most notable about Aulard's work was his overwhelming commitment to Georges Danton rather than to Maximilien Robespierre as the representative man of the Revolution.
		Aulard and his followers were especially concerned about rescuing Danton's reputation from charges of corruption.
		Although Aulard and Mathiez both demonstrated extraordinary mastery of the historical sources, the tendency of each to lionize his personal hero made their work often unconvincing.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1989/july/mt4.cfm (6618 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Aulard stressed the importance of detailed and thorough research, setting standards that still govern serious historical inquiry in the field today.
		Aulard was also the founding figure in what has come to be called the classic or Jacobin interpretation of the Revolution.
		A firm supporter of the Third Republic, he argued that the history of the Revolution demonstrated that only the democratic republicans of the 1790s had really defended the national interest and ensured the victory of the ideals articulated by the liberal revolutionaries of 1789.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/frpopkin.doc (2559 words)

	Biography of François Victor Alphonse Aulard \| Life of François Victor Alphonse Aulard
		The French historian François Victor Alphonse Aulard (1849-1928) was a leading authority on the French Revolution.On July 19, 1849, Alphonse Aulard was born at Montbron.
		Aulard insisted that the Revolution should be considered with the same critical detachment as all other periods of …
		Associated Events French Revolution, 1789 Further Reading A useful work for understanding Aulard is Paul Farmer, France Reviews Its Revolutionary Origins: Social Politics and Historical Opinion in the Third Republic (1944).
	www.essayboom.com /biographies/Franccedilois_Victor_Alphons-29227.html (257 words)

	Alphonse Francois ( - ) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews
		Alphonse Francois, M. Angelo Buonarroti from Art Journal l876, p.
		Alphonse Legros, Alphonse Lalou (Sculptor), 19th - 20th century
		Alphonse Legros, Portrait of Edward J. Pointer, R.A., 1877
	www.wwar.com /masters/f/francois-alphonse.html (1329 words)

	Conspiracy Obsession in a Time of Revolution
		It may be, however, that in the Chinese Cultural Revolution opposition was perceived to arise less from plots and conspiracies than from class and the class struggle in general: see, for example, Hong Yung Lee, Politics of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: A Case Study (Berkeley, 1978), 41–63.
		For example, Alphonse Aulard, Histoire politique de la Révolution française, 5th edn.
		Aulard, Société des Jacobins, 1: 324, 390, 422, 431, 437, 448.
	users.marshall.edu /~kenley/hst200/conspiracy_obsession.htm (11445 words)

	The Origins of Contemporary France, Volume 1 - The Ancient Regime By Hippolyte A. Taine- Introduction from Nalanda ...
		Revel notes that a socialist historian, Alphonse Aulard methodically and dishonestly attacked "Les Origines..", and that Aulard was specially recruited by the University of Sorbonne for this purpose.
		Aulard pretended that Taine was a poor historian by finding a number of errors in Taine's work.
		This was done, says Revel, because the 'Left' came to see Taine's work as "a vile counter-revolutionary weapon." The French historian Augustin Cochin proved, however, that Aulard and not Taine had made the errors but by that time Taine had been defamed and his works removed from the shelves of the French universities.
	www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in /resources/english/etext-project/history/ancientfr/intro.html (2727 words)

	Sample Chapter for Gentile, E.; Staunton, G., trans.: Politics as Religion.
		The historian Alphonse Aulard applied this interpretation to the religious manifestations of the French Revolution, such as the cult of the Goddess Reason and the Supreme Being.
		In opposition to Aulard, Mathiez considered revolutionary cults to be spontaneous manifestations of a new religion that originated from the political experience of Revolution.
		He defined it as a "true religion," albeit an ephemeral one, because it contained all the fundamental elements common to all religions: faith, i.e., a set of obligatory beliefs that are asserted as indisputable dogmas, and worship, i.e., a set of symbols and rituals through which the beliefs are manifested.
	www.pupress.princeton.edu /chapters/s8195.html (4945 words)

	[No title]
		It is a long tradition that French historians not only wrote history, they also took part in the social affairs and politics.
		François Guizot, Adolphe Thiers, Ernest Lavisse, Alphonse Aulard are some of the best representative historians.
		In order to fulfill the mission, the Third Republic took two measures: infusing republican ideology to students through education in order to cultivate eligible citizens; diffusing this republican ideology among common people by making use of a series of festivals, celebrations, and symbols that represented republican ideology.
	www.antenne-pekin.com /projets/projet-guhang.doc (472 words)

	The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte - Part three
		Napoleon promised to defend the Revolution both against the royalists who wished to put the clock back to 1788 and against the plebeian and semi-proletarian masses who had lost political power in 1794.
		It was a relapse into the ancien régime when the Code Napoleon laid down that in such disputes the word of the employer was to be taken.
		Alphonse Aulard regarded the Concordat correctly as "the counterrevolutionary act par excellence".
	www.marxist.com /History/napoleon3.html (4505 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Furet objects that the Marxist historians exaggerate the “radical break” while failing to consider significant aspects of historical continuity.
		Aulard, a Leninist, established Robespierre reputation as “The Incorruptible.” Georges Lefebvre, who continued to promote Robespierre as a revolutionary hero, followed Albert Mathiez as editor of the Annales’ influential journal, is generally considered the primary Marxist historian of the French Revolution, an influence exerted through a similar professorship at the Sorbonne.
		In “A Series of Class Revolts,” Lefebvre proposed the thesis, which has become known as the Lefebvre Thesis, that the French Revolution occurred in four stages, each marked by a predominant social class: the aristocratic revolution, the bourgeois revolution, the popular municipal revolution, and the peasant rural revolution.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/frevhist.doc (1956 words)

	Gaetano Salvemini Biography / Biography of Gaetano Salvemini Biography
		After his professorial appointment he helped organize secondary school teachers and joined a campaign to promote universal suffrage and universal education.
		At the same time he wrote La Rivoluzione francese (1905; The French Revolution), introducing to the Italian reading public the work of the French historian Alphonse Aulard, and a study Mazzini (1905), the first major analysis of this Italian statesman's ideas in the European context.
		These productive years were brought to a sudden end when an earthquake at Messina killed Salvemini's entire family in 1908, a tragedy from which he only slowly recovered.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gaetano-salvemini (610 words)

	AHA Information: Lynn Hunt Presidential Address (2002)
		A formidable, destructive, and shapeless beast that cannot be curbed, it sits at the portals of the Revolution together with its mother, the baying monster Liberty, like Milton's two specters at the gates of Hell." 9
		Fourteen years after Taine died, his scholarship was targeted for demolition by the republican historian Alphonse Aulard, who published a 330-page book on Taine's errors.
		Taine may have the last word, however, as the Liberty Fund has recently announced the republication of the English translation of Taine's three volumes on the French Revolution with an introduction by Mona Ozouf.
	www.historians.org /info/AHA_History/lhunt.cfm (7940 words)

	Bastille Day-Today in History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Their heads were cut off, spitted on pikes, and carried around in triumph.
		Primary source François Victor Alphonse Aulard "Etudes et leçons sur la Révolution française."
		For those wishing to celebrate Bastille Day at home with a few enlightened friends here is a fun menu.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1171368/posts (1589 words)

	Modernity, Politics and Democracy
		Within the Third Republic, Jean Jaurès offered a synthetic "socialist" history to legitimate his Socialist party in its contest with his orthodox Marxist rivals.
		The moderate republican politicians who created the first official chair of the history of the revolution made sure that it was given to Alphonse Aulard, who presented the Girondin vision of events.
		After the Russian revolution, Albert Mathiez countered with a rehabilitation of Jacobinism, whose adherents have held the Sorbonne chair since that time.
	www.sunysb.edu /philosophy/research/howard_7.html (9554 words)

	[No title]
		What purpose(s) did Aulard hope or expect this document to accomplish?
		Does your understanding of Aulard's purpose(s) affect your analysis of this document?
		According to Aulard, the "Notebooks of Grievances" reveal the influence of Enlightenment ideas upon the people.
	www.uscsumter.edu /~tpowers/hist102/frenrev.html (3466 words)

	Alphonse Aulard
		A professor at the Univ. of Paris, he founded the Société de l'Histoire de la Révolution and the bimonthly review
		Aulard's works include several large collections of edited material, notably
		Related content from HighBeam Research on: Alphonse Aulard
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0805336.html (225 words)

	Les grands orateurs de la Révolution by François-Alphonse Aulard - Project Gutenberg
		Les grands orateurs de la Révolution by François-Alphonse Aulard - Project Gutenberg
		Les grands orateurs de la Révolution by François-Alphonse Aulard
		Web site copyright © 2003-2006 Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation — All Rights Reserved.
	www.gutenberg.org /etext/8822 (93 words)

	Jack Censer and Lynn Hunt \| Imaging the French Revolution: Depictions of the French Revolutionary Crowd \| The American ...
		Rather, they referred to the populace as simply le peuple, or "the people." This nomenclature carried through most of the next century as historians still deployed this general term.
		Whether on the right like Edmund Burke and Hippolyte Taine or on the left like Jules Michelet or Alphonse Aulard, scholars saw the actions of the peuple as unified, almost mythic.
		The peuple "personified good or evil," depending on the inclination of the author.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/110.1/censer.html (4072 words)

	Grands orateurs de la révolution, Les - François-Alphonse Aulard - Mobipocket eBook - French
		Grands orateurs de la révolution, Les - François-Alphonse Aulard - Mobipocket eBook - French
		Home > eBook Categories > History > World > Mobipocket eBooks > François-Alphonse Aulard > Grands orateurs de la révolution, Les
		The eBook club is continually growing with more eBooks added frequently.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/198939-ebook.htm (561 words)

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