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Topic: Alphonse Bertillon

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	Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body: Galleries: Biographies: Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914)
		Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914), the son of medical professor Louis Bertillon, was a French criminologist and anthropologist who created the first system of physical measurements, photography, and record-keeping that police could use to identify recidivist criminals.
		Bertillon began his career as a records clerk in the Parisian police department.
		Bertillon identified individuals by measurements of the head and body, shape formations of the ear, eyebrow, mouth, eye, etc., individual markings such as tattoos and scars, and personality characteristics.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /visibleproofs/galleries/biographies/bertillon.html (517 words)

	Anthropometry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bertillon's goal was to use anthropometry as a way of identifying recidivists—what we would today call "repeat-offense" criminals.
		Bertillon's hope was that through the use of measurements of the body, all information about the individual criminal could be reduced to a set of identifying numbers which could be entered into a large filing system.
		Bertillon also envisioned the system as being organized in such a way that even if the number of measurements was limited the system could drastically reduce the number of potential matches, through an easy system of body parts and characteristics being labeled as "small", "medium", or "large".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bertillonage (1738 words)

	Alphonse Bertillon Summary
		Bertillon´s road to fame was a protracted and hard one as he was forced to do his measurements in his spare-time.
		Bertillon was a witness for the prosecution in the Dreyfus Affair in 1899.
		Bertillon also created many other forensics techniques, including handwriting analysis, the use of galvanoplastic compounds to preserve footprints, ballistics, and the dynamometer, used to determine the degree of force used in breaking and entering.
	www.bookrags.com /Alphonse_Bertillon (1070 words)

	Discovery Online, Dead Inventors -- Alphonse Bertillon
		Bertillon's police superiors thought he was a bit nuts -- until they used his data to identify nearly 800 suspects in three years.
		Bertillon had calculated that the probability of two people having precisely the same 11 measurements was one in four million.
		A criminal might wear a fake beard or give a phony name, but Bertillon noted that "subjects cannot exercise the slightest influence on their cranium diameters." His police superiors thought he was a bit nuts, until they used his data successfully to identify nearly 800 suspects in three years.
	www.dia.unisa.it /professori/ads/corso-security/www/CORSO-9900/biometria/Discovery.htm (870 words)

	Tribuneindia... The fact File
		Over a 100 years ago, a brilliant detective named Alphonse Bertillon invented certain methods of tracking down criminals which are still used by police forces all over the world.
		Bertillon presented his work to the Police Prefect, but it was rejected as a piece of rubbish.
		Bertillon’s system was officially accepted and he became chief of the new Identity Department.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99sep25/saturday/fact.htm (749 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:40.5
		Bertillonage was developed by Alphonse Bertillon, the Director of the Identification Bureau of the Paris Prefecture of Police, in response to the problems of controlling and using the Bureau's chaotic library of criminal photographs.
		Alphonse Bertillon was the son of the anthropometrist Adolphe Louis Bertillon.
		Bertillon's project was part of a broad movement of taxonomic work based on the so-called "biotype," which attempted to use statistical analysis of police records to scientifically identify the "criminal type." Eugenics movements at the time promoted the segregation of these inferior types, so that they might not breed.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/40/405.html (549 words)

	The Difference Dictionary: B
		Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) - French anthropologist, son of Louis Bertillon.
		Best known for the science of anthropometry and the Bertillon system of identification, introduced in 1882, in which an individual (such as a criminal or other subject of official interest) is identified by means of body measurements, peculiar markings such as scars, and personality characteristics.
		Louis Adolphe Bertillon (1812-1883) - French statistician, appointed professor of demography at the school of anthropology in Paris, 1876.
	www.sff.net /people/gunn/dd/b.htm (1208 words)

	Forensic Evidence.com: Identification Evidence/Alphonse Bertillon and Ear Prints
		The Bertillon system of anthropometric measurements, which incidentally was abandoned world-wide because it failed to provide reliable and unique measurements and was too cumbersome to administer in a uniform manner, never relied on a single measurement of any part of the body for identifying a specific individual.
		Thus, to cite Bertillon as authority for ear and/or ear print uniqueness is a deliberate misuse of his pioneering work in personal identification, and attributes to Alphonse Bertillon a premise which he never espoused or sought to advocate.
		While Bertillon is revered in some quarters as the pioneer of human identification "sciences" by his development of anthropometry, he did not engage in the kind of "scientific research" that would have satisfied the strict Daubert-factor devotees when he announced his system of identification by bodily measurements.
	www.forensic-evidence.com /site/ID/ID_bertillion.html (1046 words)

	Media Art Net \| Bertillon, Alphonse: Bertillonage
		The process developed in 1879/1880 by the criminologist and anthropologist Alphonse Bertillon was founded on the assumption that a person’s body measurements remain relatively unchanged after reaching the age of twenty.
		Bertillon’s process was also expensive and time consuming.
		In addition, Bertillon’s collection of types of faces and noses form the basis for what were later composite sketches of suspects.
	www.medienkunstnetz.de /works/bertillonage/images/2 (276 words)

	[No title]
		Alphonse Bertillon's (1853-1914) anthropometry (or personal identification) system using a series of body and facial measurements for individualization, developed in 1882, and Dr. Francis Galton's (1822-1911) Fingerprints, published in 1892, were pioneering contributions to the emerging field of forensic science [2].
		On October 13th 1894, Alphonse Bertillon, the head of the Criminal Record Office at the Prefecture (Police headquarters), the inventor of metric anthropology, is asked by the headquarters' officers to compare the Bordereau's and Dreyfus' writing.
		In fact, the first documented uses of criminal photography arose from the nineteenth century desire "to prove the existence of innate, visible traits in deviants, or to serve as a dispassionate document of their deeds." On the heels of Darwin's theories of human origins arose many theories attempting to link behavior to physical characteristics.
	u2.u-strasbg.fr /lexis/a9899/cours/cdescdis/qualdocs.html (1173 words)

	Criminal Investigation
		Alphonse Bertillon was a French policeman who believed that people could be physically identified to a certainty by conducting a series of measurements.
		His theory was that by using 11 different measurements from a person's body, he could accurately establish their identity at a later date.
		After discarding some measurements, Bertillon decided to use the breadth of the outstretched arms, head length and width, left foot length, left little finger length, trunk height, body height, width and length of the right ear, length of the left forearm, and the length of the left foot.
	www.canton.edu /ci/previous_lessons_3.html (430 words)

	John Stathatos: review of "Crime Album Stories" by Eugenia Parry
		For me, and probably for most viewers, the exhibition's greatest surprise was the turn-of-the-century photographs of the French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon, eight of which had been loaned by Historical Collections Museum of the Paris Police Prefecture.
		Our lack of familiarity with these astonishing images is clearly due to the fact they were judicial documents; not only did it never occur to anybody that they might be seen in a different context, they were also no doubt protected by all kinds of legal impediments and bureaucratic regulations.
		Some time before the first world war, an unknown employee of the Prefecture subtracted a number of prints which he mounted in an album and carefully annotated; his choice was, we may assume, governed to a certain extent by the shock value of the photographs.
	www.stathatos.net /pages/bertillon.html (703 words)

	Amazon.com: Crime Album Stories: Paris 1886-1902: Books: Eugenia Parry,Alphonse Bertillon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Taken mostly by Alphonse Bertillon, who largely created the modern practice of crime documentation and suspect identification, the photos are of historical importance.
		Framing this structure is an autobiographical fiction purportedly by Alphonse Bertillon, the inventor of le bertillonage, or anthropometry, a system of statistical measurement that was designed to ensure the reliable identification of criminals and criminal behavior.
		Bertillon's perspective reminds us of the role of photography as documentary, and evidentiary, at the same time as it remains, throughout the book, hauntingly evocative of the transitoriness of what it seeks to document and evidence.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/3908247187?v=glance (1655 words)

	Mug
		Alphonse Bertillon standardized the mug shot and the evidence picture and developed what he called photographie métrique (metric photography).
		Bertillon intended this system to enable its user to precisely reconstruct the dimension of a particular space and the placement of objects in it, or to measure the object represented.
		Bertillon used special mats printed with cadres métriques (metric frames) which were mounted along the sides of these photographs.
	www.nyu.edu /greyart/exhibits/police/html/mug.html (281 words)

	The History of Fingerprints
		Their Bertillon measurements were close enough to identify them as the same person.
		Bertillon's system included measurements such as head length, head width, length of the middle finger, length of the left foot; and length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger.
		In 1888 Bertillon was made Chief of the newly created Department of Judicial Identity where he used anthropometry as the main means of identification.
	onin.com /fp/fphistory.html (2535 words)

	Fingerprinting
		In 1883, Alphonse Bertillon developed one of the first methods of criminal identification.
		LPD Detective L.B. Secor, finding no record in his files, sent the Bertillon records to the National Bureau of Identification in Washington, D.C. and within 48 hours received a reply that the suspect was an ex-convict wanted for parole violation and burglary in Illinois.
		This material may not be reproduced, displayed, modified or distributed without the express prior written permission of the copyright holder.
	www.lansingpolice.com /site/History/Fingerprinting.htm (180 words)

	Bertillon system - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		BERTILLON SYSTEM [Bertillon system], first scientific method of criminal identification, developed by the French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914).
		The system, based on the classification of skeletal and other body measurements and characteristics, was officially adopted in France in 1888 and soon after in other countries.
		Fingerprinting, added later as a supplementary measure, has largely replaced the system (see fingerprint).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/Bertillo.asp (254 words)

	Alphonse - Daudet, Alphonse. 1917. Five Short Stories. Vol. XIII, Part 4
		Alphonse Mucha is synonomous with the aesthetics of the art nouveau movement in France at the turn of the century.
		Alphonse Mucha [Czech Art Nouveau Printmaker, 1860-1939] Guide to pictures of works by Alphonse Mucha in art museum sites and image archives worldwide.
		A photograph from Alphonse Bertillon's photo album from his exhibition at the 1893 Alphonse Bertillon (1853—1914), the son of medical professor Louis
	dealtutor.com /datt/alphonse.htm (382 words)

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