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Topic: Alpine climate

	Climate - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years.
		When the original conception of climate as a long-term average came to be considered, perhaps towards the end of the 19th century, the idea of climate change was not current, and a 30 year average seemed reasonable (but see note 1).
		Climate indices are generally identified or devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor they represent.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/l/i/Climate.html (828 words)

	NSERC - Alpine Birds: Climate Change Indicators?
		However many alpine areas tend to be closer to manmade environmental stressors, such as air-borne contaminants from urban centres, nitrogen deposition from nearby farming areas, and recreational pressures from heli-skiing or backcountry camping.
		Martin studies both alpine “specialists” – birds such as the ptarmigan or pipit that breed exclusively in alpine environments – and alpine-tolerant species, such as the savannah sparrow, the horned lark and the winter wren that can breed either in mountain areas or at lower elevations.
		Experts at camouflage, alpine birds are very aware of their body colour and use this knowledge to blend in with the background of the wide open spaces.
	www.nserc.ca /news/stories/alpine_e.htm (768 words)

	Alpine climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for a region above the tree line.
		The climate becomes colder at high elevations—this characteristic is described by the lapse rate of air: air will tend to get colder as it rises, since it expands.
		If the mean biotemperature is between 1.5 °C and 3 °C [2], Holdridge quantifies the climate as alpine (or subpolar, if the low temperature is caused by latitude).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alpine_climate (419 words)

	Climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The climate (from ancient Greek: κλίμα, "clime") is commonly considered to be the weather averaged over a long period of time, typically 30 years.
		Examples of such climate schemes are the Köppen climate classification and the Thornthwaite climate classification.
		Climate indices are generally devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each index typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor it represents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Climate (797 words)

	AMC: AMC Outdoors - Alpine Wildflowers
		The most significant alpine zones in the Northeast are found in New York's Adirondacks, on Mount Mansfield and Camel's Hump in the Green Mountains, in the Presidential Range and on Franconia Ridge in the White Mountains, in the Mahoosuc Range straddling the New Hampshire-Maine border, and on Maine's Katahdin, Saddleback Range, and Bigelow Range.
		The alpine growing season is too short for most annuals, which finish their life cycle in one season.
		Alpine marsh violet, "this sort of strange, lavender-pink flower and very fragrant," Bell says, "likes the wetter places." Alpine brook saxifrage, which blooms in July and August, is relatively rare, found in alpine ravines and isolated areas such as near Lakes of the Clouds.
	www.outdoors.org /publications/outdoors/2000/2000-alpine-flowers.cfm (1022 words)

	Cal Forests and climate change
		In an article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Aug. 16, 2004, "Emissions pathways, climate change, and impacts on California," scientists used two computer models to forecast the possible effects of climate change on the state.
		"Climate change will inevitably shift the suitable range for each type of ecosystem, as well as the mix of plants and animals at the vital focus of energy and nutrients that occur within them."—Confronting Climate Change in California.
		Species adapted to an alpine climate, for instance, might not be able to find comparable conditions in a warmer world.
	www.forestsforever.org /climate3.html (1484 words)

	Alpine Chamber of Commerce: About Us
		Alpine gained worldwide publicity during World War I, when a U.S. Government survey declared Alpine's climate the best in the nation.
		Alpine is a community that is firmly committed to quality education.
		Alpine is a picturesque foothill village with many attractive homes and small ranches nestled among the oaks, sycamores, eucalyptus and pepper trees, amid rolling hills covered with chaparral and sage.
	www.alpinechamber.com /contentPages/aboutusContent.html (1135 words)

	Climate of the Sierra Nevada
		The climate of the Sierra Nevada varies from hot desert (similar to the Sahara) at its eastern base to an artic-alpine climate only a few miles away on the highest peaks.
		These climates are characterized by having the average temperature of the coldest month below 27°F. These are the areas of heaviest snowfall in the Sierra.
		This climate zone forms a narrow band along the eastern base of the Sierra Nevada as well as the lowest foothills on the western edge of the southern Sierra.
	www.sierranevadaphotos.com /geography/sierra_climate.asp (848 words)

	Alpine Climate
		The grassland biome climate is in a mid-latitude zone.
		It is classified as a type "B" category, with a "Bs" subtype climate under the Köppen classification system.
		The grasslands have a very large latitude range, spanning from 55° N to 30° S. This is because of the many different types of grasslands throughout the world.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /grasslands_climate.htm (412 words)

	Alpine Utah Resource Guide, City or community of Alpine, Utah Facts, Information, Relocation, Real Estate, Advertising
		The population of Alpine is approximately 5,200 (1997).
		The distance from Alpine to Washington DC is 1911 miles.
		Alpine is positioned 40.46 degrees north of the equator and 111.77 degrees west of the prime meridian.
	www.usacitiesonline.com /utcountyalpine.htm (386 words)

	Archaeolog: Alpine Archaeology: Some Effects of Climate and Altitude
		The blue areas of Alpine Switzerland (including the Grand-St-Bernard pass region at near bottom left) have an annual median temperature not exceeding 5-7 degrees centigrade, essentially due to year round snowmass as a function of altitude, generally higher than 2000 meters.
		This limited iron corrosion is again due to the combination of cold temperatures which inhibit diffusion and the fact that the majority of the water is in a frozen state for most of the past 2000 years.
		Overall, Alpine climate then often offers advantages for material preservation and disadvantages for locating and excavating material remains, becoming a proverbial two-edged sword for archaeological research.
	traumwerk.stanford.edu /archaeolog/2005/12/some_effects_of_altitude_and_c.html (1626 words)

	Alpine real estate - Alpine homes, MLS listings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The landscape is rural, and the climate warm and dry, which is a change in setting from many coast towns.
		Alpine is renowned for the Viejas Indians and their casino, occupying reservation land.
		Alpine real estate is diverse, with an assortment of custom homes, tract homes, mobile home parks, apartments, retirement housing, and horse ranchettes built among the rocky terrain and trees.
	www.sandiego-mls.com /real-estate-guide/alpine.asp (457 words)

	Weather and Climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One key difference between weather and climate is that weather changes on a daily or even an hourly basis.
		There are different types of climate, each with its own name that describes what the weather is usually like in that place.
		Because the UK’s climate is considerably milder than that of Everest, the EWR Team has had to undergo many hours of mountaineering training in similar alpine climates to prepare themselves to work in the Himalayas.
	www.armyoneverest.mod.uk /Education/Geography/WeatherAndClimate (427 words)

	Alpine Real Estate: Buy or Sell a Home in Alpine, CA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alpine separates you from the hustle of the city but still places you conveniently near a major metropolitan area.
		Unlike many neighborhoods, Alpine is surrounded by greenery that has existed for decades—meaning the trees are well-established, the foliage is dense and the homes feel private and secluded.
		The average price of an Alpine home is around $750,000, but available homes have sold for as much as almost $2 million and for as little as under $550,000.
	www.bayarearealestateadvisor.com /san-diego/Alpine-CA.asp (517 words)

	David Suzuki Foundation: Climate Change: Mountains
		Alpine areas, such as BC's Selkirk Mountains, are threatened by climate change.
		The Alpine Club of Canada, Mountain Equipment Co-op and the David Suzuki Foundation joined forces to produce a brochure, Melting Mountains, that explores the impacts of climate change on the alpine environment.
		Launched in February 2003, the brochure is being distributed across the country by Mountain Equipment Co-op and the Alpine Club of Canada.
	www.davidsuzuki.org /Climate_Change/Mountains.asp (129 words)

	France Weather \| iExplore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A temperate climate in the north; northeastern areas have a more continental climate with warm summers and colder winters.
		Mediterranean climate in the south; mountains are cooler with heavy snow in winter.
		The Atlantic influences the climate of the western coastal areas from the Loire to the Basque region where the weather is temperate and relatively mild with rainfall throughout the year.
	www.iexplore.com /dmap/France/Weather+and+Climate (231 words)

	Welcomenepal.com - About Nepal - Nature - Climate
		The climate is varied ranging from the sub-tropical Terai to the cool dry temperate and alpine climate in the northern Himalayan ranges.
		In the Terai, the hottest part of the country, summer temperatures may rise as high as 40°C. The climate is hot and humid.
		In the midmountain region, the summer climate is mild with temperatures around 25°C - 27°C. The winter temperatures range from 7°C to 23°C in the Terai and subzero to 12°C in the mountain regions and valleys.
	www.welcomenepal.com /brand/aboutnepal_nature_climate.asp (121 words)

	Dr. David Hik, University of Alberta
		Studies are being conducted on four key mammalian herbivores and alpine vegetation in several communities.
		Alpine regions in general, and the Kluane region specifically, are expected to undergo large changes in community structure in response to global warming.
		These sites include a number of alpine meadow communities of similar elevation (around 2000 m) which have experienced different climatic and glacial histories.
	www.biology.ualberta.ca /faculty/david_hik/index.php?Page=996 (247 words)

	MeteoSwiss - Alpine Weather and Climate
		Similarly, for the analysis of the climate in the alps such characteristics must be understood and taken into account.
		Possible impacts of climate change through the man-made increase of the greenhouse effect are not only variable on small spatial scales, they also affect eco-systems, in which fauna and flora sensitively react on any change.
		In the framework of the Swiss national Climate Research Programme NCCR Climate, MeteoSwiss contributes - apart from other important themes - with a module "Climate in the Alpine Region".
	www.meteoschweiz.ch /web/en/research/alpine_weather_and_climate.html (698 words)

	lesson7
		The rains, exposures to the sun, and the latitude of Nepal are the three most influential factors in the climate of the country.
		The last factor contributing to the climate of Nepal is the amount of rainfall.
		PO 2 patterns of climate, landforms and ecosystems in a region.
	www.k2news.com /lesson7.htm (711 words)

	California Energy Maps - California Climate Zone Map
		The numbers used in the climate zone map don't have a title or legend.
		The California climate zones shown in this map are not the same as what we commonly call an area like desert or alpine climate.
		The climate zones are based on energy use, temperature, weather and other factors.
	www.energy.ca.gov /maps/climate_zone_map.html (433 words)

	Alpine Precipitation Climatology
		The analyses are suitable for research activities on regional climate dynamics, mesoscale meteorology and the evaluation of weather- and climate models.
		The project is closely linked to the Mesoscale Alpine Programme MAP an international research initiative on mesoscale meteorology in the Alpine region.
		The Alpine rain-gauge dataset is currently exploited with respect to the daily precipitation statistics aiming at a climatological analysis of heavy precipitation.
	www.map.meteoswiss.ch /map-doc/rr_clim.htm (1998 words)

	Fewa Tours & Travels (Pvt.) Ltd.,Kathmandu,Nepal
		The lush plains of the Terai and the foothills of the Himalaya have a very tropical climate; hot summers, very wet monsoons and mild winters.
		The densely forested midrange Mahabharat mountains have a sub-tropical climate.
		The Alpine region stretches across the belt of the high Himalayan mountains that demarcate a border with Tibet.
	www.fewatours.net /climate.htm (138 words)

	Alpine Real Estate \| Alpine Homes - Condos for Sale \| MLS New Home Listings
		Alpine, is approximately 30 miles to the east of downtown San Diego with 26.9 square miles of land area.
		At an elevation of 4000 feet, the climate in Alpine is ideal for people that suffer from asthma.
		Other real estate in Alpine includes condominiums and custom homes on spacious lots zoned for horses, some of them with breathtaking views to the valley and to the ocean.
	www.alexiourealty.com /SanDiegoCounty/EastSanDiego/AlpineRealEstate.htm (588 words)

	Coupled Topographic and Climatic Evolution of Cenozoic Mountain Belts II - Tectonophysics [T]
		Hence, a comparison of the past climatic and oceanographic evolution indicated by the sediments to those on a global scale, does allow for a qualitative evaluation of the relationship between tectonism and regional climate.
		Paleoclimatic reconstructions from North Alpine Molasse sediments are based on oxygen isotope compositions of fossil mammalian tooth enamel for freshwater molasse deposits, and shark teeth, marine ostracoda, foraminifera, and mammalian phosphatic fossils for the Upper Marine Molasse deposits.
		We observe an approximately 5 to 10 per mil decrease in d18O of lacustrine, palustrine and paleosol carbonate and chert that occurs at ~47 Ma in southwestern Montana, at ~40 Ma in northeastern Nevada and central Utah, and at ~20 Ma in southern Nevada.
	www.agu.org /meetings/fm05/fm05-sessions/fm05_T31E.html (3311 words)

	Special Report on Climate Change - New Scientist Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Alpine climate data from the past 250 years is extrapolated back in time — the findings will come as no surprise to today's frustrated skiers
		Climatologists reporting for the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) say we are seeing global warming caused by human activities and there are growing fears of feedbacks that will accelerate this warming.
		Climate negotiators should consider more than just the costs and economic benefits of tackling climate change — the rights of its victims must also be paramount
	environment.newscientist.com /channel/earth/climate-change (1714 words)

	Alpine Meadows Vacation Rentals, Hotels, Weather, Map and Attractions
		Alpine Meadows has been the site of a famous ski resort for over 30 years, and known for its hospitality, great service and its diversity.
		Alpine Meadows is just minutes to South Lake Tahoe/Stateline and 24-hour gambling, live entertainment and world-class dining.
		This high mountain region is known as one of the chilliest spots in the country, which comes as a big surprise to many that visit California.
	www.californiavacation.com /regions/Alpine-Meadows-California.html (522 words)

	RAOnline Nepal's climate
		The Terai and the Churia hills experience a sub-tropical monsoonal climate in common with the rest of the Gangatic Plains.
		The middle zone of the Mahabarat Lek and Pahar regions are temperate, with a climate simliar to that of Central Europe.
		The climate of the high Himalayas is alpine.
	www.mypage.bluewin.ch /raonline/pages/npinfoe_cli.html (321 words)

	Alpine Flowers and Plants - New England Trail Review
		The special flowers and plants that appear in the alpine climate are usually small and precious.
		The Bluebell (also known as the Harebell, Campanula rotundifolia) is a herb, comfortable in the poor soils of cliff tops, alpine environments, and shorelines.
		These plants for tight communities that are like springy domes, probably sheltering a variety of alpine insects and arthropods.
	www.newenglandtrailreview.com /images.asp?TID=31 (262 words)

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