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Topic: Alsean languages

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	Language family - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Although deaf sign languages have emerged naturally in deaf communities alongside or among spoken languages, they are unrelated to spoken languages and have different grammatical structures at their core.
		Thai Sign Language is a mixed language derived from ASL and the native sign languages of Bangkok and Chiang Mai, and may be considered part of the ASL family.
	en.wikipedia.ifc.com.pl /wiki/Language_family (1927 words)

	Alsean languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name Yaquina is derived from the Alsean name for the Yaquina Bay and the Yaquina River region, yuqú·na.
		They may also be related the Wintuan languages.
		Alsean languages have both oral and nasal vowels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alsean_languages (221 words)

	Native American languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The language or languages spoken by these early migrants, and the process by which the current diversity of Native American languages emerged, are a matter of speculation.
		Native American languages vary greatly in the number of speakers, from Quechua, Aymara, Guarani, and Nahuatl with millions of active speakers to a number of languages with only a handful of elderly speakers.
		Shahapwailutan) (4) Pomoan languages (7) Salishan languages (23) Shastan languages (4) Siouan languages (16) Tequistlatecan languages (3) Totonacan languages (2) Tsimshianic languages (2) Utian languages (12) Uto-Aztecan languages (31) Wakashan languages (6) Wintuan languages (4) Yokutsan languages (3) Yukian languages (2) Yuman-Cochimi languages (11) Hokan and Penutian are two macro-families that are currently undemonstrated.
	native-american-languages.iqnaut.net (1330 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Alsean languages
		The Alsean (also Yakonan) language family consists of two closely related languages that were spoken along the central Oregon coast.
		There may be a distant relationship between the Alsean languages, Siuslaw, and the Coosan languages.
		Linguistic research is being carried out to determine if any of these relationships are valid—this research also is a part of a larger Penutian super-family hypothesis.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Alsean_languages (306 words)

	Asian Languages and Literature
		An undergraduate major in the language and literature of specialization (four years of language training for admission to the Chinese and Japanese programs; fewer years of language acquisition may be acceptable in South Asian languages), or the background and training equivalent to such a major.
		Students are required to demonstrate competence in their major Asian languages and pass written examinations in two research languages other than English and the student's native language (that is, one written examination in addition to the examination completed at the M.A. level).
		Language examinations: In addition to a second language (usually European) required for the M.A., the student must demonstrate proficiency in a third language, usually Asian (Chinese is the usual choice for an Asian language, but the student should discuss other possibilities with the adviser).
	www.washington.edu /students/gencat/academic/asian_lang_lit.html (4997 words)

	SOUNDOVER.COM: Language Families
		The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia.
		Philosophy of language is the branch of philosophy that studies language.
		The Indo-European languages are a group of several hundred languages and dialects, including most of the major language families of Europe, as well as many languages of Asia, which belong to a single superfamily.
	www.soundover.com /families.html (1055 words)

	Don Macnaughtan - Lane Community College Library - American Indian Languages of Western Oregon
		Athapaskan languages were spoken mainly in southwest Oregon, with two tiny pockets of speakers in northwest Oregon, near the mouth of the Columbia River.
		Penutian languages - a family that is rather loosely defined - were spoken on the central Oregon Coast, along the Lower Columbia, in the Cascades, in the Willamette Valley, and in the Rogue Valley.
		An isolated Salish language (Tillamook) was spoken on the northern Oregon coast, and a small pocket of the Hokan family (Shasta) was spoken in the southern Rogue Valley.
	www.lanecc.edu /library/don/orelang.htm (1141 words)

	Language family - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		According to the numbers in Ethnologue[1], the largest language families in terms of number of languages are:
		Caucasian languages (generally thought to be two separate families, North Caucasian and Kartvelian)
		Ainu language or languages (Russia, Japan) (like Arabic or Japanese, the diversity within Ainu is large enough that some consider it to be perhaps up to a dozen languages while others consider it a single language with high dialectal diversity)
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/l/a/n/Language_families_and_languages.html (886 words)

	East Asian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The CJKV area refers to Chinese, Japanese, Korean and formerly Vietnamese, the languages with large amounts of vocabulary of Chinese origin (Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, Sino-Vietnamese) and which are or were formerly written with Chinese characters.
		Japanese pronouns: The Japanese language does not have pronouns as a grammatical category of words, per se; rather, the various words for "I", "you", "we", "they", and so on function as nouns for the purposes of sentence structure, grammar, and syntax.
		Languages of East and Southeast Asia are classified into multiple language families, signifying that there is currently no evidence that they all directly descended from a common ancestor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/East_Asian_language (1117 words)

	Asian Tongues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Asian languages find much of their cultural heritage in ancient Chinese history and philosophy, but are also influenced by many other sources, including Buddhism.
		While no language is so similar to another than a translator can simply plug in words from the target language to replace those in the source language (and if there were, translators would go extinct), the structure of some languages is more readily rendered into other languages.
		People who work with Asian language translators should be prepared to answer such questions and should expect the translator to take a little more time to finish the job than a European language translator might require for something the same size.
	home.comcast.net /~r.chriss/asiantongues.html (3514 words)

	Voiceless uvular fricative - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Several languages spoken on the northwest coast of North America have both labialized and non-labialized fricatives, including the Alsean, Salishan (Bella Coola, Klallam), Athabaskan (Chilcotin), and Wakashan languages (Nootka).
		Oowekyala, a Wakashan language, has labialized and non-labialized voiceless uvular fricatives /Ï ÏÊ·/ contrasting with the velar and pharyngeal fricatives /Ä§ x xÊ·/.
		Tlingit has labial and non-labial ejective uvular fricatives; it may be the only language containing these phonemes.
	enc.qba73.com /link-Voiceless_uvular_fricative (716 words)

	Mastering Asian Languages
		An Asian language student may not be able to recognize a suitable number of characters and may not yet be capable of using a dictionary (while Smart Characters allows the user to do this immediately!).
		Modern Spanish and French foreign language textbooks represent 5th (or later) generations - focusing on aural comprehension and vocal expression to prepare students to be able to think in and use the language.
		Japanese and Chinese texts wallow in their 1st or 2nd generations, teaching the language in a fashion reminiscent of "the pen of my aunt is on the table of my uncle," a rote learning pattern taught in classical French texts.
	www.aproposinc.com /pages/asianmas.htm (1139 words)

	OEM Products: Asian Languages Suite
		Teragram language and character encoding recognition automatically recognizes the language and encoding used by any text.
		The importance of morphology is paramount in Asian languages such as Japanese, Korean, and Chinese.
		It is difficult because there is no way to manipulate any dictionary that would contain any segment (this would be tantamount to listing all the noun groups in English), and it is crucial because finding all the occurrences of a noun means that all the noun groups in which it appears have be correctly analyzed.
	www.teragram.com /oem/asian_lang.htm (1299 words)

	Asia Times - Globalization challenges Asian languages
		That, in a nutshell, is the ethnolinguist's lament for Asia.
		Abhakorn and Lo Bianco were participants at a conference on language trends in Asia held this month by the National University of Singapore's Asia Research Institute.
		Against such a background, the future of languages such as Hovongan, in north-central Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sou, in the southern Laos province of Attapeu, is in peril - each is estimated to have about 1,000 speakers, and thus classified as being endangered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Global_Economy/EG31Dj01.html (1016 words)

	Oregon History Project
		Imagine the scene: On a winter night in an Alsean village on Oregon’s central coast, Native elders share tales around a fire with visitors from a nearby Yaquina village. Each would have belonged to one of a multitude of bands speaking nearly twenty local languages that flourished in the eighteenth century.
		Few of those languages were mutually intelligible. While visitors from the Yaquina village could understand Alsean elders, coastal groups speaking Chinookan, Salishan, Siuslaw, and other languages needed a lingua franca. Tribes developed a language both utilitarian and rich in metaphor—Chinook Wawa to indigenous people, Chinook Jargon to outsiders.
		Language is a life force within culture—the source of oral poetry, stories, and everyday folk speech.
	www.ohs.org /education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=511 (723 words)

	Language family - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Auslan, NZSL and BSL are usually considered to belong to a language family known as BANZSL, and Japanese Sign Language, Taiwanese Sign Language and Korean Sign Language are thought to be members of a Japanese Sign Language family.
		Bolivian Sign Language is sometimes considered a dialect of American Sign Language.
		Other languages, such as Nicaraguan Sign Language, Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language, and Providence Island Sign Language are known to be isolates.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Language_families_and_languages (996 words)

	Languages of Asia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are a wide variety of languages spoken throughout Asia, comprising a number of families and some unrelated isolates.
		The Altaic languages are a somewhat disputed grouping including Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungustic languages, with Korean and Japanese included by some.
		Another disputed language family, the Ural-Altaic languages, is formed with the addition of Uralic languages to these.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asian_languages (140 words)

	East Asian Languages and Chinese Characters
		This redundancy, however, applies only to the language as it is written, which may be the usual habitat for that segment of the lexicon but is hardly so for the bulk of everyday concepts that must be communicated verbally.
		Just how much the spoken language was characterized by polysyllabic morphemes we will never know, since expressing the language in writing meant reducing these units to a form compatible with the medium, so that each written syllable-sized unit had a meaning of its own that could potentially stand by itself.
		Since these languages are based almost entirely in speech, even when they are written or glossed with characters for textbooks or linguistic studies, their polysyllabic morphologies are maintained.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/east_asian_languages.html (11996 words)

	Language families and languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Language families can be subdivided into smaller units, conventionally referred to as "branches" (because the history of a Language family is often represented as a "tree" diagram).
		Thus, provincial dialects of Latin ("Vulgar Latin") gave rise to the modern Romance languages, so the Proto-Romance Language is more or less identical with Latin (if not exactly with the literary Latin of the Classical writers), and dialects of Old Norse are the protolanguage to Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Icelandic.
		Waikurian) (8) Iroquoian languages (11) Kalapuyan languages (3) Kiowa-Tanoan languages (7) Maiduan languages (4) Mayan languages (North America and Central America) (31) Muskogean languages (6) Na-Dené languages (40) Oto-Manguean languages (North America and Central America) (27) Palaihnihan languages (2) Plateau Penutian (a.k.a.
	language-families-and-languages.iqnaut.net (813 words)

	Coosan languages: Information from Answers.com
		Melville Jacobs (1939) says that the languages are as close as Dutch and German.
		The origin of the name Coos is uncertain: one idea is that it is derived from a Hanis stem gus- meaning 'south' as in gusimídži·č 'southward'; another idea is that it is derived from a southwestern Oregon Athabaskan word ku·s meaning 'bay'.
		In 1916 Edward Sapir suggested that the Coosan languages are part of a larger Oregon Penutian genetic grouping.
	proxies.gr /nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/http/www.answers.com/topic/coosan-languages (378 words)

	Indigenous languages of the Americas - ikiW
		Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas.
		These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families as well as many language isolates and unclassified languages.
		Many proposals to group these into higher-level families have been made, but no proposal positing fewer than dozens of language families is generally accepted by linguists.
	indigenous-languages-of-the-americas.ikiw.net /en/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas (105 words)

	UCI Department of East Asian
		The Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures at UCI brings both theoretical sophistication and scholarly rigor to the study of the literatures and cultures of East Asia.
		The undergraduate curriculum in East Asian Languages and Literatures enables students to understand the extensive and rich literary, historical, social, and aesthetic traditions of East Asia through the intensive study of an East Asian language and of literary texts in translation and in the original language.
		Students take a total of four years of courses in the modern language, in which comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing are stressed.
	www.humanities.uci.edu /eastasian (367 words)

	Language Grants - Blakemore Freeman Fellowships
		Approval of language programs for study of other languages will be considered on a individual basis during the application review process.
		If there is no approved advanced-level language program available in a country, an applicant may propose a program combining study in an ordinary language program supplemented by private tutorials.
		It is the applicant's individual responsibility to apply to the language program which he or she lists on the Blakemore Freeman Fellowship application.
	www.blakemorefoundation.org /language.htm (1473 words)

	Asian Language Terminology
		All Chinese characters have a specific meaning when used alone, although they are frequently used in combination with other characters to form words related to the meanings of the individual characters.
		Unlike words written in alphabetic languages, the pronunciation of Chinese characters is not self evident.
		This background information is provided to help those unfamiliar with the Chinese or Japanese languages understand the terms and concepts discussed in the Apropos Smart Characters product literature.
	www.aproposinc.com /pages/asiantrm.htm (1566 words)

	Penutian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name is based on the words meaning 'two' in the Wintuan, Maiduan, and Yokutsan languages (which is pronounced something like [pen]) and the Utian languages (which is pronounced something like [uti]).
		Perhaps because many Penutian languages have ablaut, vowels are difficult to reconstruct.
		Dixon, Roland R.; and Kroeber, Alfred L. The native languages of California.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Penutian_languages (1029 words)

	Asian Languages Collection - LEARN - The University of Auckland Library
		The purpose of the Asian Languages Collection is to support the teaching and research programmes of the School of Asian Studies at the University of Auckland.
		The collection focuses on the literature, history, language, philosophy and religions of China, Japan and Korea, in the languages of these countries.
		Asian Languages Collection books and serials can be found on Voyager, by using a transliterated form of the author or title in romanised script.
	www.library.auckland.ac.nz /subjects/asian/asianhome.htm (361 words)

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