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Topic: Altan Khan

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	Altan Khan - Definition, explanation
		Altan Khan (1507-1582), whose given name was Anda, was the de facto ruler of the Right Wing of the Mongols and exercised his power over whole Mongolia.
		Altan Khan is known for re-establishing ties between Mongolia and the religious leaders of Tibet, inviting the 3rd Dalai Lama to Mongolia on two occasions (1569, 1578) and embracing the Tibetan Buddhist faith during the lama's second visit.
		It was the Altan Khan who created and bestowed the title of Dalai Lama ("Ocean of Wisdom") on the Gelugpa lineage, a title which was applied retrospectively to the first two Dalai Lamas.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/al/altan_khan.php (335 words)

	Oyirad
		He killed the nominal Khan and became the Khan in 1453, although he was not a descendant of Genghis.
		The Oyirad were conquered by Altan Khan[?] of Tümed, a grandson of Dayan Khan, who reunified and reorganized the Mongols.
		Under Galdan Khan the Oirats became the chief rival of the Manchu Qing Empire and was vanquished by Emperor Kangxi.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/oy/Oyrd.html (564 words)

	Mongolia Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1577, Altan Khan invited the religious head of Tibet to Mongolia, as Altan Khan was intent upon unifying Mongolia under Lamaism.
		Altan Khan incorporated Buddhist beliefs into laws which made for a legal basis to abolish the practices of Shamanism.
		Altan Khan's campaign was continued by Avtai Sain Khan, who met with the third Dalai Lama in 1586.
	www.asia-planet.net /mongolia/religion.htm (767 words)

	Asian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With transcription, word index and English translation, as well as extensive commentary on the historical events of Altan Khan’s reign, especially the 1550 attack on Beijing, the 1571 peace accord with the Ming, and the 1578 meeting with the Dalai Lama and the subsequent Buddhist conversion.
		In particular, the author shows how Altan Khan’s reformulation of the boundaries of Dayan Khan’s Mongol nation and state catalyzed the political fragmentation of the Mongols with dire consequences in relation to the rising Manchu state.
		Similarly, a discussion of Altan Khan's historic 1578 meeting with the Third Dalai Lama that presaged the conversion of the Mongols to Gelugpa Buddhism is a standard topic in all works touching on Tibetan or Mongolian Buddhist history.
	www.wordtrade.com /history/asia (642 words)

	Rebirth-Surya Das
		Altan Khan was a western Mongol who was converted to Buddhism by two Buddhist lamas whom he had won as part of his booty after a battle.
		At the time Altan Khan was at the apogee of his power: he had neutralized his enemies, the Oirat Mongols, and established a relationship of respect, if not equality, with China.
		Three years after Altan Khan's conversion to Buddhism, his nephew, Setsen Khungtaiji, suggested to him that he could consolidate his spiritual destiny by inviting an eminent holy man to establish a 'special relationship' with him, much as the emperor Kublai had done centuries before with the lama Phagpa-lha.
	www.owen.bc.ca /Buddhism/Tibetan_Buddhism/history_reincarnate.htm (1121 words)

	Tibetan Buddhism, the mongolian religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In addition, Altan Khan's prestige in Mongolia increased because of the blessings of the exalted religious leader of the "Land of Snows." Altan Khan's conversion hastened the spread of Buddhism in Mongolia, and Tumen, the Great Khan, whose headquarters was then in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, also accepted Buddhism as his faith.
		Altan Khan died in l583, and in 1585 the Third Dalai Lama came to Koke-khota to pray for him and to propogate the Law of Buddha in the Ordos and other parts of Western lnner Mongolia.
		Koton was a son of Ogodei Khan, the successor of Chinggis Khan.
	www.innermongolia.org /english/tibetan_buddhism.htm (2058 words)

	Life of Zanabazar: First Bogd Gegen of Mongolia
		Khan Mandaghol, Chingis's twenty-seventh successor, was killed in a battle with his grand-nephew Bolko in 1467 and Bolko was in turn assassinated in 1470.
		In 1552 Altan and his grand-nephew Sechen Khongtaiji, ruler of the Ordos, united forces to expel almost completely from the territory of modern-day Mongolia the Oirat who had held on in the western part of the country after the death of Esen and their defeat by the legendary Mongol Queen Mandughai.
		Although Altan Khan may have been influenced by his nephew, according to most accounts it was he himself who captured Buddhist monks who introduced him to the doctrines of Shakyamuni.
	www.zanabazar.mn /Life/zanabazar.html (1949 words)

	The History of Mongolia
		In the late 13th century, Buddhism was declared the state religion by the emperor of Mongolia, Kublai Khan, who was the grandson of Chinggis Khan.
		In 1571 emperor Altan Khan, a 17th generation descendant of Chinggis Khan, invited the Tibetan Lama Sonam Gyatso (1543-1588) to visit Mongolia to give teachings on Buddha Dharma to Mongolians.
		The 4th reincarnation of the Dalai Lama lineage in the person of Yonten Gyatso (1589-1617) was born in Mongolia to the grandson of Altan Khan himself, further strengthening the connection between Mongolia and Tibet.
	www.fpmt.org /mongolia/history.html (609 words)

	Boojum Expeditions Mongolia Tibet Equestrian Horse Adventure Travel: Horseback Treks and Sea Kayaking
		It was during the reign of Altan Khan that Buddhism came to Mongolia.
		Altan Khan invited the spiritual leader of Tibet Sodnomjamtso in 1577 and adopted the Lamaism, one of the varieties of Buddhism, so called yellow faith.
		At the grand ceremony held in connection with the assumption of the new faith and the abandonment of shamanism Altan Khan elevated Sodnamjamtso to be the head of the entire yellow faith and bestowed on him the title of Dalai Lama.
	boojum.com /extras/buddhist.html (280 words)

	Simhanada---His Holiness the Dalai Lama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Altan Khan became a major foreign patron to the Gelugpa monasteries in Tibet.
		One of the main patrons of the Fifth Dalai Lama was the Mongolian Chief Gushri Khan.
		The Great Fifth was responsible for appointing the regent of Gushri Khan, appointing the Khan's son as the next Mongol King, and for recognizing the 2nd Panchen Lama.
	www.simhas.org /dalai.html (3177 words)

	Mongolia - Buddhism
		In 1578 Altan Khan, a Mongol military leader with ambitions to unite the Mongols and to emulate the career of Chinggis, invited the head of the rising Yellow Sect of Tibetan Buddhism to a summit.
		Altan gave the Tibetan leader the title of Dalai Lama (Ocean Lama), which his successors still hold.
		Altan died soon after, but in the next century the Yellow Sect spread throughout Mongolia, aided in part by the efforts of contending Mongol aristocrats to win religious sanction and mass support for their ultimately unsuccessful efforts to unite all Mongols in a single state.
	countrystudies.us /mongolia/47.htm (1805 words)

	Mongolia in Transition, 1368-1911
		The war with China was renewed with considerable energy after Altan Khan (1507-83) of the Tumed clan united the Khalkha.
		It soon became obvious to Altan that there was nothing to be gained by continuing the war with the Ming; the empire of Chinggis never could be restored.
		Altan, in turn, was coopted by a Buddhist revival in Tibet, and he became a fervent convert.
	countrystudies.us /mongolia/23.htm (669 words)

	Dayan Khan
		Dayan Khan (given name: Batu Möngke; ?-1543?), was a Mongol Khan who reconstructed the Mongol Empire.
		As a direct descendant of Khubilai, he ascended to the throne in 1487.
		Dayan Khan and his successors led the Chakhar tümen.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/da/Dayan_Khan.html (74 words)

	Predoni della steppa, I (1964) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Malina arrives (looking finer than ever) to inform Altan Khan that Sandar Khan and Kublai have arrived through the city gates, and points them out at a bar (this is done after the ubiquitous Peplum dance, you know what I mean, a female throws her legs around while dancing alluringly with a piece of silk!).
		Meanwhile Altan Khan's army have started to wreak violence and destruction among the surrounding villages and the kingdom of Samira's father.
		Sandar Khan challenges Altan Khan to a duel, and before you can say Zeus they both have enormous spiked tree trunks strapped to their backs (Kirk is topless again, showing his muscles).
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0058488 (738 words)

	Don Croner's World Wide Wanders-Blog
		A fourth khanate, that of Sain Noyan, on the middle Selenge, upper Orkhon, and the Ongkin River, south of the Khangai Mountains, was until 1724 considered subordinate to the Tüsheet Khan.
		It is possible that in 1580 he was in Khökh Khot, where Altan Khan was in the process of establishing monasteries, and that Avtai met him there, but it is difficult to say for sure.
		Chingis Khan himself apparently decided in 1220 to built a capital for his empire where the Orkhon emerges from the foothills of the Khangai, although little seems to have been done at the site by the time he died in 1227.
	www.doncroner.com /2004/01/it-is-now-generally-accepted-that-city.html (2891 words)

	Dancing Demons - Ceremonial Masks of Mongolia
		The catalyst was the conversion of the Mongol leader Altan Khan (1506-1582), who believed himself to be the reincarnation of Kubilai Khan, the conqueror of China.
		It was Altan who ordained the lineage of the Dalai Lama in Tibet, thus cementing the relationship between Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhism.
		While the adoption of Lamaism inspired a cultural florescence, politically the seventeenth century saw Mongolia increasingly threatened by the its two powerful neighbors, the Russian empire to the north and west and the Manchu conquerors of China to the south and east.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/mongolia/land.html (818 words)

	Altan Khan \| Eijaz Khan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Doing thorough research on and sourcing quality links is time consuming when looking for information on altan khan and be able to point you to the best sites to visit.
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	apkc.info /altan-khan.htm (240 words)

	Altan Khan
		Khan being recognised as the fourth Dalai Lama.
		Khan (1507-1582) (Chinese:, Mongolian:), whose given name was Anda, was the de facto...
		Khan (1543-1582), Tibetan Buddhism, in its Lama form, reformed by Tsong-Kha-Pa (1356-1419), a sect called the...
	www.cordah.co.uk /altan_khan.html (294 words)

	Gobi Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Temujin, mainly known to Westerners by valorous title of Chenghis Khan, was born 1162.
		When Chingiz Khan died in 1227 the Mongol army had already overrun Central Asia, was in northern Persia and had penetrated deeply into China.
		He was born as a grandson of the Mongolian King Altan Khaan and was given perfect knowledge and very special care until he died in a monastery at Braivan, Central Tibet.
	www.oneearthadventures.com /gobi/history/history.htm (927 words)

	Dancing Demons - Ceremonial Masks of Mongolia
		The key event was the meeting in 1576 between Altan Khan, leader of the Tümed Mongols, and Sonam Gyatso, patriarch of the reformed Gelug order, or Yellow Hat Sect, of Tibetan Buddhism.
		At this meeting Altan Kahn conferred the title of third Dalai (Ocean, or Boundless) Lama on the patriarch and pronounced his two predecessors to be the first and second in the lineage.
		In turn, Sonam Gyatso pronounced Altan Khan to be the reincarnation of Khubilai Khan, thus beginning a long and close relationship between the Mongol Khans and the Tibetan theocracy.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/mongolia/buddha.html (963 words)

	Project: Tibet
		The grandson of Genghis Khan, Godan Khan, appointed Sakya Pandita, a great Buddhist scholar and abbot of Sakya monastery, as his spiritual advisor and gave him authority in Tibet.
		Kublai Khan used the official new script as a means of communication throughout his domain.
		In 1350, Gyrates of Pham Drupe, one of the governors of the Kaka lamas revolted and terminated Skye hegemony and Tibetan subservience to Mongol domination.
	www.mssu.edu /international/mccaleb/Tibet/Mongols.htm (1769 words)

	ALTAN KHAN? - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		When in summer of AD 1550, Altan invaded with more than 100,000 troops, the first line of Ming defences at Datong (大同) was commanded by Qiú Luán (仇鸾), who got to the position by bribing Yán Sōng.
		Altan agreed to withdraw as a condition for negotiating the establishment of a trading market (互市) between the Mongols and the Ming.
		I think the Oriats tried to gain the title of Khan but were driven out because the only people that can receive that title has to be decendents of Genghis.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4179 (1536 words)

	Anthropology, Mongolia and more... Mongolian history
		Grand Khan Mandaghol, Chinggis Khaan's twenty-seventh successor, died in 1467 as the result of a war against his great-nephew and heir Bolkho jinong [regent], and the latter in his turn was assassinated before he could be proclaimed khan (1470).
		At the same time, several other khans were to convert, and Buddhism was from then on to play a central role in steppe politics, bringing to bear its ecclesiastical organization and resources.
		Shortly after Altan Khan's conversion, in 1639, the young son of the Tüsheet Khan (like Altan Khan, a descendant of Batmönh, and thus a Chinggisid), Zanabazar (1635-1723), was proclaimed as a Buddhist incarnation.
	www.chriskaplonski.com /mongolia/medieval.html (1521 words)

	Inner Mongolia Attractions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The center of Mongolian culture, the city was founded in 1581 by the Mongol Prince Altan Khan.
		The Mausoleum of Gengghis Khan is situated in Ejin Horo Banner, 65 kilometers from Dongsheng City.
		It is at the foot of the hills and beside a stream.
	www.sinolanguage.com /InnerMongolia.htm (1290 words)

	Altan \| \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Altan, de son vrai nom Francesco Tullio-Altan, est un scénariste et dessinateur de bande dessinée italien, né le 30 septembre 1942.
		Altan is een Ierse band, die Ierse folk speelt.
		Gli Altan sono un gruppo celtico irlandese formatosi a Donegal nel 1981.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Altan/All (273 words)

	History/Tibet "roof of the world"\
		In 1247, Godan Khan invited the abbot of the Sakya Monastery, Sakya Pandita, to meet with him.
		Altan also gave him the title of Dalai Lama, which means "Ocean of Wisdom."
		Gushri Khan invaded Tibet in 1642 and conquered Tsang.
	library.thinkquest.org /25772/site/english/noframes/tour1.htm (1018 words)

	Himalayan Region, 1400–1600 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1578, Altan Khan, ruler of the Tumed Mongols, invites Sonam Gyatso, third incarnation of the abbot of Drepung, the main Gelukpa monastery, to his court.
		Khan bestows upon Gyatso the Mongolian title of "Dalai Lama" ("Ocean of Wisdom").
		The title is hereditary and the fourth Dalai Lama is a grandson of Altan Khan, who, with his followers, converts to the Gelukpa school of Tibetan Buddhism.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/ssh/ht08ssh.htm (388 words)

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