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Topic: Alto clef

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	Wikipedia: Clef
		The two dots of the F clef surround the line that represents the note F. The most common use of the F clef is the bass clef, which places F on the 2nd line from the top of the staff; the name "F clef" is frequently used to mean the bass clef.
		There are two common clefs that use the C clef symbol: The alto clef, which assigns C to the middle line of the staff, and the tenor clef, which assigns C to the second line from the top of the staff.
		The C clef is sometimes also used to indicate the mezzosoprano or flautalto clef, which assigns C to the second line from the bottom of the staff.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/c/cl/clef.html (707 words)

	Clef
		The C clef is sometimes also used to indicate the mezzo-soprano clef, which assigns C to the second line from the bottom of the staff.
		The C clef on the bottom line means soprano clef which works for violin and the clarinet in A. The 1st line C clef used also to be commonly employed until about 100 years ago for the soprano voice when vocal polyphony was displayed with each voice on its own staff.
		The "percussion clef" is not a clef in the same sense that the F, C and G clefs.
	www.mp3.fm /Clef.htm (1410 words)

	music theory basics - clefs
		The most common clefs in modern usage are the G clef (treble), F clef (bass), and C clefs (alto and tenor).
		The upper staff is marked with a treble clef, and the lower staff with a bass clef.
		Bass clef is often called F clef because the two dots surround the line for f.
	www.auburn.edu /~schafwr/theoryclefs.html (598 words)

	Music Theory / Pitch
		The middle line is B on the treble clef, D on the bass clef, C on the alto clef and A on the tenor clef.
		The treble clef symbol winds round G above Middle C. The bass clef symbol curls round F below Middle C. The alto and tenor clef symbols mirror through Middle C. The treble clef is a G clef.
		The alto and tenor clefs are C clefs.
	www.musicarrangers.com /star-theory/p02.htm (416 words)

	Clef Symbols
		It is also called an F clef because it came from an old fashion F symbol that looks like an F. The bass clef marks the fourth line of the musical staff as F. All other notes fall on the other lines and spaces accordingly.
		A C clef symbol placed on the third line of the musical staff marks that line as middle C. C clef pointing to the third line of the musical staff is called an alto clef.
		A C clef pointing to the fourth line of the musical staff marks that line as C. It is called a tenor clef.
	www.treblis.com /Notation/Clefs.html (472 words)

	Clef - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term clef is used equivocally to refer both to clef letters themselves and to particular placements of clef letters: We speak of both the C clef in general and of its placement on the middle line of a staff which we call the alto clef.
		2.2 The subbass clef and the baritone clef
		The alto clef is primarily used by the viola—and for this reason is sometimes called the viola clef.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alto_clef (2139 words)

	clef - definition by dict.die.net
		Note: The clefs are three in number, called the C, F, and G clefs, and are probably corruptions or modifications of these letters.
		They indicate that the letters of absolute pitch belonging to the lines upon which they are placed, are respectively C, F, and G. The F or bass clef, and the G or treble clef, are fixed in their positions upon the staff.
		It may be placed upon the first or lower line of the staff, in which case it is called soprano clef, upon the third line, in which case it called alto clef, or upon the fourth line, in which case tenor clef.
	dict.die.net /clef (179 words)

	Clefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A clefs is the sign at the beginning of a staff which indicates the pitch of the notes on the staff.
		The F clef (bass clef) is used on the 4th staff line, which becomes the position for f.
		The C clef has two positions: the alto/viola clef is used on the 3rd line, which becomes middle c, and the tenor clef is used on the 4th line, which becomes middle c.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /Dept/MU/Musicpress/Clefs.html (264 words)

	Music Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A clef sign is used to determine the pitch of a particular note on a stave (staff).
		All three clefs were used in a variety of positions until the later half of the 18th century.
		The F (bass) clef is positioned on the forth line, and the C clef is placed on either the third line (alto clef) or on the forth line (tenor clef).
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/1795/clefs.htm (268 words)

	New Page 1
		The bass clef is also known as the F clef because the line between the two dots of the clef is the line on which the note F3 is placed.
		The tenor clef is similar to the alto clef in that it looks the same and is also centered on C4, but the tenor clef is placed one line higher than the alto clef is placed.
		The alto notes are as follows: the lines are F, A, C, E, and G and the spaces are G, B, D, and F. The tenor lines are D, F, A, C, and E and the spaces are E, G, B, and D.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/01262/lessonstaffs.html (498 words)

	Other Clefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A clef is a symbol placed at the beginning of a musical staff that indicates the pitch of the notes on that staff.
		The alto clef is used by violas in an orchestra.
		for the alto singer and the viola, and as
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Marble/9607/0024.htm (454 words)

	Alto Trombone
		The alto trombone is generally pitched in E-flat, a perfect fourth above the more common tenor trombone, although Olds and others have produced alto trombones a step higher, in F. Modern alto trombones use a tenor trombone mouthpiece.
		Alto trombone music is notated in the alto clef—the same clef in which viola music is traditionally notated.
		As the example shows, the advantage of using alto clef for alto trombone music is that it lets notes that fall within the alto trombone's midrange be notated within the staff, thus trading the difficulty of learning a different clef for the difficulty of reading music with a large number of ledger lines.
	www.rosevillebigband.org /personnel/MoreGN/AltoTrombone.htm (305 words)

	NWCForum - Transpose Viola Clef to Tebble Clef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Alto and viola clef are one and the same.
		Alto, tenor, soprano and mezzo-soprano are all called the "C clef" or "movable clef" because the arrow of the clef indicates where middle C is.
		Any of the three clefs could be placed on any of the 5 lines, resulting in a possible 15 clefs (although there is some overlap).
	www.noteworthysoftware.com /nwcforum/498.htm (419 words)

	NWCForum - Alto Notation Help
		The alto range sits quite nicely on or near the treble clef and in modern music that is the clef that is invariably used.
		Alto clef fits the tenor/low alto range perfectly, but I've tried with no success: you're not going to convince an untrained, or even a trained, singer to read it.
		In closed score the sops and altos share a stave with the G clef and the tenors and basses likewise with the bass clef.
	www.noteworthysoftware.com /nwcforum/1821.htm (3035 words)

	Clef Programming Language
		Clef is just a toy programming language that is designed to help demonstrate some of the principles of computation theory.
		Clef is an untyped, interpreted language written by me. As a result, it's not particularly efficient.
		The syntax for user-defined functions in clef is similar to C. The greatest differences are rooted in the fact that identifiers in clef don't have types.
	web.ecs.baylor.edu /faculty/sturgill/class/theory/clef/clef.html (2315 words)

	The Music Chamber - How to Read Music
		Clefs were introduced many centuries ago mainly for singers to use.
		This is because treble clef corresponds generally to the range of a soprano singer, alto clef corresponds generally to the range of an alto singer, and bass clef corresponds generally to the range of a bass singer.
		The piano uses a variety of treble and bass clefs often rapidly switching and using combinations of the two.
	library.thinkquest.org /27110/noframes/theory/lesson5.html (937 words)

	C clef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A clef marking that may sit anywhere on the five line staff, and whichever line its center points to is middle C (c
		The most common c clefs are the tenor and alto clef, where middle C is on the fourth line and the third line, respectively.
		Two rarely used c clefs are the mezzo-soprano clef and soprano clef, where middle C is on the second line and the first line, respectively.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/textc/Cclef.html (108 words)

	Deep Secrets of Clef Reading- alto, tenor, soprano, mezzo soprano, orchestral, transposition, sight reading, ...
		These clefs were once used for vocal music (and you can still find editions of Bach's chorales and the Art of the Fugue using the soprano, alto and tenor clefs as well as treble and bass).
		Treble clef is used for higher register, but the lowest note on the instrument is C below middle C, the space below the 4th ledger line in treble clef.
		Alto clef can also be used to read parts in D (trumpets/clarinets).
	www.johnmcgann.com /clefs.html (1061 words)

	Clef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A clef is a sign at the beginning of a stave which gives the starting point for finding the note pitch of notes on the stave.
		The treble clef is an old-fashioned letter "G", and it curls round the second line of the stave, indicating that a note on this line has the note name "G".
		The bass clef is an old-fashioned letter "F", and it has the two dots either side of the fourth line, indicating that a note on this line has the note name "F", the "F" below middle "C", in the centre of a man's singing voice.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/neil_hawes/theory08.htm (348 words)

	practice learning alto clef and the viola to teach it better on 43 Things
		practice learning alto clef and the viola to teach it better
		alto clef is hard when you are used to treble — 4 months ago
		i started teaching a beginner viola lesson a few months ago and now i have to really know the alto clef and be able to read it and play violin in it.
	www.43things.com /things/view/914166 (136 words)

	Introductory Studies in Tenor & Alto Clef for Trombone "Before Blazhevich": A Review
		While Blazhevich’s quirky etudes are excellent studies for teaching clef reading while solving varied musical problems, the typical complaints are that the first section (where studies are limited by an expanding number of positions) is too simplistic and the studies in all keys and positions are too difficult for younger students.
		Introductory Studies in Tenor & Alto Clef for Trombone “Before Blazhevich” by Brad Edwards is intended to bridge the gap in the clef study literature between the overly simplistic and the overly difficult and to provide an improved introductory experience to the second section of the Blazhevich Clef Studies.
		Instead of Blazhevich’s approach of studies in all clefs limited by positions, Introductory Studies uses “Guidepost” notes to help the student transfer his or her skills reading bass clef to tenor and alto clef.
	www.trombone.org /articles/library/viewarticles.asp?ArtID=224 (591 words)

	Workshop#4 - BACHorgan.com! Johann Sebastian Bach,pipe organ
		In other words, there is no note on the alto clef that is not already very familiar to you, from either treble or bass clefs, and in the case of notes in the middle, both.
		Sebastian Bach used alto clef a lot in his chorale preludes, and in Brahms's case the composer did not limit himself to passages in which the chorale tune was being rendered (in a single voice), but anytime it was convenient.
		This is probably why I had recourse to alto clef in the first place, since its use in organ literature is most often associated with chorale adaptations.
	www.bachorgan.com /Workshop04.asp (1521 words)

	Alto Trombone Abstracts
		The purpose of this study was to examine the twentieth-century alto trombone performance practices and pedagogy in the United States.
		To ascertain the present use of the alto trombone, the author employed a questionnaire polling 332 professional orchestral trombonists and college-level trombone teachers in the United States.
		At first I transposed the parts into alto clef and read them that way, but I soon learned that this would take a great deal of time and effort.
	www.pittstate.edu /music/kehle/altrbabstracts.html (530 words)

	Hickeys Music Center - Alto Trombone Specialty Catalog
		Its sound is quite typical of the traditional alto trombone sound, with a tonal bias towards that of a small tenor trombone rather than thatof a slide flugelhorn.
		Professional alto trombone in the key of Eb, dual bore (0.491/0.500) with rotary valve to Bb.
		Johann Ludwig Krebs (1713-1780) For alto (or tenor) trombone & organ.
	www.hickeys.com /pages/altotbn.htm (723 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Staffs, Clefs & Pitch Notation
		The clef establishes the pitch of the note on one particular line of the staff and thereby fixes the pitch of all the other notes lying on, or related to, the same staff.
		The note we call middle C and which lies in the middle of the alto clef (for clarity, we have shown it in red), lies one line below the five lines of the treble clef and lies one line above the five lines of the bass clef.
		The alto clef is one of a number that use the C clef symbol, so named because the the clef symbol is centered on the horizontal line, marked in red in the diagram to the right, associated with the note middle C. The alto clef is also known as the counter-tenor clef.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory1.htm (4835 words)

	Alto Clef, Is it possible?
		Trying to decipher alto clef in the beginning gave was rather frustrating--I was so used to the good ol' treble clef from violin and had only recently begun to get the hang of the bass clef from piano.
		To learn alto clef efficiently, keep some music with you throughout the day, and say the notes for a couple of minutes every few hours when you get a chance--it will prod your brain to start transferring information over from an immediate memory pathway to a long-term pathway.
		I can read alto clef fine now, and that method for starting out (which was reccomended to me by another violist) saved my butt when it came to the end of the week and we had concerts to do.
	www.violinist.com /discussion/response.cfm?ID=6273 (1133 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The typical 'alto' range is just over two octaves, from the F below middle C to the D a ninth above it.
		The alto part in four part harmony is the second highest, as it is lower than the soprano part but higher than tenor and bass.
		In short score, the alto part is written on the treble clef below the soprano part.
	www.shs.starkville.k12.ms.us /~kh1/alto.htm (154 words)

	Alto Trombone Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the past 20 years or so, the alto trombone has made a resurgence into the musical world.
		The primary reason for this is because orchestral principal trombonists and conductors have realized that composers such as Bach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Brahms intended for the alto trombone to be used in the first trombone parts their orchestral compositions.
		The alto trombone is a high pitched intstrument, and parts are written using the alto clef.
	www.cmeabaysection.org /brass/altotrombone.html (107 words)

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