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Topic: Aluminium phosphate

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	ALUNITE - LoveToKnow Article on ALUNITE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Aluminium hydrate, A1(OH)3, is obtained as a gelatinous white precipitate, soluble in potassium or sodium hydrate, but insoluble in ammonium chloride, by adding ammonia to a cold solution of an aluminium salt; from boiling solutions the precipitate is opaque.
		Aluminium phosphates may be prepared by precipitating a soluble aluminium salt with sodium phosphate.
		Aluminium silicates are widely diffused in the mineral kingdom, being present in the commonest rock-forming minerals (felspars, andc.), and in the gem-stones, topaz, beryl, garnet, andc.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AL/ALUNITE.htm (2195 words)

	L'aluminium et la santé (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		When the natural barriers which limit the absorption of aluminium are bypassed, or when the ability of the kidneys to excrete aluminium is impaired, accumulation of aluminium compounds in the body may occur.
		Aluminium oxide, which forms on the surface of all aluminium metal in the presence of air, is stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 8.5, making aluminium suitable for storage of many different food types.
		The most convenient way to reduce phosphate absorption from the gut in order to prevent this, is to give aluminium hydroxide which binds the phosphate from the food to produce insoluble aluminium phosphate, which is not absorbed.
	aac.aluminium.qc.ca /anglais/health/index.html (2560 words)

	Patent 4008299
		C after fiberising, and starting compounds have a gram atom ratio of aluminium to phosphorus of unity, the said fibre comprises aluminium phosphate having a similar gram atom ratio of aluminium to phosphorus and which is either in the amorphous form or in one of its crystalline modifications, e.g.
		A fibre comprising aluminium phosphate and an organic material may be produced by fiberising a solution of the complex phosphate containing a dissolved organic compound; for example a methanol solution comprising aluminium chlorophosphate ethanolate and an alcohol-soluble polyamide may be spun and the resulting fibre heated to 100.degree.
		The complex phosphates may be applied as a glaze or decorative coating to clay-ware or ceramic objects and are useful in general for coating any body which forms a strong bond with aluminium phosphate, although it will be understood that their use is not restricted to examples where such strong bonds are possible.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4008299.html (6878 words)

	WHO \| Aluminium in drinking-water
		Aluminium nitrate was administered by gavage to groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on day 14 of gestation through day 21 of lactation at doses of 0, 13, 26, or 52 mg of aluminium per kg of body weight per day.
		Aluminium nitrate was administered by intubation to male Sprague-Dawley rats at 0, 13, 26, or 52 mg of aluminium per kg of body weight per day for 60 days prior to mating and to virgin females for 14 days prior to mating, with treatment continuing throughout mating, gestation, parturition, and weaning of the litters.
		Aluminium hydroxide (57 mg of aluminium per kg of body weight) given with lactic acid (570 mg/kg of body weight) to mice by gavage was not toxic, but aluminium lactate (57 mg of aluminium per kg of body weight) produced developmental toxicity, including poor ossification, skeletal variations, and cleft palate (Colomina et al., 1992).
	www.who.int /water_sanitation_health/dwq/wsh0304_53/en/index6.html (1248 words)

	Patent 4015050
		Suitable complex aluminium phosphates are halogen-containing complex phosphates of aluminium containing at least one chemically-bound molecule of a hydroxy compound R-OH wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
		C is normally sufficient to form a coat of aluminium phosphate, the coating is preferably heated to a temperature in excess of 100.degree.
		When the solution of the complex phosphate is non-aqueous, for example when the solvent is ethanol, it is preferred to use a boric acid ester or ether or a silicic acid ester or ether, for example methyl borate, trimethoxy boroxine or ethyl silicate, to suppress the crystallisation of aluminium phosphate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4015050.html (4202 words)

	ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE (PHOSPHORIC ACID, ALUMINUM SALT)
		Aluminum (Aluminium in British English) is a silver-white (with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure), ductile and light metal element in the member of group IIIa of the periodic table.
		Aluminium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice that is stable from 4 K to melting point.
		Aluminium is allied to form many hard, durable, light, corrosion-resistant and readily worked into a variety of shapes which are vital to the building, transportation, aerospace and consumer durable goods industries.
	www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/industrialchem/inorganic/ALUMINIUM%20PHOSPHATE.htm (1711 words)

	ICMR Bulletin August, 1999
		However, the type of aluminium utensils (new or old), pH, form and composition of the food, duration of contact with the food during cooking and presence of salt, sugar and ions such as fluoride, chloride and carbonate are likely to affect the extent of leaching of aluminium into the food.
		Aluminium toxicity has been reported to develop over weeks or months in patients with chronic renal failure when dialysis fluids or parenteral solutions contained aluminium, or when higher aluminium was ingested through aluminium containing oral phosphate binders.
		As aluminium vessels are the most commonly used cookware in rural and semi-urban India, a study was undertaken to assess the contribution of aluminium cooking utensils to the total daily intake of aluminium.
	icmr.nic.in /buaug99.htm (4017 words)

	546. Sodium aluminium phosphate (acidic and basic) (WHO Food Additives Series 17)
		Short-term studies Mice Groups each of 40 mice equally divided by sex were fed diets containing bread leavened with aluminium (2.07 or 4.1 g Al/100 g bread) as aluminium phosphate baking powder for a period of 4 months.
		Patients with renal failure are at greater risk of aluminium overload, since administered aluminium is retained because of the functional impairment of the kidney (Alfrey et al., 1976).
		Although high levels of aluminium in the diet have been reported to interfere with phosphate metabolism, presumably through the formation of insoluble aluminophosphate salts, this effect was not observed when phosphorus-containing aluminium salts were used.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v17je26.htm (1086 words)

	Aluminium and Soya Milk
		Aluminium sulphates are added to water by many local authorities to clear water and give it a 'clean' appearance.
		Aluminium cookware (now discouraged) was in use for many years in households throughout the country and certainly added to the overall consumption of the metal.
		It also concerned those most at risk from aluminium poisoning including patients with kidney disease (who are less able to excrete aluminium); newborn infants during the first week of life (longer for premature babies where the gut is more permeable); and possibly the elderly whose kidneys are not very efficient.
	www.purifymind.com /AluminiumSoya.htm (1132 words)

	Phosphates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The Phosphate class is made up of minerals with a basic chemical unit of tetrahedral (PO4) groups with the Phosphorus atom at the center and Oxygens at each of the four corners.
		The typical phosphate is vitreous to dull, often strongly colored, above average in density, average in hardness (4-7) and low in index of refraction unless ions such as Lead are present.
		Some phosphates are primary minerals in igneous rocks and in pegmatities, whereas others are secondary species formed by weathering processes in near-surface situations.
	www.wildaboutrocks.com /category12_1.htm (981 words)

	Medical citations on vaccination
		We conclude that the MMF lesion is secondary to intramuscular injection of aluminium hydroxide-containing vaccines, shows both long-term persistence of aluminium hydroxide and an ongoing local immune reaction, and is detected in patients with systemic symptoms which appeared subsequently to vaccination.
		Aluminium is widely used as an adjuvant in human vaccines, and children can often receive up to 3.75 mg of parenteral aluminium during the first six months of life.
		Aluminium compounds such as aluminium phosphate and aluminium hydroxide are the most commonly used adjuvants with vaccines for human use.
	www.whale.to /a/al3.html (545 words)

	PIGMENTS - LoveToKnow Article on PIGMENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The metallic pigments, gold, silver, aluminium and platinum, belong here; of these, silver alone is easily susceptible of change, tarnishing by combination with sulphur.
		Silica~es.Terre verte, which is a natural green ochre containing a silicate of iron, potassium and magnesium, and one other silicate, smalt, an artificial glass containing a silicate of cobalt and potassium, constitute this small group.
		However, some of the ochreous earths contain silicates of iron, manganese and aluminium, as well as hydrates of the two former metals, and so have some claim to be ranked with the silicates.
	16.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PI/PIGMENTS.htm (3038 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The growth response of wheat genotypes supplied with phosphorus fertiliser at different rates (banded or mixed throughout the soil) and sparingly soluble phosphorus sources (aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate) is not known.
		When supplied with aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate, the 2 phosphorus-fertiliser-responsive genotypes had larger roots and higher concentration of phosphorus in the shoots and roots, while the phosphorus utilisation-efficient wheat genotypes (Westonia and Gutha) had higher shoot weights than phosphorus fertiliser-responsive ones.
		The aluminium phosphate treatment caused genotypes to increase root exudation of oxalic anions, uptake of phosphorus and growth, compared with the iron phosphate treatment.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/72/paper/EA01087.htm (331 words)

	Phosphorus
		Because phosphate is a good fertilizer, the use of phosphates in cleaning agents is now discouraged to avoid eutrophication of the waste water.
		Phosphates are not to be feared in the least, and are among the safest additives of all.
		The soluble acid phosphate and the gypsum are spread on the land together.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/phosphor.htm (4879 words)

	First global approval for FOSRENOL (lanthanum carbonate)
		FOSRENOL is a treatment for high phosphate levels in the blood (hyperphosphataemia), which occurs in patients with end stage renal failure.
		Even with a low phosphate diet as many as 80% of dialysis patients develop hyperphosphataemia.1,2 Estimates show that there are 225,000 people undergoing dialysis in Europe, 290,000 people with end stage renal failure in the US, and 167,000 people in the Pacific Rim who need dialysis treatment.
		As a consequence, overall phosphate absorption from the diet is decreased significantly.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-03/rc-fga032404.php (692 words)

	Excite UK Channels - Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Aluminium hydroxide is most commonly used as an antacid in a variety of preparations.
		Aluminium hydroxide is also used in cases where there is too much phosphate in the blood, such as in individuals with renal failure.
		Serum phosphate levels should be monitored in all individuals receiving phosphate binders.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /excite/medicines/show_main.asp?id=3289 (515 words)

	VARLEY, J. - LoveToKnow Article on VARLEY, J. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Finally, there is a group of spotted rocks formerly kno4,rn to French petrographers as the variolites du Drac from the locality in which they are found, but they have been proved to be merely vesicular, rotten diabases, with steam cavities filled with white calcite and other secondary minerals.
		(J. VARISCITE, a native hydrous aluminium phosphate, A1PO4.2H20, named by A. Breithaupt, in 1837, in consequence of its occurrence in the Saxon Voigtland (Variscia).
		It is a green mineral generally occurring as an incrustation or in nodules.
	80.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VA/VARLEY_J_.htm (1696 words)

	BK Giulini Corporation
		As a leading manufacturer of antacid aluminium and magnesium compounds for the world market, we offer our customers not only standard products but also a range of speciality grades, which are adjusted to the pharmacological and technical requirements of the recipient.
		Low-sodium aluminium hydroxide-magnesium carbonate co-dried gel, powder; comparable properties to C 220, but with a sodium content of less than 0,5%; suitable for low-sodium preparations.
		This compound is a complex hydroxycarbonate of magnesium and aluminium; fast reaction with hydrochloric acid even in the presence of proteins.
	www.chembuyersguide.com /partners/bkgiulini.html (1154 words)

	Management of hyperphosphataemia of chronic kidney disease: lessons from the past and future directions -- Malluche and ...
		that aluminium was poorly absorbed from the gut.
		lanthanum chloride hydrate as a phosphate binder in rats.
		Magnesium hydroxide as a complementary aluminium-free phosphate binder to moderate doses of oral calcium in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: lack of deleterious effect on bone mineralisation.
	ndt.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/7/1170 (3333 words)

	Alzheimer's disease Laura Mc Kay Loreto College Colerain Chemistry Key Skill AS Level
		Aluminium in the diet of an average adult usually ranges from about 5 mg per day to 12 mg per day, although people on special medication may receive more than 1000 mg per day, usually as aluminium hydroxide The main aluminium compound used in medicine is aluminium hydroxide.
		Aluminium absorption is higher if antacids are taken with orange juice instead of water.
		When the ability of the kidneys to excrete aluminium is impaired, accumulation of aluminium compounds in the body may occur.
	www.ifa.ukf.net /altz/alzheimer.htm (1279 words)

	Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance aluminium resistance of broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.) -- Cumming and Ning ...
		Aluminium toxicity in plants: the role of the root plasma membrane and calmodulin.
		Aluminium interactions with voltage-dependent calcium transport in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots of aluminium-sensitive and -resistant wheat cultivars.
		Kothari SK, Marschner H, Romheld V. Contribution of the VA mycorrhizal hyphae in the acquisition of phosphorus and zinc by maize grown in a calcareous soil.
	jxb.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/386/1447 (5793 words)

	Phosphate reduction starts within one week of treatment with Fosrenol(r) (lanthanum carbonate)
		Chronic kidney failure is complicated by hyperphosphataemia — high phosphate levels in the blood — caused by the inability of the kidneys (and dialysis) to filter out excess phosphate from food.
		Aluminium-based phosphate binders are associated with severe bone toxicity while calcium-based binders contribute to cardiovascular disease by promoting the deposition of hard calcium deposits (calcification) in the heart and blood vessels.
		Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-titration, Phase III study assessing the efficacy and tolerability of lanthanum carbonate: a new phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-06/rc-prs063003.php (928 words)

	Aluminium and Phosphate Uptake by Phragmites australis: the Role of Fe, Mn and Al Root Plaques -- BATTY et al. 89 (4): ...
		Aluminium and Phosphate Uptake by Phragmites australis: the Role of Fe, Mn and Al Root Plaques -- BATTY et al.
		Iron and manganese plaque deposits are known to form on the outer surface of roots of wetland plants.
		The authors show that iron and/or aluminium plaques immobilize the essential nutrient phosphorus at the root surface.
	aob.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/4/443/DC1 (101 words)

	TURPIN, ARCHBP. OF REIMS - LoveToKnow Article on TURPIN, ARCHBP. OF REIMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The name callainite was suggested by Professor J. Dana for a bright green mineral which was found in the form of beads, with stone hatchets, in ancient graves near Mane-er-H'roek (Rock of the Fairy), near Locmariaquer in Brittany, and which A. Damour sought to identify with Pliny's callais.
		The mineral in question seems to be identical with variscite, a hydrous aluminium phosphate named by A. Breithaupt, and occurring as a beautiful green amorphous mineral, sometimes polished as an ornamental stone; fine examples occur in Utah.
		Somewhat allied to turquoise is the blue mineral called lazulite (to be distinguished from lazurite, see LAPIS LAZULI), which has the formula (Fe2Mg)Al2(OH)(PO4), and has occasionally been used as an ornamental stone.
	28.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TU/TURPIN_ARCHBP_OF_REIMS.htm (1465 words)

	News - Phosphate Reduction Starts Within One Week Of Treatment With Fosrenol (Lanthanum Carbonate)
		By the end of the double-blind phase, the mean difference in serum phosphate levels between the lanthanum carbonate and placebo groups was 1.91 mg/dL (0.62 mmol/L) (p<0.0001).
		FL works by binding to dietary phosphate in the GI tract; once bound, the Fosrenol/phosphate complex cannot pass through the intestinal lining into the blood stream and is eliminated from the body.
		Chronic kidney failure is complicated by hyperphosphataemia -- high phosphate levels in the blood -- caused by the inability of the kidneys (and dialysis) to filter out excess phosphate from food.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/8525697700573E1885256D5500615547 (1121 words)

	Duofos is soluble and it has less chance to harden, as it does not readily react with iron, and aluminium. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Duofos is soluble and it has less chance to harden, as it does not readily react with iron, and aluminium.
		The negative effect of Superphosphate and Ammonium Phosphate: Water soluble phosphoric acid contained in ammonium phosphate and Superphosphate reacts with iron, aluminium, manganese, magnesium and other components found in soil and changes to insoluble phosphoric acid, ferric phosphate, aluminium phosphate, manganese phosphate and hardens.
		Using Superphosphate/ammonium phosphate: only around 20% of Phosphorus is absorbed by plants; the rest is fixed, causing soil salinisation, soil degradations and waterways pollutions.
	www.maduraguano.com /english/natural.htm (131 words)

	Commercial And Regulatory Operations Committee - Kingsbridge Evacuation (EP/00/1) - 17 January 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Although the aluminium phosphate had been covered with sand, and was not giving off fumes, the weather forecast indicated scattered showers, which could possibly cause more fumes to be given off.
		The Police advised that all living in the cordoned area would need to be evacuated before the sacks containing aluminium phosphate could be removed for disposal, but at this stage were unable to say when or exactly how many people would be evacuated, an upper figure appeared to be 200.
		It was, however, considered essential that the population in the cordoned area be evacuated before the sand covering was removed, and the sacks taken away for disposal.
	atschool.eduweb.co.uk /bheber1/gnvq-ict/External/DCC/reports/ep001.html (1962 words)

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