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Topic: Aluminium phosphide

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	220. Hydrogen phosphide (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 1)
		IDENTITY The data here considered refer to hydrogen phosphide from tablets, pellets or paper packets containing aluminium phosphide from which the gas is released on exposure to the atmosphere.
		Phosphine was released by suspension of the sample in aqueous acid and toluene in a sealed flask and the amount in the toluene layer was determined by gas-chromatography using a photometric detector.
		Appraisal Preparations of aluminium phosphide which evolve hydrogen phosphide by reaction with moisture in the surrounding atmosphere are used for the post-harvest fumigation of a wide range of produce including processed foods.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v071pr16.htm (2062 words)

	Aluminium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion (due to the phenomenon of passivation) and its light weight.
		Aluminium is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air.
		Aluminium was selected as the material to be used for the apex of the Washington Monument, at a time when one ounce cost twice the daily wages of a common worker in the project; aluminium was a semiprecious metal at that time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aluminum (4970 words)

	Aluminium - WOI Encyclopedia Italia
		Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight.
		Aluminium was selected as the material to be used for the apex of the Washington Monument, at a time when one ounce cost twice the daily wages of a common worker in the project.
		In other persons, aluminium is not considered as toxic as heavy metals, but there is evidence of some toxicity if it is consumed in excessive amounts, although the use of aluminium cookware, popular because of its corrosion resistance and good heat conduction, has not been shown to lead to aluminium toxicity in general.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php/Aluminium (4205 words)

	UK P&I Club - Fumigation (Phosphine) Explosions
		The cause of the explosion was attributed to the ongoing fumigation of the cargo grain that was being treated with phosphine gas generated from aluminium phosphide tablets.
		Phosphine gas is generated from aluminium phosphide tablets by reaction of the aluminium phosphide with moisture in the air.
		Aluminium phosphide tablets are routinely used in fumigation and a very large number of shipments are fumigated annually without any problems.
	www.ukpandi.com /UkPandi/Infopool.nsf/HTML/LPBulletin289 (572 words)

	Manual of fumigation for insect control - Chemicals used as fumigants (cont.) - Phosphine
		Aluminium phosphide is formulated 8S tablets, pellets or small sachets of powder with additional materials such as ammonium carbamate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea and paraffin to regulate release of fumigant and suppress flammability.
		In formulations of aluminium phosphide, a small amount of unreacted material may also remain, and hence some precautions should be taken to avoid hazards from the unspent formulation.
		Aluminium or magnesium phosphide powder is compressed into hard round or flat tablets about 3 9 in weight or pellets of 0.6 9, which yield approximately 1 and 0.29 of phosphine, respectively.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X5042E/x5042E0a.htm (4678 words)

	Aluminium gallium indium phosphide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP, also AlInGaP, InGaAlP, etc.) is a semiconductor material.
		AlGaInP layer is often grown by heteroepitaxy on gallium arsenide or gallium phosphide in order to form a quantum well structure.
		Band structure parameters of quaternary phosphide semiconductor alloys investigated by magneto-optical spectroscopy, I J Griffin, D Wolverson, J J Davies, M Emam-Ismail, J Heffernan, A H Kean, S W Bland and G Duggan, Semicond.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphide (139 words)

	TribuneIndia...AgricultureTribune
		Aluminium phosphide is available in the market by several other brand names also, like alphos, quickphos, phostoxin, phosphotex, etc. With the Green Revolution, the use of aluminium phosphide has increased manifold.
		Aluminium phosphide is available in the form of tablet and each tablet weighs about 3 gm.
		Phosphite and hypophosphite are the harmless residues of aluminium phosphide that remains in the grains after fumigation in less levels than WHO safe limits — 0.1pm.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99nov29/agro.htm (3313 words)

	Two commonly used pesticides and insecticides in agriculture are phosphides... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Aluminium pphosphide (AIP) is a solid fumigant pesticide used in preservation of grains at home grain silos and warehouses throughout the country; while zinc hosphide (Zn) is used to protect the stored grains from insects and especially roadents (rats).
		Aluminium phosphide is used by putting the tablet at the bottom of preserved grains so that gas gets evolved with its reaction with moisture of grains and diffuses uniformly in the grains and protects it from pests.
		The zinc phosphide is used in the form of baits with wheat flour or sugar beets to cover the powder and corners of the room where unfumigated grains are put before fumigation.
	www.indegene.com /Gen/FeatArt/indGenFeatArt16.html (3165 words)

	DPIW - Rabbit Control - Fumigation
		Aluminium phosphide reacts with moisture in the ground to release phosphine gas.
		When using aluminium phosphide tablets cut the burrow entrance back so there is at least 30 cm of soil between the surface and top of the burrow (see figure).
		Complete decomposition of aluminium phosphide tablets may take up to 72 hours if the humidity in the burrow is low.
	www.dpiw.tas.gov.au /inter.nsf/WebPages/RPIO-4ZP2Q8?open (494 words)

	Aluminium-Silicon Casting Alloys
		Aluminium alloys are grouped according to the major alloying elements they contain.
		Although the alloy is slightly hypereutectoid in composition, there is evidence that solidification started with primary aluminium dendrites (sections of aluminium dendrite arms are visible).
		Silicon nucleates on aluminium phosphide particles present in the melt as impurities.
	www.msm.cam.ac.uk /phase-trans/abstracts/M7-8.html (684 words)

	[No title]
		Aluminium phosphide (Class 6) contained in aluminium flasks.
		The aluminium phosphide was packed in cardboard boxes, each containing 14 aluminium flasks.
		After thorough evaluation, ocean dumping was shown to be a safe and satisfactory option that could be recommended for aluminium phosphide and related types of chemicals.
	www.kustbevakningen.se /ra/volume2/annex3accidents/rioneuquen.htm (427 words)

	AUFBAU1 [METALS: ALUMINIUM & ZINC COMPOUNDS]
		Aluminium and zinc are both used to test for the presence of nitrate ions.
		Aluminium chloride and zinc phosphide are both prepared directly by heating their respective elements.
		Aluminium hydroxide is used as a coagulating agent in helping to remove suspended solids from domestic water supplies.
	www.wissensdrang.com /auf1az.htm (680 words)

	ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE (ICSC)
		The substance irritates the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract.
		Inhalation of phosphine liberated from aluminium phosphide may cause lung oedema (see Notes).
		The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system, nervous system and respiratory tract, resulting in impaired functions and respiratory failure.
	www.inchem.org /documents/icsc/icsc/eics0472.htm (373 words)

	Dangerous phosphine practices in West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is released from either aluminium or magnesium phosphide, which are available in a variety of formulations, the most common being three gram tablets.
		Gas is liberated from aluminium phosphide when tablets are exposed to water vapour in air.
		One retailer, who stocks both tablets and sachets of powdered aluminium phosphide, believed the formulations functioned in different ways, he was unaware that both produced phosphine gas.
	www.pan-uk.org /pestnews/pn53/pn53p4.htm (1795 words)

	Indium(III) phosphide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indium phosphide (InP) is a binary semiconductor composed of indium and phosphorus.
		InP is also used as a substrate for epitaxial indium gallium arsenide based opto-electronic devices.
		Indium phosphide also has one of the longest-lived optical phonons of any compound with the zincblende crystal structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Indium_phosphide (201 words)

	WHO \| Management of Poisoning: A handbook for health care workers
		Aluminium phosphide and zinc phosphide are used to preserve grain, especially wheat, and to kill rats.
		When aluminium phosphide or zinc phosphide is swallowed, poisonous effects are due to phosphine released in the gut.
		As aluminium phosphide or zinc phosphide tablets and pellets give off phosphine when exposed to air, the tablets themselves soon become less poisonous.
	www.who.int /ipcs/publications/training_poisons/management_of_poisoning/en/index3.html (8938 words)

	About LEDs - What is an LED - Light Emitting Diodes - for LED motorcycle lighting, led motorcycle light kits, ...
		Commercially viable blue LEDs based on the wide bandgap semiconductor gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride were invented by Shuji Nakamura while working in Japan at Nichia Corporation in 1993 and became widely available in the late 1990s.
		The LED chip emits blue light, part of which is efficiently converted to a broad spectrum centered at about 580 nm (yellow) by the Ce The single crystal form of Ce :YAG is actually considered a scintillator rather than a phosphor.
		Due to the spectral characteristics of the diode, the red and green colors of objects in its blue+yellow light are not as vivid as in broad-spectrum light.
	www.chromeglow.com /store.asp?pid=6935&catid=19650 (989 words)

	Pest Control M.Walshe - Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Aluminium Phosphide is also referred to as the dry gas, as it available in a solid form.
		Aluminium Phosphide in tablet, pellets or in a sachet form, on reacting with moisture in the surrounding air will slowly release Phosphine.
		One has to be very cautious on how of Aluminium Phosphide is applied due to its inherent problem of inflammability.
	www.mwalshe.com /service.html (919 words)

	Sodium Aluminium Phosphate
		with boron trioxide; by fusing aluminium phosphate with sodium sulphate; by heating alumina to...
		adsorbed on to aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate.
		For most consumers the amount of aluminium absorbed into food from cooking utensils is unlikely to be harmful.
	sodiumphosphate.moatsodium.com /sodiumaluminiumphosphate (538 words)

	UK P&I Club - Grain fires caused by fumigants - Dangers of using Hydrogen Phosphide (Phosphine)
		Sachets of fumigation strips containing either magnesium phosphide or aluminium phosphide are distributed either on the surface of the cargo or below the surface by means of probes.
		Water vapour from the cargo can penetrate into the solid phosphide which reacts with it releasing phosphine gas which is highly toxic and potentially spontaneously combustible.
		Magnesium phosphide, which generates phosphine at a faster rate, may be used for a short sea voyage.
	www.ukpandi.com /ukpandi/infopool.nsf/HTML/LPBulletin47 (334 words)

	Antipest (K) Ltd - Cockroach control
		A highly toxic, flammable and explosive gas, phosphine is released from either aluminium or magnesium phosphide.
		Although both magnesium phosphide and aluminium phosphide release phosphine in a similar manner, the rate at which the gas is released is different.
		In both cases the rate of release is temperature dependent, but since magnesium phosphide has a lower boiling point, it releases phosphine at a greater rate than aluminium at any given temperature.
	www.antipest.co.ke /Gastoxin.html (377 words)

	eMJA: Dangerous bodies: a case of fatal aluminium phosphide poisoning
		To the Editor: In their case report entitled "Dangerous bodies", Nocera and colleagues described a case of poisoning with aluminium phosphide tablets,1 which generate the fumigant gas phosphine when exposed to moisture.
		In parts of India, where wheat is commonly stored in the home before being ground into flour, aluminium phosphide tablets are widely available for household use to stem insect attack on the grain.
		We do not believe that any hospital or emergency department staff should be exposed to avoidable danger during antemortem or postmortem care of patients, or that healthcare institutions should be exempt from their statutory obligations under occupational health and safety legislation.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/176_08_150402/chr_noc_letters.html (905 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Ludhiana Stories
		Ludhiana: Aluminium phosphide is the most common type of poison which is consumed by those who commit suicide or attempt to commit suicide in Punjab.
		Dr T.M. Jaison, acting Director of the CMC, feels that the government should ban the sale of aluminium phosphide as it is available in almost all the households in Punjab in general and rural areas in particular.
		According to Dr Jasbir Dhanoa, Head of the Department of Medicine, CMCH, aluminium phosphide is available in three-gram tablets and 1/6th of the tablet is sufficient to kill a person.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2002/20020807/ldh3.htm (372 words)

	East Sussex man breached pesticide laws
		The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) prosecution under FEPA stems from Mr Keightley, as an employee of a pest control company on the 10 September 2001, applied aluminium phosphide pellets in a private householders back yard to control moles within three metres of the dwelling, contrary to the approval for use of the substance.
		The case under Section 7 of HSWA was brought because having applied the substance, Mr Keightley left the remaining pellets with the householder with no instructions on its safe storage and use.
		It is a statutory condition of use that aluminium phosphide is used only by an instructed or trained operator.
	www.hse.gov.uk /press/2003/e03074.htm (412 words)

	United Phosphorous buys into two US firms- The Economic Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The case, which was filed against the Donfox family and its associate companies in '97, alleged that the Donfox family was using United Phosphorous' label to sell aluminium phosphide.
		The company, a major exporter of aluminium phosphide to the US, had filed for a damage claim of $3m.
		Aluminium phosphide sales constitute 8% of the company's total turnover of Rs 644 crore.
	economictimes.indiatimes.com /cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?artid=34301312 (402 words)

	The Latest Studies on Coconut Oil
		One of the more interesting uses of coconut oil found in the human toxicology literature involves the beneficial use of coconut oil as a successful treatment for acute aluminium phosphide poisoning.
		This poison is used to control pests in grain storage facilities where it functions as a poisonous gas, namely phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison.
		The patient described in this case study survived following rapid treatment which included taking baking soda and coconut oil, as well as supportive care, and it was concluded that coconut oil had a significant use as an added part of the treatment protocol in this type of poisoning.
	www.westonaprice.org /knowyourfats/coconut-oil-studies.html (1115 words)

	Indegene - Poison Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Aluminium Phosphide (AlP) is a grain presentative used widely by the northern wheat producing states of India.
		It I available in the form of greenish-grey tablets (3 gm each) with garlic like odour containing aluminium phosphide, urea and ammonium carbonate.
		Upon exposure to air the tablets are disintegrated releasing phosphine, carbon dioxide and ammonia gases.
	www.indegene.com /Main/Info/indAlPhosPoisoning.asp (254 words)

	Detia-Degesch GmbH - First Aid
		Aluminium phosphide 56 - 57% T+, F R 15/29-28-32 CAS-No. 20859-73-8
		Substances to be avoided: water and acids cause aluminium phosphide to decompose in a violent reaction into highly inflammable hydrogen phosphide
		It describes the product with respect to the safety measures required and should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties nor must it be altered or transferred to other products.
	www.detia.de /en/aid_seite_2.htm (706 words)

	Phosphorus Pentoxide Manufacturer,Phosphorus Trichloride Manufacturer,Phosphorus Trichloride Exporter,Phosphorus ...
		In 1991 in order to have diversified portfolio the company started to manufacture agro chemicals like Aluminium Phosphide "SANPHOS" which is used as fumigant and Zinc Phosphide Technical "RATIL" rodenticide at Vapi (Gujarat).
		Aluminium Phosphide fumigant "SANPHOS" is used to protect stored commodities from damage by insects and for control of burrowing pests.
		Zinc phosphide "RATIL" is an inorganic chemical that is used to control rats, mice, voles, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, nutria, muskrats, feral rabbits, and gophers.
	www.indiamart.com /sandhya-organics (650 words)

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