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Topic: Alveoli

	Alveoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The alveoli are the final branchings of the respiratory tree and act as the primary gas exchange units of the lung.
		To reach the blood, oxygen must diffuse through the alveolar epithelium, a thin interstitial space, and the capillary endothelium; CO2 follows the reverse course to reach the alveoli.
		Type II cells are more compact and are responsible for producing surfactant, a phospholipid which lines the alveoli and serves to differentially reduce surface tension at different volumes, contributing to alveolar stability.
	oac.med.jhmi.edu /res_phys/Encyclopedia/Alveoli/Alveoli.HTML (142 words)

	Pulmonary alveolus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the lung, the alveoli are spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles and are the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood.
		The alveoli are found in the respiratory zone of the lungs.
		The rest of the difference is due to the continual uptake of oxygen by the pulmonary capillaries, and the continual diffusion of CO out of the capillaries into the alveoli.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alveoli (1268 words)

	* Alveoli - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are many million alveoli in each lung and the groups of tiny air sacs are found at the end of the minute air passages called the bronchioles.
		Tobacco smoke damages the lungs' alveoli, the tiny air sacs through which inhaled oxygen is transferred to the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is passed back to the lungs to be exhaled...
		The disorder is characterized by deposits of in the basement membranes of both the kidney glomerulus and the lung alveoli, causing both and pulmonary (lung) bleeding...
	www.bestknows.com /disease/alveoli.html (718 words)

	American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine: Number of Alveoli in the Human Lung, The
		The total number of alveoli in the lung is therefore one of the key structural determinants of the architecture of the respiratory parenchyma and, therefore, for adequate lung function.
		This is largely due to the fact that alveoli are not discrete, separate particles but rather a set of open saccules or pronounced surface irregularities with openings making them impossible to define unambiguously in single histologic sections.
		Alveoli were defined as alveolar lumen and septae, excluding respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4085/is_200401/ai_n9360859 (1311 words)

	Alveoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The alveoli (singular: alveolus) are very small porous air sacs found in the lung tissue of certain organisms.
		In the alveoli, this means oxygen in the red blood cells will have a lower concentration than in the air.
		This causes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood, binding to haemoglobin protein molecules, and the diffusion of carbon dioxide through to the alveoli to be expelled into the air.
	www.theezine.net /a/alveoli.html (627 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Alveoli are where the gases diffuse from the lungs into the blood stream.
		The alveoli are sac-like structures with an average diameter of 250 micrometers.
		When the alveoli decrease their size during exhalation, the water molecules are attracted to each one another and attempt to collapse the alveoli.
	dept.kent.edu /biology/courses/60495/resp.htm (2075 words)

	Search Results for "Alveoli" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		...it floats in water, and crepitates when handled, owing to the presence of air in the alveoli; it is also highly elastic; hence the retracted state of these organs...
		The smallest lobules consist of a cluster of rounded alveoli, which open into the smallest branches of the lactiferous ducts; these...
		The epithelium of the cornea and conjunctiva, and that which lines the ducts and alveoli of the lacrimal gland, are of ectodermal origin, as are also the...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col107%amp;query=Alveoli (306 words)

	Bronchioles.com: Information about bronchioles and alveoli, anatomy and histology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bronchioles conduct air to the respiratory epithelium of the sac-like alveoli.
		Alveoli make up most of the lung tissue and are the major sites for gas exchange.
		Each alveoli is about 200 µ in diameter composed of very thin squamous epithelium.
	www.bronchioles.com (581 words)

	Alveoli and Bronchioles
		Alveoli shown coming off main mucus filled bronchus with cellular elements of the immune system flo...
		Alveoli of the lungs filled with fluid caused by bacterial pneumonia.
		Mucus plug, hyperinflated alveoli, hyperactive submucosal glands, dilated ducts, tissue edema, dilated and engorged capillari...
	www.indexedvisuals.com /html/Search/alveoliandbronchioles.htm (175 words)

	The Alveoli
		The alveolar sacs consist of many alveoli and are composed of a single layer of epithelial tissue.
		In the spaces between the alveoli of the lungs is elastic connective tissue which is important for exhalation.
		It is through the moist walls of both the alveoli and the capillaries that rapid exchange of CO2 and O2 occurs.
	www.maexamhelp.com /id109.htm (1143 words)

	Lung Toxicology Problem Set (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		One of the primary functions of the alveoli is to create a large surface area in the lungs.
		This can happen very quickly because the surface are of the alveoli is large and the membranes separating the lungs from the red blood cells are very thin.
		They are divided into many smaller spaces, the alveoli, and that give them a very large surface area inside.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /chh/problem_sets/lung_toxicology/03t.html (228 words)

	RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The luminal diameter of a branch is related to the number of alveoli at the end of that branch (axial and lateral pathways).
		Adjacent alveoli have numerous interalveolar connections or pores which function as a means of collateral ventilation; that is, if the lung is partially deflated, ventilation can occur to some extent through these pores.
		In the alveoli, the exudates are beginning to organize with fibroblastic activity, collagen deposition and fibrosis in the alveolar space.
	edcenter.med.cornell.edu /CUMC_PathNotes/Respiratory/Respiratory.html (12734 words)

	Product having alveoli, semi-finished product therefor and method of making the products - Patent 5171621 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Accordingly, regardless of the specific depth of material removed from the surface proximate the plurality of alveoli, the respective contours of the alveoli with the surface remain substantially the same.
		The diameters of the contours of the alveoli vary in the sense of a progressive decrease of the alveoli located in the zones 5a towards the alveoli located in zones 5b by going through the desired value D at the level of some alveoli localized between zones 5a and 5b.
		The handle 201 has on a peripheral surface 205, alveoli 206 whose respective junctions with the surface 205 define circular contours 207 which are mutually identical, at least in appearance, and for example, circular and substantially of the same diameter.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5171621.html (4114 words)

	Alveoli History - Alveoli Information
		Because the alveoli are composed of only a single, thin layer of tissue, oxygen in the inhaled air can cross out of the alveoli and into the capillaries, where it binds with the hemoglobin found in red blood cells.
		Carbon dioxide crosses out of the capillaries into the alveoli at the same time that oxygen is crossing out of the alveoli and into the capillaries.
		It is interesting to note that, when comparing the alveoli of various species, the alveoli change in terms of both size and quantity.
	www.bookrags.com /other/health/alveoli-wap.html (409 words)

	The Structure of Alveoli and their role in Gas Exchange including the role and function of Surfactants.
		One role of the surfactant in alveoli is to dramatically reduce the net amount of outward pressure required to inflate the alveoli.
		The main property of the surfactant which coats the alveoli is that it reduces the surface tension by a factor of about 15 compared to the normal mucous tissue fluid in which the alveoli are immersed.
		Their lungs are not developed enough to produce surfactant, and it is hard for them to inflate the lungs in their first breath as their alveoli have never been inflated before, and also their lungs may become over-filled with tissue fluid.
	www.coursework.info /i/63322.html (413 words)

	Surfactant protein A accumulating in the alveoli of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: oligomeric structure ...
		Surfactant protein A accumulating in the alveoli of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: oligomeric structure and interaction with lipids.
		Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a diffuse lung disease of unknown etiology in which the alveoli and terminal bronchioles of the lung fill with large amounts of surfactant-rich lipoproteinaceous materials.
		Analysis of APP by Bio Gel A15m column chromatography revealed that it was composed of two protein peaks, one of which (APP-I) eluted at the position near that of blue dextran whereas the other (APP-II) eluted far behind blue dextran but ahead of thyroglobulin.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/573330.html (376 words)

	ARDS - Index - PulmonologyChannel
		Once the alveoli collapse, gas exchange ceases, and the body becomes starved of oxygen.
		About 90% of the cells that make up the alveoli are very thin "type I epithelial cells" across which actual gas exchange takes place.
		If the original injury is in the alveolar capillaries that lie just beneath the alveoli, chemical mediators (usually cytokines) that the immune system releases in response, rush to the site of the injury, damaging and causing inflammation to the cells that line the capillaries (i.e., the capillary endothelium).
	pulmonarychannel.com /ards (597 words)

	Respiratory System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At the end of each of these tubes are small air sacs called alveoli.
		Capillaries, which are small blood vessels with thin walls, are wrapped around these alveoli.
		In this way, oxygen seeps through into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide, in the bloodstream, seeps through into the alveoli, and is then removed from the body when we breathe out.
	www4.tpgi.com.au /users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html (196 words)

	Mammary Alveoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The blue circles are nuclei of cells in the alveoli and stroma.
		Nevertheless, it is clear that the alveoli have shrunk and that there is a great deal more stromal area between alveoli and ducts.
		Most of the larger structures with a lumen would be ducts which do not regress as significantly as the alveoli during mammary gland involution.
	classes.aces.uiuc.edu /AnSci308/mamalveolus.html (669 words)

	Tennis racket having alveoli filled honeycomb reinforcement - Patent 4505480 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A frame for a tennis racket defined in part by a honeycomb core, the improvement comprising at least one selected alveolus of the honeycomb core being filled with a substance including a material having a density of at least two kilograms per cubic decimeter and a binder for influencing the equilibrium of the racket.
		Of course, for the said selection of the alveolus or the alveoli being filled up, in addition to the intended effect, the stresses imposed by the passages being anticipated in the basket of the frame for cording will be taken into consideration.
		With reference to the single FIGURE, there is shown a conventional tennis racket having an internal honeycomb structure wherein selected alveoli of the honeycomb are filled with a high density material and a binder in accordance with the practice of the invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4505480.html (635 words)

	September 28, 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Understanding the implications of the Law of LaPlace is important because alveoli in the lungs and the lungs as a whole behave as these balloons do.
		The difference between the alveoli and the balloons is that there are two additional forces that have impacts on the distribution of gas within them.
		To overcome this potential problem, the alveoli normally contain a chemical substance that alters the surface tension of the air tissue interface.
	www.dmacc.cc.ia.us /instructors/kegeorge/Therap/Sep4t.htm (1344 words)

	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - Causes - PulmonologyChannel
		Familial emphysema, or alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-related emphysema, is caused by the hereditary deficiency of a protein called alpha1-antitrypsin.
		Emphysema is the enlargement of the alveoli accompanied by destruction of their walls.
		This disruption of the alveolar walls and elastin leads to a decrease in the elastic recoil of the lungs, limiting the ability of the alveoli to passively shrink and to exhale.
	www.pulmonologychannel.com /copd/causes.shtml (628 words)

	Neonatal Exposure to 65% Oxygen Durably Impairs Lung Architecture and Breathing Pattern in Adult Mice -- Dauger et al. ...
		Note that the alveoli are larger and less numerous in the hyperoxic mouse (top right, b) than in the normoxia mouse (top left, a).
		The RAC was defined as the number of air sacs transected by a line drawn from the center of a terminal bronchiole to the nearest pleura.
		Blanco, LN, Frank, L The formation of alveoli in rat lung during the third and fourth postnatal weeks: effect of hyperoxia, dexamethasone, and deferoxamine.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/123/2/530 (4590 words)

	The Number of Alveoli in the Human Lung -- Ochs et al. 169 (1): 120 -- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical ...
		The numerical density of alveoli in the parenchyma is
		million alveoli in a human lung of a 55-year-old female (27).
		The total number and mean size of alveoli in mammalian lung estimated using fractionator sampling and unbiased estimates of the Euler characteristic of alveolar openings.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/169/1/120 (4186 words)

	Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, The: Light and electron microscopical observations on the terminal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		WESSELS, J.C. Light and electron microscopical observations on the terminal airways and alveoli of the lung of the SA (Cape) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus.
		Cartilage and muscle were present throughout, up to the origin of the alveolar ducts, but the glands disappeared together with the goblet cells.
		Alveoli were lined by types one and two alveolar epithelial cells, with subepithelial capillaries.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3910/is_199812/ai_n8815329 (1424 words)

	Hydrodynamic Cleansing of Pulmonary Alveoli
		Inhaled foreign particles that reach the lung alveoli are normally neutralized by macrophages and remain inside the lung.
		Our central assumption is that the amount of surfactant remains periodic during breathing and that a certain regulatory mechanism exists that causes excess surfactant (reported by Hawgood) to leave the alveoli.
		Owing to the latter, surfactant concentration gradients are induced inside the alveoli, which in turn generate fluid motion (a Marangoni effect) and concomitant fluid discharge.
	epubs.siam.org /sam-bin/dbq/article/38609 (295 words)

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