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Topic: Amalgam

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Dental amalgam controversy

Sodium amalgam

Alloy

Mercury (element)

Crown (dentistry)

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Electrum

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Silver

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	ADA.org: A-Z Topics: Amalgam
		Dental amalgam is considered a safe, affordable and durable material that has been used to restore the teeth of more than 100 million Americans.
		Amalgam Matrix for Class II and Class V Preparations Connected at the Proximal Box (February 2006)
		The media coverage was based on the results of a poll conducted in Connecticut by Zogby on behalf of a group opposed to the use of dental amalgam.
	www.ada.org /prof/resources/topics/amalgam.asp (824 words)

	Dental Amalgam and Amalgam Fillings \| Details From the Oral Care Center
		Amalgam is a combination of metals that has been used in dentistry for more than 100 years and is still commonly used today.
		Although it sometimes is called "silver amalgam," amalgam actually consists of a combination of silver, mercury, tin and copper, and small amounts of zinc, indium or palladium.
		Amalgam has been popular as a material for dental fillings and restorations because it is less expensive than other materials and holds up better over time, especially in teeth that undergo a lot of pressure and wear from chewing.
	www.colgate.com /app/Colgate/US/OC/Information/OralHealthBasics/CheckupsDentProc/Fillings/DentalAmalgamAHealthRisk.cvsp (1158 words)

	Questions and Answers on Dental Amalgam
		Dental amalgam is the silver-colored material used to fill (restore) teeth that have cavities.
		Dental amalgam is made of two nearly equal parts: a powder containing silver, tin, copper, zinc and other metals, and liquid mercury.
		Dental amalgam fillings are very strong and durable, they last longer than most other types of fillings, and they are relatively inexpensive.
	www.fda.gov /cdrh/consumer/amalgams.html (915 words)

	Amalgam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This early amalgam was low in mercury and had to be heated in order for the silver to dissolve at any appreciable rate.
		The formation of amalgams facilitates the reduction of most metal ions in aqueous solutions that is normally not possible because their reduction potentials are more negative than the potential for the reduction of the solution.
		Mercury amalgams have been used in the gold and silver mining process due to the ease with which mercury will amalgamate with them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amalgam (438 words)

	Amalgam Comics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amalgam Comics was a metafictional American comic book publisher, and part of a collaboration between Marvel Comics and DC Comics, in which the two comic book publishers merged their characters to create new ones (e.g.
		The first Amalgam event occurred near the end of the Marvel vs DC crossover event in 1996.
		The Bat-Thing is an amalgam of Marvel's Man-Thing and DC's Man-Bat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amalgam_Comics (1623 words)

	The Canadian Dental Association - Your Oral Health - FAQs & Resources - Frequently Asked Questions - Dental Amalgam FAQs
		It suggested that the number of amalgam restorations should be limited to reduce the total daily average exposure of an individual to mercury from all sources (including food, water, air and dental amalgam).
		Amalgam may similarly be contraindicated for workers with known occupational exposure to heavy metals or for individuals with greater than average exposure to mercury because of a diet, which is primarily seafood.
		Dental amalgam is still the restorative material of choice in most instances, and because of its excellent durability and low cost as a restorative material, the risk/benefit ratio is in the patient's interest.
	www.cda-adc.ca /en/oral_health/faqs_resources/faqs/dental_amalgam_faqs.asp (2851 words)

	Mercury Free and Healthy, The Dental Amalgam Issue
		Amalgam's introduction meant that dental care would now be within the financial means of a much wider sector of the population, and because amalgam was simple and easy to use, dentists could readily be trained to treat the anticipated large number of new patients.
		To avoid classifying mixed amalgam, the FDA simply took the position that mixed amalgam was a ''reaction'' product manufactured by the dentist when he or she mixed the mercury with the alloy before placing it in your tooth.
		Highest concentrations of Hg from amalgam in the adult occurred in kidney and liver, whereas in the fetus the highest amalgam Hg concentrations appeared in the liver and pituitary glands.
	www.amalgam.org (13311 words)

	Recycling of Elemental Mercury and Dental Amalgam By Dentists -- Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		All elemental mercury, as well as any contact and non-contact amalgam, should be collected and stored in an air-tight, leak-proof and structurally sound container with a label stating the type of the dental amalgam waste contained and the date the waste was initially placed in the container.
		Amalgam separators are designed to remove a maximum amount of mercury, up to 99 percent, from the wastewater before it is discharged from the dental office.
		An amalgam separator in service at dental facilities prior to May 12, 2006 must be ISO certified and achieve a minimum 95 percent removal efficiency of dental amalgam.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dshm/redrecy/mercfaq.htm (1781 words)

	CT DEP: Best Management Practices for Mercury Amalgam
		Amalgam substitutes should be used in dental practices in cases where they are appropriate as determined by the dental professional when determining the best treatment option for the patient.
		Amalgam separation units shall at all times meet the ISO 11143 standard of a minimum of 95% mercury removal.
		One time use amalgam traps are preferable to reusable traps due to the difficulty in effectively removing amalgam particles from the trap without spilling them into the trash or down the drain.
	dep.state.ct.us /wst/mercury/dental_bmp.htm (777 words)

	amalgam : iSOUND.COM
		Since Amalgam primarily learned to play and write as a group, as opposed to practicing for hours alone in their bedrooms, each individual musician draws from the others in an organic process that produces very characteristic compositions.
		Growing up in the Midwest has given amalgam a down-to-earth sincerity that is refreshing amidst crowds of pretentious “rock stars.” Recently, Amalgam moved from their home town of Sheboygan, WI to Boston, MA to deliver their eclectic pop rock and roll to east coast ears.
		Amalgam began in 2000 with four friends and a rock and roll dream; they immediately began writing and performing original music.
	www.isound.com /amalgam (767 words)

	Amalgam Fillings
		Dental amalgams are an important source of mercury vapour and the vaccine preservative thimerosal is a significant source of ethyl mercury.
		Among the restrictions - amalgam fillings should not be used next to fillings or crowns containing other metals, they should not be used under crowns, they should not be used in patients with kidney disease, in pregnant women or in children aged six years or younger.
		To point to the fact that amalgam fillings have been used for a hundred years is not a proof of safety anymore than it is to claim that tobacco smoking must be safe because people have been doing it for a long time, says Lord Baldwin.
	www.yourhealthbase.com /amalgams.html (4284 words)

	AMALGAM WASTE
		Amalgam decomposes on heating and therefore should not be disposed in solid waste that is incinerated.
		With the introduction of amalgam alloy pellets or tablets and automatic dispensers, the risk of mercury vapor release was reduced and the accuracy of dental amalgam mixing proportions greatly increased.
		Because of the concern of amalgam bonded with mercury entering the waste water stream, precautions should be taken to minimize amalgam in disposal of waste water.
	www.dcdental.org /amalgam.html (1683 words)

	NCAHF Position Paper on Amalgam Fillings
		Advocates of this belief are seeking to ban amalgam use and to force dentists and dental organizations to compensate all persons who claim that amalgam has damaged their health.
		Issue clear and forceful guidelines indicating that unnecessary amalgam removal is unethical and unprofessional and that the diagnosis of mercury toxicity is outside the proper scope of dentistry.
		Factors affecting estimation of dental amalgam exposure from measurements of mercury vapor in levels in intraoral and expired air.
	www.ncahf.org /pp/amalgampp.html (2775 words)

	Oral Health Resources - Dental Amalgam Fact Sheet
		Dental amalgam is the end result of mixing approximately equal parts of elemental liquid mercury (43 to 54 percent) and an alloy powder (57 to 46 percent) composed of silver, tin, copper, and sometimes smaller amounts of zinc, palladium, or indium.
		Sweden, Denmark, and Germany have proposed restrictions on dental amalgam use to diminish both human exposure to and environmental release of mercury and not because of any documented health effects associated with exposure to dental amalgam.
		And finally, as stated previously, amalgam use is declining due to a lessening of the incidence of dental caries and the increasing use of alternative materials.
	www.cdc.gov /OralHealth/factsheets/amalgam.htm (945 words)

	Dental Amalgam Mercury Poisoning
		Although technically speaking, dental amalgams are not in the general ken of medicine — but rather dentistry — the problem is so widespread, I would be seriously remiss not to bring it to your attention.
		Amalgam, or what dentist euphemistically call "silver filling," is made from fifty percent mercury, thirty-five percent silver and fifteen percent tin, or tin mixed with copper, and a trace of zinc.
		After all the amalgam is out, you should be treated intravenously or orally, but not before the amalgam is out, because the chelators liberate large amounts of mercury from your remaining amalgams.
	www.medical-library.net /sites/dental_amalgam_mercury_poisoning.html (3484 words)

	AGD - Dental Amalgam
		Dental amalgam is a mixture of mercury, and an alloy of silver, tin and copper.
		Claims of diseases caused by mercury in amalgam are anecdotal, as are claims of miraculous cures achieved by removing amalgam.
		Some patients prefer dental amalgam to other alternatives because of its safety, cost-effectiveness, and ability to be placed in the tooth cavity quickly.
	www.agd.org /consumer/topics/amalgams/amalgam.asp (578 words)

	Mass DEP :: MA DEP: Dental Amalgam Mercury Recycling
		Amalgam waste from dental practices and clinics is a significant source of mercury releases to the environment when it is thrown into the trash or washed down a drain.
		Amalgam separators remove particles of amalgam from wastewater that passes through your facility's vacuum system, vacuum line filters and screens, and/or chair-side traps, before the wastewater is discharged to a sewer.
		To recycle amalgam waste, you may send it directly to a recycling facility that has obtained a Class A Hazardous Waste Recycling Permit from MassDEP, or a recycling facility located in another state that is authorized by that state to reclaim mercury.
	www.mass.gov /dep/service/dentists.htm (1340 words)

	IV. Dental Amalgam Benefits Analysis
		Dental amalgam is seldom used to treat caries of the anterior (front) teeth, due to its nonesthetic characteristics.
		However, amalgams have been used on the lingual (tongue) side of anterior teeth, the distal sides of canine teeth, and, infrequently, near the gingival (gum) margins where esthetics have not been considered of prime importance.
		Indeed, the availability of amalgam during this period is perhaps the primary factor in the restoration to health and subsequent long-term retention of hundreds of millions of decayed teeth.
	www.health.gov /environment/amalgam1/appendixI-sectionIV.htm (4412 words)

	California Dental Association - Amalgam
		Dental amalgam is considered a safe, long-lasting, and versatile tooth restorative material that has been in use for more than 150 years and has restored the teeth of more than 100 million Americans.
		Although dental amalgams are a source of mercury exposure and are associated with slightly higher urinary mercury excretion, there is no scientific evidence of any measurable clinical toxic effects other than rare hypersensitivity reactions.
		CDA believes that dental amalgam is a valuable and safe choice for dental patients and encourages and supports continued research and constructive dialogue with organizations and individuals that further public health and environmental quality goals.
	www.cda.org /articles/amalgam.htm (738 words)

	the amalgam fortress v.2 - an introduction
		Even though Amalgam Comics was no more, DC and Marvel joined again several more times to release All Access, a mini-series following the star character of two comic companies and the series' sequel Unlimited Access.
		And also a Return to Amalgam series which released twelve more single, number-one issues of Amalgam Comics such as Dark Claw Adventures which seemed like it was part of a saturday morning kid's show's line.
		It brought many writers and still does today that write fan fiction about old amalgams and all new ones they created such as Minuteman (flash and captain america) and the Dark Knight (batman and captain america) and what may be the longest running amalgam series Judgment League Avengers (jla and the avengers).
	members.aol.com /kay759/introduction.html (535 words)

	Amalgam - Page 4
		Amalgam fillings can be placed more quickly than other types.
		Unlike other materials, amalgam can be placed in areas that are difficult to keep dry during the procedure (e.g., below the gumline).
		This is called an amalgam tattoo and is caused by the transfer of tiny particles from the restoration to the soft tissues.
	oral.health.ivillage.com /dentalrestorations/amalgam4.cfm (489 words)

	scientific facts
		Mercury from amalgam is concentrates in the tissues of the fetus and breast feeding infant (18,19).
		Amalgam fillings produce electrical currents which might be injurious to health.
		Mercury from amalgam fillings is the single greatest source of dietary mercury for the general population.
	www.zip.com.au /~rgammal/scientific_facts.htm (1550 words)

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