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Topic: Amarna letters


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  Amarna letters - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The letters were found at Amarna, the modern name for the capital of the Egyptian New Kingdom primarily from the reign of pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known as Akhenaten (1369 - 1353 BCE).
The Amarna letters are unusual in Egyptological research, being mostly written in Akkadian cuneiform on clay tablets.
Letters from the Babylonian king Kadashman-Enlil I anchor Akhenaten's reign to the mid-14th century BCE.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amarna_Letters   (621 words)

  
 Amarna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The site of Amarna includes several modern villages, chief of which are el-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.
The name "Amarna" itself comes from the name of a tribe of nomads, the Beni Amran, who left the Eastern Desert in the 18th century to settle on the banks of the Nile along this stretch.
The Amarna art-style is unique among the Egyptian world for its more realistic depiction of its subjects, instead of the strict idealistic formalism universal in Egyptian art up until that point, as well as for depicting many informal scenes such as the royal family playing with their children.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amarna   (1235 words)

  
 The Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters, a unique corpus of documents from the Egyptian New Kingdom, were discovered in the late 1880s by Egyptian peasants (Moran 1992: xiii).
The Amarna letters represent the diplomatic correspondence between the pharaohs of the Amarna period and their contemporaries in Canaan, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the Aegean.
The earliest of the letters date from late in the reign of Amenhotep III, and the latest date from the reign of Ay, spanning a period from c.
www.courses.psu.edu /cams/cams400w_aek11/amarnal.html   (1123 words)

  
 Archaeology Insitute, Tel-Aviv University   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
Letters whose writers' location is not disputed, such as those written by the Pharaohs to foreign rulers-in other words, those deposited in the archive as copies or drafts-were selected as a case study for comparison with Egyptian ceramics.
EA 59, a letter sent by "the citizens of Tunip" to the Pharaoh, is made of foraminiferous marl dominated by abundant glauconite spheres, which were probably derived from the marl that appear with it.
Letters from securely identified cities in Canaan, such as Byblos, Tyre, Hazor, Megiddo, Shechem, Jerusalem and Gath have, in most cases, a mineralogical and lithological composition that is in agreement with their geological environment.
www.tau.ac.il /humanities/archaeology/projects/amarna.html   (5624 words)

  
 Saudi Aramco World : Correspondence in Clay   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
The Amarna Letters were diplomatic correspondence between the pharaoh and the rulers of these lands, or the vassals who governed towns and cities under Egyptian control.
Amarna was built with roofless courtyards, temples, and shrines to facilitate worship directly toward the sun—although shade was provided for the royal family.
As for the Amarna Letters, although the form of communication doubtless continued, there have been no corresponding caches of correspondence found in Thebes, and thus the record ends approximately a year after the capital was moved back there from Amarna, during the reign of Tutankhamen.
www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199906/correspondence.in.clay.htm   (2546 words)

  
 [No title]
Fortunately this "Berlin chronology" places the Amarna age squarely within the kingdom age of Israel, specifically at the beginning of the divided kingdom period (931-722 B.C.) It should be possible therefore to confirm its accuracy by comparison with the political history of Israel as revealed in the Hebrew Bible.
Authorities on the Amarna documents are unanimous that this city was his home, based in part on a letter from a Jerusalem army commandant to the Egyptian pharaoh reporting the situation in Palestine.
Consquently, had we not already read the Amarna letters from the Palestine region we would have expected to find in them reference to a rebel king, residing in Shechem and in control of the entire region north of that city, ranging from the Medierranean to the trans-Jordon.
www.kent.net /DisplacedDynasties/The_Amarna_Age.html   (5693 words)

  
 [No title]
These letters are incredibly valuable for the detailed historical evidence they provide about the situation in Canaan at the approximate time of the conquest of the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua and Gideon, according to the biblical record found in Joshua and Judges.
Written by several kings who ruled their provinces and cities under the rule of Egypt, these letters are of vital importance to scholars because they describe conditions in Canaan only one or two generations after the Exodus at the very time the Bible tells us the conquest of the Promised Land occurred.
In conclusion, an analysis of the Tell el Amarna Letters clearly confirms that, in the 14th century b.c., the city of Jerusalem was a capital city ruling over a considerable amount of territory in Canaan under the oversight of the Egyptian pharaohs.
www.angelfire.com /punk3/justinspics/evidence.html   (4002 words)

  
 TELL EL AMARNA - LoveToKnow Article on TELL EL AMARNA   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
In the Rolls House were discovered in 1887 by the fellahin some 300 clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform characters.
The tombs and the great stelae sculptured on the cliffs which mark the bounds of the city of Akhet-Aton have been the object of special study by N. de G. Davies on behalf of the Archaeological Survey of Egypt.
The results, with numerous plates and plans, are embodied in a series of memoirs, Rock Tombs of El Amarna (six parts, 19038).
85.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TE/TELL_EL_AMARNA.htm   (512 words)

  
 Principal   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
The project of photographing all the El-Amarna letters housed at the Vorderasiatisches Museum of Berlin (= VAM) was carried out as part of the Research Project “Automation of the process of interpretation of Ancient Texts (Hermeneumatics)” (PB 98-0674-C04-01), which is under the direction of Prof.
All the letters are translated in the works by W.L. Moran, Les lettres d’El Amarna, Paris 1987, id., The Amarna Letters, Baltimore 1992, and by M. Liverani, Le lettere di el-Amarna, Brescia 1998.
During the process of photographing the letters we noticed certain discrepancies between the VAT number that Moran attributes to some of the El-Amarna letters in his French translation of the corpus (Les lettres d’El Amarna, Paris 1987) and that attributed by Schroeder.
amarna.filol.csic.es /maineng.html   (2538 words)

  
 The Definitive El Amarna Letters History
It is clear from his letters that rebellions are occurring in, and on the border with, Philistia, and that the invaders of Abdi-Hiba's territories are, in the main, the Philistine rebels.
Iahzibada of the el-Amarna letters is Iehozabad (Jehozabad) in the Scriptures.
Letter 242: Let the king know that ever since the archers returned (to Egypt?), Lab'ayu has carried on hostilities against me, and we are not able to go outside the gate in the presence of Lab'ayu since he learned that thou hast not given archers; and his face is set to take Megiddo.
www.specialtyinterests.net /elamarna_period.html   (17527 words)

  
 Amarna Tablet 298
Letter from Yapahu of Gazru to the Pharaoh
In the Amarna correspondence, it is also mentioned in EA 253, 254, 287, 290, 292, 299, 300, 369, and 378.
Campbell, Edward A. "The Amarna Letters and the Amarna Period." In Biblical Archaeologist Reader vol.
www.kchanson.com /ANCDOCS/meso/amarna298.html   (505 words)

  
 Amarna Letters
Amarna tablets: Letters from foreign rulers to the pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten
Most of the letters are dated to the reigns of Amenhotep III (1402-1364) and Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV, 1350-1334).
Letter of Tushratta to Amenhotep III informing the pharaoh, that he is sending him a statue of the goddess Ishtar.
www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/amarnaletters.htm   (950 words)

  
 CHRONOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE FIRST AND SECOND MILLENNIUM Part 2: REVISED CHRONOLOGY AND ASSYRIA
The misdating of Amarna related artefacts to the Middle Kassite era produces a double the Kassite artefacts and a void of Late Babylonian ones - the so-called Mesopotamian "dark age".
The Amarna letters were an Egyptian diplomatic archive, found at el-Amarna near the Akhenaten's capital, Akhetaten.
Hittite King, Suppilulimas I wrote a congratulatory letter to Pharaoh Tutankhamun who could be Saplel, King of Hattina, mentioned in Shalmaneser's annals [Oppenheim, 1969b] These Syrian rulers appear both in the Amarna letters and the 9th century annals of Shalmaneser III.
www.ldolphin.org /alanm/chron2.html   (6086 words)

  
 The Amarna Tablets
A century after the discovery of the Amarna tablets and 80 years after their classical publication by Knudtzon, William L. Moran of Harvard University published new translations of the Amarna letters, first in French (Moran 1987), then in English (Moran 1992).
I have therefore decided to put my files at the disposal of all interested students of the Amarna letters, as incomplete and as unpolished as it may be at this time.
Not all the letters found in Amarna are included here, only the ones that stem from Canaan or its immediate vicinity, mainly Amurru (with a few letters sent from Egypt to these areas).
www.tau.ac.il /humanities/semitic/amarna.html   (2086 words)

  
 Egypt: The Discovery of the Amarna Letters
The Amarna Letters were discovered in 1887 by a village woman digging ancient mud-brick for use as fertilizer.
The letters give insight to political conditions, diplomatic marriage, trade and commodities such as glass, gold and iron during this period of time.
For example, the letters make it clear that Amenophis III was a powerful king, as demonstrated by negotiations for his marriage to a number of foreign ruler's daughters.
www.touregypt.net /featurestories/letters.htm   (1072 words)

  
 BD Tell el-Amarna Letters
The Amarna letters provide an excellent example of the manner in which archaeological discoveries enrich our understanding of certain things in the Bible.
The letters are a correspondence from feudal-type city governors in Palestine, asking the Pharaoh at Amarna for military support against invaders.
The letters confirm the report of the spies in Num.
scriptures.lds.org /bdt/tlllmrnl   (223 words)

  
 What's In A Name?
It should be reiterated that an acceptance of the historicity of the Bible requires that the Amarna letters, which date from the Late Bronze Age, must be placed after the dissolution of the United Monarchy.
But in letter EA 289 Milkilu and Tagu are accused of the same deed....The passage clearly shows that the two allies, Milkilu and Shuwardata, captured Rubbutu with the aid of troops sent by Tagu of Gath-Carmel.
Furthermore, from the tone of his letters to the Pharaoh, Yadi-Wardatu seems to be assuming that he is justified in his actions, and that the king of Jerusalem is in the wrong.
www.starways.net /lisa/essays/amarnanames.html   (7557 words)

  
 TELL EL-AMARNA
There are 382 known clay cuneiform tablets, most of which derive from "the place of letters of Pharaoh", a building identified as the official "records office".
The exact chronology of these tablets is still debated, but they span a 15-30 year period beginning around the year of Amenhotep III (1390-1352 BC) and continuing through to no later than the first year of Tutankhamun's reign (1336-1327 BC), with the majority dating to the time of Akhenaten.
The quality of all of these works is superb, but the unrivalled centrepiece of the collection is one of ancient Egypt's most famous icons: the unfinished limestone painted bust of Nefertiti wearing her characteristic flat-topped crown.
www.egyptologyonline.com /amarna.htm   (621 words)

  
 The Armana Tablets   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
These letters were sent to the Egyptian Pharaohs Amenophis III and his son Akhenaten around the middle of the 14th century B.C. The correspondents were kings of Babylonia, Assyria, Hatti and Mitanni, minor kings and rulers of the Near East at that time, and vassals of the Egyptian Empire.
The Amarna tablets are written in Akkadian cuneiform script and present many features which are peculiar and unknown from any other Akkadian dialect.
The Amarna letters from Canaan have proved to be the most important source for the study of the Canaanite dialects in the pre-Israelite period.
www.crystalinks.com /armanatablet.html   (215 words)

  
 Assuruballit
These letters, though rather unimportant, are given much attention by the chronologists, not for their content, but for the name of their author.
But Assuruballit of the letters was, as he himself attests in one of the letters, son of Assur-nadin-ahe.
When the el-Amarna letters were found in 1881 they were ascribed to the fourteenth century because they were partly addressed to Amenhotep III and Akhnaton.
www.varchive.org /ce/assuruballit.htm   (3442 words)

  
 Hebrewhabiruslaves
It was also a language of learning...the language of the Amarna letters is Babylonian, but for the most part it is a Babylonian profoundly different from that of the previous international age.
This situation is reflected in the Amarna Letters, that is, cities who agree to enter into a covenant or league with the `Apiru are spared, those who resist are in some cases, plundered and burned.
Joshua and Jabin in the Amarna Letters ?
www.bibleorigins.net /Hebrewhabiruslaves.html   (7960 words)

  
 To: All Msg #145, Apr1393 02:33PM Subject: Velikovskyian slapstick Well, since Ted seems s
If the Amarna period is contemporary with the biblical King Ahab, then the Amarna letters had better be describing the same people as II Chronicles, or Velikovsky's reconstruction is deep-sixed.
Furthermore, in the Amarna letters, Azaru is the son of Abdi-Ashirta.
In the Amarna letters, Rib-Addi is king of Gubla, which Velikovsky argues was the original name of Jezreel in Israel before Ahab changed it.
www.skepticfiles.org /evolut/slapstik.htm   (1346 words)

  
 The Rocks Cry Out
The famous Amarna letters were discovered at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt more than a century ago.
Other correspondence in the series of Tell el Amarna Letters indicates that the territory ruled by the king of Jerusalem at that time (during the days of Joshua and Gideon) included land extending from Hebron in the south to the town of Bethel in the north.
The ancient king of Judea, King Hezekiah ordered his workmen to carve a long tunnel through 1,749 feet of hard bedrock to bring in a safe supply of water from a spring that was located outside the walls of the City of David, ancient Jerusalem.
www.inplainsite.org /html/the_rocks_cry_out.html   (2761 words)

  
 Tell El-Amarna, Tablets - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
The letters are in the Babylonian tongue modified by contact with the speech of the country, a kind of early Aramaic (Conder, The Tell Amarna Tablets, X; Dhorme, "La langue de Canaan," Revue Biblique, Juillet, 1913, 369).
Probably these southern letters refer to the same disturbances spreading from the North toward the South, which is fatal to theory that the Habiri are the Hebrews under Joshua, for these latter came in from the Southeast.
The seeming correspondences between the letters and the account of the conquest in the Bible lose much of their significance when the greater probabilities raised in the names and the course of the wars are taken away.
www.searchgodsword.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8649   (2939 words)

  
 Amarna Letters: Kadashman Enlil
Amarna tablets: Letter from Kadashman Enlil I, king of Babylon, to Amenhotep III
Letter from Kadashman Enlil I, king of Babylon, to Amenhotep III
Burnaburiash sent a similar letter asking for gold to Amenhotep's successor, Akhenaten.
nefertiti.iwebland.com /kadashman_enlil.htm   (332 words)

  
 Amarna letters concerning the Lab'aya Affair
The el-Amarna letters, a collection of correspondence between various states and Egypt, were found in the remains of the ancient city of Akhetaten, built by Akhenaten around 1370 BCE.
Below is a collection of the letters which mention Lab'aya of Shechem, some sent to the pharaoh by Lab'aya himself, others sent by kings of Palestine who polemicize against him and against his sons after his death.
These texts are translated from an Italian edition of the El-Amarna letters: "Le lettere di el-Amarna," edited by Mario Liverani, Paideia, 1998, 2 volumes.
fontes.lstc.edu /~rklein/Documents/labaya_files/labaya.htm   (2240 words)

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