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Topic: Ambush predator

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	True Bugs - Insect Order Hemiptera
		Ambush bugs (Family Phymatidae) are some of the most fascinating hunters, hanging around flower blossoms, nearly invisible in their exquisite camouflage, waiting for a bee or other pollinator to blunder into range.
		Once they have latched onto a bumble bee, butterfly, or even a wasp, the ambush bug immobilizes the prey by injecting toxic saliva through their beak.
		The ambush bugs that killed the wasp were in the process of mating when the female made her catch.
	www.cirrusimage.com /bugs.htm (519 words)

	Ambush - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ambush is a long established military tactic in which an ambushing force uses concealment to attack an enemy that passes its position.
		An ambush predator is a creature who uses similar tactics to capture prey without the difficulty and wasted energy of a chase.
		Ambush patrols will almost always have to be self-sufficient as re-supply would not be possible without compromising their covert position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ambush (667 words)

	Jaguar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ambush may include leaping into water after prey and a jaguar is quite capable of carrying a large kill while swimming; its strength is such that carcasses as large as a heifer can be hauled up a tree to avoid flood levels.
		The jaguar is an apex predator, meaning that it exists at the top of its food chain and is not regularly preyed on in the wild.
		Thus, the keystone predator hypothesis is not favoured by all scientists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Panthera_onca (4518 words)

	ABSTRACT: Many insects are known to have anti-predator behaviors, in this review the behavioral responses of a variety ...
		The predators of the aquatic insects that were studied were different species of fish and aquatic invertebrates, each with different predation behaviors.
		A decrease in drifting does not have an effect on preferential predation on infected mayflies by caddisfly larvae most likely because it is an ambush predator and has no hydrodynamic early warning of its presence, therefore pre-contact drifting is not beneficial, thus leveling the "playing field" for the infected and uninfected mayflies.
		The difference of the effects of the two species of predators may be due to their feeding strategies as well as to their differentiation of sublethal effects on the nymphs, i.e.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_2001/wise.htm (4839 words)

	Prof (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In general, the ambush predator required more time units to reach an encounter with the prey and the coefficient of variationwas larger than for the active forager.
		The ambush predator encounters aprey that moves directionally earlier than it encounters a randomly moving prey.
		In addition, Eric found that spiders under the risk of predation require longer time to catch their prey, so there seem to be a trade-off between the rate of prey capture and safety from predation.
	www.bgu.ac.il /life/Faculty/Bouskila/when.html (366 words)

	Evolution: Survival: Coral Reef Connections
		You might not think of a grass-munching cow as much of a predator, but cows are indeed the predators of their grass prey.
		While predators usually kill their prey to eat them, parasites live on or in their prey (called a host), nibbling or sucking tiny bits so the host survives, nourishing them for many meals to come.
		But their efforts can be foiled by ambush predators, like the smallscale scorpionfish, whose camouflage prevents gobies and other prey from seeing them until it's too late.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/survival/coral/predators.html (1875 words)

	The Royal Society of NSW
		I investigated (1) the importance of chemical cues for predator detection by the nocturnal rock-dwelling velvet gecko (Oedura lesueurii), and (2) the ways in which the lizards' responses to snake odour may have exerted selection on the foraging behaviours of a nocturnal elapid snake.
		Together, these data support the notion that the "ambush" predator benefits by remaining sedentary within a retreat-site for long periods, because it thereby minimizes the extent to which it spreads its scent over the rocks forming the crevice.
		Geckos from populations sympatric with the "ambush" predator responded strongly to the snake scent, but those from allopatric populations did not.
	nsw.royalsoc.org.au /talks_1999/talk_Nov99.html (548 words)

	Ambushing prey may make snakes vulnerable
		The traits ranged from foraging behavior (ambush vs. active hunting) to reproduction type (egg-laying vs. livebearing) to use of 25 habitat types (such as grassland, forest and swamp).
		Half of the 8 ambush predator species are classified as threatened while fewer than a tenth of the active hunter species are threatened.
		Snakes that ambush their prey need to be able to hide in thick leaf litter and other particular ground covers.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-04/sfcb-apm040102.php (464 words)

	Predator Control
		Also, depending on where you live, some of these knows predators may not even be in your general area.
		The most destructive of air predators is the House Sparrow and European Starling.
		We have accumulated considerable information related to successful nest box designs and predator deterrents and are willing to act as a resource related to bluebird recovery efforts.
	www.martinsetc.com /id34.htm (2335 words)

	Example outline and abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Predation potential is the propensity of the predator to consume the prey, integrating such factors as abundance of predators, prey-species composition, the feeding preferences of the predator and the availability of alternative food sources (Aronson 1998).
		Analyzing the predation potential is important when trying to discern the effects of piscivorous fish within coral reef communities.
		The predation hypothesis also incorporates the theory that predator strategies for capturing of prey and prey defenses are all stabilizing factors in the scheme of predator-prey interactions.
	www.fiu.edu /~kopturs/ugs/example.html (836 words)

	Predators: Predator Groups: Photos: Ambush Bug
		Ambush bugs have incomplete metamorphosis (nymphs similar to adults).
		All stages feed by grabbing prey with their front legs, jabbing it with sucking mouthparts, injecting an enzyme that digests the body contents of the prey, and sucking the predigested fluid from the prey.
		Ambush bugs will eat beneficial pollinators as well as other insects that visit flowers.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /cee/biocontrol/predators/predgroups/photos/ambushbug.html (113 words)

	Ants lurk for bees, but bees see ambush: Science News Online, March 22, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A tropical ant has perfected the un-antlike behavior of hunting by ambush, but its prey, a sweat bee, has developed some tricks of its own.
		Predator recognition and evasive behavior by sweat bees, Lasioglossum umbripenne (Hymenoptera: Halicitidae), in response to predation by ants, Ectatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
		Ambush predation by the ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum Roger(Formicidae) on a sweat bee Lasioglossum umbripenne (Halictidae), in Panama.
	www.sciencenews.org /20030322/note15ref.asp (104 words)

	Pfiesteria Publications \| Environmental Science Center \| US EPA
		In the absence of fish, transformations among nontoxic flagellated, amoeboid and encysted stages in the dinoflagellate's complex life cycle are influenced by the availability of microbial prey (bacteria, algae, and microfauna including protozoan ciliates and rotifers).
		Three potential microbial predators of P. piscicida were identified, although one was subject to attack especially by larger amoeboid stages.
		The toxic ambush predator known as Pfiesteria piscimorte (Steidinger et al., in prep.) is a polymorphic dinoflagellate with flagellated, amoeboid, and cyst stages.
	www.epa.gov /region3/esc/library/pfiestbib.htm (5256 words)

	Hornet robber fly - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The number of hornet robber flies has declined dramatically in recent years because of inorganic cattle wormers and the reduction in dung dependent insects caused by the resultant sterile dung, so we are delighted that it feels at home on our reserve.
		Known as an ambush predator, they lie in wait to pounce on their victims, usually grasshoppers and damselflies.
		Known as an ambush predator, they lie in wait to pounce on their victims, usually grasshopers and damselflies
	www.rspb.org.uk /england/southwest/biodiversity/hornet_robber_fly.asp?view=print (278 words)

	ambush stock images / stock images of ambush photos search
		Marine is uses the cover of a truck and green smoke as he provides...
		Red Marbled Lizardfish, Synodus rubromarmoratus, An ambush predator that f...
		Variegated Lizardfish, Synodus variegatus, An ambush predator that feeds o...
	www.photographersdirect.com /stockphotos/ambush.asp (614 words)

	Freshwater Baracuda (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Predator, this fish will eat any fish small enough to be eaten whole.
		This fish is a lurker, an ambush predator.
		It is not very active in the aquarium and will remain motionless or hidden for long periods of time.
	www.fishtanksandponds.net /live-stock/fishprofiles/ctenolucius-hujeta.htm (138 words)

	Publications - Dan Formanowicz (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The effect of prey density on ambush-site changes in an extreme ambush-type predator.
		Unpalatability and toxicity of an introduced species (cinnabar moth larvae) to native predators.
		Predator avoidance and antipredator mechanisms: distinct pathways to survival.
	www.uta.edu /biology/faculty/formanowicz/publ.htm (729 words)

	Praying Mantis - Cirrus Digital Imaging
		They usually remain in ambush completely motionless, letting prey blunder into range, or they do a slow stalk much like a cat.
		It is frequently reported that prey becomes impaled on the spines lining the front legs, but I don't think that's correct.
		The strong prominent mouthparts of this predator have evolved into a very efficient ripping and tearing mechanism.
	www.cirrusimage.com /mantidae_praying_mantis.htm (804 words)

	Dogpile - Web Search: ambush
		ambush is a long established military tactic in which an ambushing force...
		ambush predator is a creature who uses similar tactics to capture prey...
		Assassin bugs are ferocious predators, and include both beneficial insects and pests among their numbers.
	www.dogpile.com /info.dogpl/search/web/ambush (296 words)

	Australian Museum - Novel Way to Track a Python
		It came to a halt in a large tree used as a daytime roost by another study animal and her young, which disappeared a short time later (presumably eaten).
		And, although the evidence is largely circumstantial, this serendipitous study suggests Amethystine Pythons probably have a significant effect on tree-kangaroo abundance in lowland rainforest areas.
		Field observation of predation on Bennett?s Tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus bennettianus) by an Amethystine Python (Morelia amethistina).
	www.amonline.net.au /archive.cfm?id=440 (322 words)

	ABCNEWS.com : Monster Crocodile Fossils Discovered
		Sereno said the animal's eye sockets are rotated upward, enabling it to remain submerged in water while watching the shoreline.
		"This suggests it was an ambush predator, hiding under the water and then surging out to grab anything lounging on the shore," he said.
		Modern crocodiles living in African rivers often grab large animals, such as wildebeest and zebras, and drag them into the water where they are drowned and then torn apart.
	www.supercroc.org /pressarticles/abcnews.htm (665 words)

	Sea Angling in Ireland - Monkfish / Angel Shark (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Introduction: The Monkfish or Angel Shark is a voracious bottom feeding ambush predator, with a body shape lying somewhere between rays and proper sharks.
		Monkfish are ambush predators and they like relatively shallow waters.
		They have a particular predference for tidal races and eddy pools where the current sweeps potential prey towards their ambush position.
	www.sea-angling-ireland.org /shark%20-%20monkfish.htm (373 words)

	Extinct Australian "Lion" Was Big Biter, Expert Says (Site not responding. Last check: )
		According to a recent study, Thylacoleo was not only a much larger predator than previously believed but also the most specialized mammalian carnivore of all time.
		A team of Australian scientists led by Stephen Wroe, a specialist in marsupial carnivore evolution at the University of Sydney, used a new method to estimate the size of this long-extinct predator.
		Thylacoleo was an ambush predator—"just a lump of muscle and bone, and powerfully built," Wroe said.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2004/03/0305_040305_TVsuperpredator.html (954 words)

	Predator Clear Ambush Predator Mail Away Kenner Figure (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Predator Clear Ambush Predator Mail Away Kenner Figure
		Here is a very hard to find Clear Ambush Predator.
		This may be the rarest of all the Predator Kenner figures.
	www.monstersinmotion.us /ofak/ambushpred.html (177 words)

	SELECTIVE PREDATION OF THE COPEPODS ACARTIA BIFILOSA AND TEMORA LONGICORNIS ON THREE OLIGOTRICH CILIATES - ESCAPE ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Predation by the copepods Acartia bifilosa and Temora longicornis on ciliates were measured daily for 9 days during an upwelling event at a coastal station in the Baltic.
		Strombidium is small and escapes weakly, Mesodinium has very strong escape jumps and the large Strobilidium may swim fast enough to avoid getting trapped in the feeding current of T. longicornis.
		These shear related escape responses would not affect capture by an ambush predator, hence the invariant predation by Acartia.
	www.aslo.org /meetings/santafe99/abstracts/CS60WE1115H.html (229 words)

	Barracuda Stock Photography
		The two dorsal fins are widely separated, with the first having five spines and the second one spine and nine soft rays.
		Their body plan is a classic example of a lie-in-wait or ambush predator: barracudas rely on surprise and short bursts of speed to overrun their prey, sacrificing manoeuvrability.
		Barracudas occur in subtropical and tropical oceans worldwide, and may be seen in schools, particularly during spawning.
	www.junglewalk.com /stock-photo/Barracuda-stock-photography.htm (182 words)

	T-Rex was a scavenger? - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		It is silly to think a T-Rex could not be an ambush predator because of his size.
		I would even say that the Rex might have had the same septic saliva as the komodo, and after one good bite from ambush, could track a large animal until it succumbed from bite trauma, loss of blood, infection, or a combinatin of all three.
		look, to be an ambush predator you need more than just strength, you need speed, stealth, and camoflague.....why dont you people understand the trex is just far too big to hide himself.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=53255&st=30 (6897 words)

	Humpback Puffer, Pufferfish (Tetraodon palembangensis), with picture / photo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An ambush predator which must not be kept with small fishes.
		An unusual looking puffer, which due to its 'hide and wait' ambush tactics, is not generally as active as some of the more commonly kept species.
		They are territorial with their own kind, but several can be kept in a spacious tank with plenty of decor, which should only result in occasional sparring rather than serious aggression.
	www.thetropicaltank.co.uk /Fishindx/puf-pal.htm (118 words)

	1Agamesite
		Alien vs. Predator 2, the highly anticipated sequel to Alien vs. Predator, the most intense and terrifying game of 1999, combines elements, creatures, and settings from the hit movies Aliens and Predator in three unique, interlocking stories.
		As the survivor of a human ambush, the Predator seeks vengeance for his fallen comrades.
		Faced with overwhelming odds, the Predator overcome the lust for the hunt to survive waves of human and alien enemies.
	uk.msnusers.com /1agamesite/prd.msnw (419 words)

	White Shark Information
		The swimmer likely became the target of the shark after it was attracted to the nearby sea lions, a favored prey item of white sharks.
		"Sharks have no interest in feeding on humans, but as an ambush predator they may mistake a human in a dark wetsuit for that of a marine mammal." This was likely the case with the swimmer who was wearing a full-body wetsuit, goggles and fins.
		With its ambush-style of predation, sharks typically attack from below, biting only once at first and then leaving its prey to bleed to death before it returns to feed on the carcass.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mrd/whiteshark082003.html (591 words)

	Tyson Summer Fellows
		If pesticides negatively impact aquatic predators or competitors of amphibians, amphibians could perceive contaminated habitats as being more suitable for their eggs than uncontaminated habitats.
		To identify whether the impacts of these treatments were trait-dependent we used predators with different foraging strategies: ambush and active.
		However, the shape and configuration of remaining habitat fragments impacted the two predators differently, altering active and not ambush predator foraging behavior.
	www.biology.wustl.edu /tyson/peoplefellows.html (1423 words)

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